4. It's Harder for Automakers To Game the CAFE System.
Because CAFE requirements are now based on vehicle footprints, with lower required annual mpg increases for vehicles with bigger footprints, it would seem easy for automakers to reduce their fuel-economy burdens by enlarging the footprints of some models. That's a fairly inexpensive strategy if the vehicle modification simply means increasing the width of the track between the tires, but such a measure only would deliver a very small increase in footprint. A significant increase in footprint can only come by stretching a vehicle's wheelbase, which is not only a complex manufacturing proposition but also an expensive one.
NHTSA said that it recognized the apparent loophole early on and took steps to plug it. It ensured that the incremental reductions in fuel economy requirements would be so small that it would not be economical for an automaker to merely step up one or two footprint sizes. The cost of stretching footprints beyond that, the agency said, would be far greater than the benefit an automaker would receive from the mpg reduction.
In short, the shape of the footprint curves has been carefully tailored to allow the continued existence of larger vehicles without favoring them over smaller ones.
The new plan also redefines trucks and cars in such a way that the carmakers can no longer play the old game of turning a car into a truck by simply flattening the load floor. (That's what Chrysler did with the discontinued PT Cruiser.) Unless they have four-wheel- or all-wheel-drive systems, most of the small crossover SUVs, such as the Ford Escape, are classified as cars. This means these crossovers must meet tougher fuel economy standards and can no longer be quietly slipped into an automaker's truck fleet under a technicality in order to reduce the average fuel consumption of the truck fleet.
But where there is a will there's a way. It's likely that some enterprising automaker will figure out a method or two for improving its fleet fuel-efficiency average in a way the rulemakers never envisioned.