Skip to main content
Skip to Filters
1,553 listings
  • New Listing
    $16,286
    great price
    $3,747 below market
    59,229 miles
    4cyl Automatic
    Hertz Car Sales Richmond (95 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    Close

    Located in Richmond, VA / 95 miles away from Virginia Beach, VA

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary Unavailable.

    Features and Specs:

    23 Combined MPG (20 City/27 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 2FMPK4J98JBC31401
    Stock: 51521
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 05-06-2024

  • Price Drop
    $17,869
    great price
    $2,385 below market
    101,405 miles
    1 Accident, 2 Owners, Personal use only
    6cyl Automatic
    Capital Ford Lincoln of Rocky Mount (117 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Rocky Mount, NC / 117 miles away from Virginia Beach, VA

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    20 Combined MPG (17 City/24 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 2FMPK4AP2JBC54543
    Stock: RAW10490
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 04-08-2024

  • $20,460
    good price
    $2,324 below market
    9,287 miles
    No accidents, 1 Owner, Personal use only
    4cyl Automatic
    Driveway (148 mi away)
    Home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in Springfield, VA / 148 miles away from Virginia Beach, VA

    CarFax No Accidents Reported,CarFax 1-Owner,Low Mileage,Apple CarPlay,Back-Up Camera,Blind Spot Monitor,Bluetooth,Brake Assist,Hands-Free Liftgate,Key...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    23 Combined MPG (20 City/27 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 2FMPK4J96JBC25306
    Stock: JBC25306A
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • $18,899
    good price
    $1,385 below market
    37,324 miles
    No accidents, 1 Owner, Personal use only
    4cyl Automatic
    Southern Ford (35 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • USB Inputs
    Close

    Located in Newport News, VA / 35 miles away from Virginia Beach, VA

    Spring Cleaning Sale! CARFAX One-Owner. Clean CARFAX. Ford Blue Advantage: Blue Certified * 139 Point Inspection * Transferable Warranty * Vehicle H...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    24 Combined MPG (21 City/29 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 2FMPK3G92JBB03253
    Stock: X4GA15405A
    Certified Pre-Owned: Yes
    Listed since: 04-19-2024

  • Advertisement

    10 Offers Nearby

    2024 Ford Edge
    • 7 Colors
    • 5 Trims
    • 6 Packages
    View Offers
    Current Manufacturer Suggested Retail Price (MSRP) for base vehicle. Excludes destination/delivery fee plus government fees and taxes, any finance charges, any dealer processing charge, any electronic filing charge, and any emission testing charge.
  • Price Drop
    $14,995
    good price
    $1,201 below market
    130,495 miles
    No accidents, 3 Owners, Corporate fleet vehicle
    4cyl Automatic
    Nation Motors (97 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Leather Seats
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in Richmond, VA / 97 miles away from Virginia Beach, VA

    2018 FORD EDGE Titanium AWD {Sub Title} with powerful TWIN-SCROLL 2.0L ECOBOOST engine and driven 130495 miles! Fully loaded and much more! **FINANCIN...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    23 Combined MPG (20 City/27 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 2FMPK4K98JBB20586
    Stock: NM2901
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • 103,203 miles
    No accidents, 2 Owners, Corporate fleet vehicle
    4cyl Automatic
    757 Auto Outlet (7 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Leather Seats
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in Virginia Beach, VA / 7 miles away from Virginia Beach, VA

    757 AUTO OUTLET is a car dealer that specializes in MILITARY FINANCING AND TO THE PUBLIC. With over 80 Quality used cars in our inventory including A...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: Yes

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    23 Combined MPG (20 City/27 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 2FMPK4J95JBB91875
    Stock: AO-428
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • Price Drop
    $14,841
    good price
    $1,787 below market
    92,215 miles
    No accidents, 2 Owners, Rental vehicle
    4cyl Automatic
    Hertz Car Sales Raleigh (162 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Power Driver Seat
    Close

    Located in Raleigh, NC / 162 miles away from Virginia Beach, VA

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    23 Combined MPG (20 City/27 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 2FMPK4J94JBB12387
    Stock: 40787
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 04-08-2024

  • $18,590
    fair price
    $676 above market
    78,328 miles
    4cyl Automatic
    Carvana - Richmond (104 mi away)
    Home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Power Driver Seat
    Close

    Located in Richmond, VA / 104 miles away from Virginia Beach, VA

    At Carvana, we go miles beyond the extra mile. That's why we provide you with a convenient, fast, and hassle-free car buying experience that puts you ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary Unavailable.

    Features and Specs:

    23 Combined MPG (20 City/27 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 2FMPK4J96JBC49251
    Stock: 2002828294
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 03-30-2024

  • Advertisement

    10 Offers Nearby

    2024 Ford Edge
    • 7 Colors
    • 5 Trims
    • 6 Packages
    View Offers
    Current Manufacturer Suggested Retail Price (MSRP) for base vehicle. Excludes destination/delivery fee plus government fees and taxes, any finance charges, any dealer processing charge, any electronic filing charge, and any emission testing charge.
  • $18,269
    fair price
    $210 above market
    78,434 miles
    No accidents, 3 Owners, Rental vehicle
    4cyl Automatic
    Driveway (12 mi away)
    Home delivery*
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Leather Seats
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Power Driver Seat
    Close

    Located in Norfolk, VA / 12 miles away from Virginia Beach, VA

    CarFax No Accidents Reported,Rare Find,Apple CarPlay,Back-Up Camera,Bluetooth,Brake Assist,Hands-Free Liftgate,Heated Seats,Keyless Start,Leather Seat...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    24 Combined MPG (20 City/29 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 2FMPK3K91JBB74015
    Stock: JBB74015A
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • Price Drop
    $19,997
    fair price
    $906 above market
    45,009 miles
    No accidents, 1 Owner, Personal use only
    4cyl Automatic
    Crossroads Ford of Sanford (198 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Leather Seats
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Power Driver Seat
    Close

    Located in Sanford, NC / 198 miles away from Virginia Beach, VA

    Clean Carfax, One Owner, Local Trade, 2.0 ECO Boost, New Tires, Heated Seats, Backup Camera, Navigation, Leather Seats, Remote Start, Hands Free Lift ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    24 Combined MPG (20 City/29 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 2FMPK3J98JBB98457
    Stock: U08584A
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 04-18-2024

  • $16,992
    fair price
    $810 above market
    78,530 miles
    1 Accident, 1 Owner, Personal use
    4cyl Automatic
    Apple Ford of Lynchburg (179 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Power Driver Seat
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    Close

    Located in Lynchburg, VA / 179 miles away from Virginia Beach, VA

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    24 Combined MPG (20 City/29 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 2FMPK3J99JBB93719
    Stock: P4720A
    Certified Pre-Owned: Yes
    Listed since: 03-22-2024

  • Price Drop
    $14,877
    good price
    $898 below market
    66,453 miles
    2 Accidents, Personal use only
    4cyl Automatic
    Carhaven (160 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    Close

    Located in Millersville, MD / 160 miles away from Virginia Beach, VA

    Thank you for taking the time to look at our Cars and Trucks. We are located next to BWI airport near Severna Park & Glen Burnie Maryland. You are wel...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    23 Combined MPG (20 City/27 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 2FMPK4G93JBC38487
    Stock: M4231
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 04-08-2024

  • Price Drop
    $15,110
    good price
    $1,366 below market
    85,080 miles
    1 Accident, 2 Owners, Rental vehicle
    4cyl Automatic
    Hertz Car Sales Baltimore (177 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Leather Seats
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in Baltimore, MD / 177 miles away from Virginia Beach, VA

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    23 Combined MPG (20 City/27 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 2FMPK4J90JBC05990
    Stock: 54072
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 04-18-2024

  • Price Drop
    61,139 miles
    No accidents, 2 Owners, Personal use
    4cyl Automatic
    Arch Road DriveTime (96 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    Close

    Located in Richmond, VA / 96 miles away from Virginia Beach, VA

    GENIUS TOOLS AND VEHICLE BENEFITS: Experience the Genius Way to Buy a Car at DriveTime with true online financing terms, no haggle pricing and a press...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    23 Combined MPG (20 City/27 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 2FMPK4G94JBC50261
    Stock: 1630075283
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 03-30-2024

  • 101,605 miles
    No accidents, 1 Owner, Personal use
    4cyl Automatic
    Glen Burnie DriveTime (164 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    Close

    Located in Glen Burnie, MD / 164 miles away from Virginia Beach, VA

    GENIUS TOOLS AND VEHICLE BENEFITS: Experience the Genius Way to Buy a Car at DriveTime with true online financing terms, no haggle pricing and a press...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    23 Combined MPG (20 City/27 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 2FMPK4G9XJBB47524
    Stock: 1630074317
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 03-25-2024

  • 68,332 miles
    No accidents, 1 Owner, Personal use only
    4cyl Automatic
    National Auto of Waldorf (134 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    Close

    Located in Waldorf, MD / 134 miles away from Virginia Beach, VA

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    23 Combined MPG (20 City/27 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 2FMPK4G9XJBB56644
    Stock: B56644
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 04-02-2024

  • Price Drop
    $19,998
    fair price
    $726 above market
    31,140 miles
    1 Accident, 1 Owner, Personal use only
    4cyl Automatic
    CarMax Dulles - Now offering Express Pickup and Home Delivery (169 mi away)
    Free delivery available*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Power Driver Seat
    Close

    Located in Sterling, VA / 169 miles away from Virginia Beach, VA

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    23 Combined MPG (20 City/27 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 2FMPK4J93JBC19138
    Stock: 25191662
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • 67,463 miles
    Frame damage reported, 4 Owners, Corporate fleet vehicle
    6cyl Automatic
    Alpha Motorsports Manassas (154 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Power Driver Seat
    Close

    Located in Manassas, VA / 154 miles away from Virginia Beach, VA

    **NATIONWIDE DELIVERY AVAILABLE** FINANCE RATES AS LOW AS 3.9% AND SPECIALS ON EXTENDED WARRANTY THROUGH OUR FINANCING AND UP TO 110% OF KBB TRADE-IN ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Title issue reported

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: Yes

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    20 Combined MPG (17 City/24 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 2FMPK4AP6JBB93083
    Stock: S93083
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • 41,166 miles
    No accidents, 2 Owners, Personal use
    6cyl Automatic
    CarMax Virginia Beach - Now offering Express Pickup and Home Delivery (4 mi away)
    Free delivery available*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Power Driver Seat
    Close

    Located in Virginia Beach, VA / 4 miles away from Virginia Beach, VA

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    20 Combined MPG (17 City/24 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 2FMPK4AP2JBC21879
    Stock: 25325927
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • 106,769 miles
    No accidents, 1 Owner, Personal use only
    6cyl Automatic
    Hyman Bros Infiniti of Richmond (99 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Midlothian, VA / 99 miles away from Virginia Beach, VA

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 2FMPK4J84JBC49949
    Stock: J24185A
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 03-11-2024

  • Price Drop
    86,680 miles
    No accidents, 1 Owner, Personal use only
    6cyl Automatic
    Apple Ford of Lynchburg (179 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Power Driver Seat
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    Close

    Located in Lynchburg, VA / 179 miles away from Virginia Beach, VA

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 2FMPK3J8XJBB70389
    Stock: 24A5091A
    Certified Pre-Owned: Yes
    Listed since: 04-20-2024

Showing 1 - 21 out of 1,553 listings

Consumer Reviews for the Ford Edge

Read recent reviews for the Ford Edge
Overall Consumer Rating
4 out of 5 stars58 Reviews
Write a vehicle reviewSee all 58 reviews
  • 5 star
    (59%)
  • 4 star
    (14%)
  • 3 star
    (9%)
  • 2 star
    (9%)
  • 1 star
    (10%)
5 out of 5 stars

Edge Sport fun to drive and very practical

Doug Harby, 06/19/2018
2018 Ford Edge Sport 4dr SUV AWD (2.7L 6cyl Turbo 6A)
I test drove and evaluated 18 different sport utilities ranging from compacts to three row. I determined a midsize best met my needs. The Edge was high in my scoring but had heavy competition from several Asian brands. Of all the vehicles I tested I liked the Edge Sport the best for it's power and looks but it was somewhat above my price range so I figured I would settle for an SEL … with the 2 liter Eco boost if I went with the Ford. However the dealer was able to get my lease down to an affordable level and now I own a vehicle that I really wanted but never thought I could afford. This vehicle was proceeded by a WRX, Miata, Mazda Speed 3, and Fusion Sport, all great vehicles and fun to drive but I would take this vehicle any day with exhilarating acceleration and handling that betrays its SUV roots. Yet we can take 5 adults and all our gear on a quiet, smooth cross-country trip and pull down 23-26 MPG.
Report abuse

Used 2018 Ford Edge in Virginia Beach, VA Values

Estimated values
2018 Ford Edge SEL 4dr SUV AWD (2.0L 4cyl Turbo 6A) with no options
ConditionTrade-InPrivate PartyDealer Retail
Outstanding$14,638$17,298$19,660
Clean$14,192$16,766$19,050
Average$13,449$15,880$18,034
Rough$12,482$14,728$16,714

The average list price of a used 2018 Ford Edge in Virginia Beach, Virginia is $17,974. The average mileage on a used Ford Edge 2018 for sale in Virginia Beach, Virginia is 72,823. Based on the average mileage of 72,823 for used 2018 Ford Edge for sale in Virginia Beach, VA and using an average vehicle condition rating, which means the vehicle may have a few mechanical and/or cosmetic problems and may require a considerable amount of reconditioning, we appraise the average trade-in value of a used Ford Edge 2018 in Virginia Beach, Virginia to be $13,449.

Select Buying Experience
Filters
Skip to Results

Location

Search radius200 miles
Search radius

Make & Model

make

model

Year

to
Year

Condition

Price & Payment

1,553 cars
|
$21,758 avg. price
$
to
$
Price

Price Rating

Edmunds' ratings are backed by 15+ years of pricing research done by our data scientistsHow are ratings determined?We analyze millions of data points to generate our ratings. We look at vehicle configuration, options, history, nearby transactions, market pricing and more — the ratings are up-to-date and relevant to your search area.

Trim

Mileage

to
Mileage

Vehicle History

Engine & Drivetrain

Transmission

Engine Type

Drivetrain

Cylinders

Exterior Color

Interior Color

Total Seating

Features

Comfort & Convenience

Safety

Engine & Exterior

Entertainment

Options & Packages

MPG

to
MPG

Vehicle Listing Details


* Delivery of any kind does not apply to Alaska and Hawaii. Contact the dealer for delivery details, restrictions and costs.