Skip to main content
Skip to Filters
292 listings
  • $43,500
    great price
    $4,721 below market
    43,778 miles
    No accidents, 1 Owner, Personal use only
    6cyl Automatic
    Hall Honda Virginia Beach (155 mi away)
    Five Star Dealer
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Upgraded Headlights
    Close

    Located in Virginia Beach, VA / 155 miles away from Raleigh, NC

    CARFAX One-Owner. Clean CARFAX. Black Sapphire Metallic 2022 BMW 4 Series M440i RWD 8-Speed Automatic Sport 3.0L I6 Local Trade. 23/31 City/Highway M...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    26 Combined MPG (23 City/31 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WBA53AT05NCJ36139
    Stock: 8235560A
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 02-03-2024

  • New Listing
    $47,992
    good price
    $1,900 below market
    17,375 miles
    No accidents, 1 Owner, Personal use only
    6cyl Automatic
    AutoNation USA Charlotte (131 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in Charlotte, NC / 131 miles away from Raleigh, NC

    Driving Assistance Professional Package Premium Package Dravit Gray Metallic Harman/Kardon Surround Sound System Live Cockpit Pro W/Navi Wheels: 19" X...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    28 Combined MPG (25 City/34 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WBA83AP04NCK11419
    Stock: NCK11419
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 04-29-2024

  • $31,990
    fair price
    $868 below market
    41,700 miles
    No accidents, 1 Owner, Rental vehicle
    4cyl Automatic
    Carvana - Richmond (137 mi away)
    Home delivery*
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Upgraded Headlights
    Close

    Located in Richmond, VA / 137 miles away from Raleigh, NC

    At Carvana, we go miles beyond the extra mile. That's why we provide you with a convenient, fast, and hassle-free car buying experience that puts you ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    28 Combined MPG (25 City/34 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WBA53AP07NCL07046
    Stock: 2002809126
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 04-02-2024

  • New Listing
    $38,998
    fair price
    $1,123 below market
    4,637 miles
    No accidents, 2 Owners, Corporate fleet vehicle
    4cyl Automatic
    CarMax Myrtle Beach - Now offering Express Pickup (145 mi away)
    Delivery available*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Myrtle Beach, SC / 145 miles away from Raleigh, NC

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    27 Combined MPG (24 City/33 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WBA73AP06MCG02892
    Stock: 25293025
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • Price Drop
    $32,520
    good price
    $1,283 below market
    40,664 miles
    No accidents, 1 Owner, Rental vehicle
    4cyl Automatic
    ALM Hyundai of Florence (134 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Upgraded Headlights
    Close

    Located in Florence, SC / 134 miles away from Raleigh, NC

    CONNECTED PKG PRO..BLIND SPOT..NAVIGATION..CRUISE CONTROL..LANE DEPART..HEATED SEATS..MOONROOF..BACKUP CAMERA..CRUISE CONTROL..BRAKE ASSIST..KEYLESS E...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    29 Combined MPG (26 City/34 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WBA53AP07MCH52307
    Stock: MCH52307
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 02-02-2024

  • Price Drop
    $33,510
    fair price
    $460 above market
    39,845 miles
    No accidents, 1 Owner, Personal use
    4cyl Automatic
    Sanford Imports (42 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Sandford, NC / 42 miles away from Raleigh, NC

    Priced below KBB Fair Purchase Price! CARFAX One-Owner. 2021 BMW 4 Series 430i xDrive Jet Black Carfax Accident Free, Leather Seats, Navigation, Bluet...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    27 Combined MPG (24 City/33 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WBA73AP03MCG10612
    Stock: 7004273
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 04-09-2024

  • $45,995
    fair price
    $1,036 above market
    27,034 miles
    No accidents, 1 Owner, Personal use
    4cyl Automatic
    Hyman Bros. Automobiles West Broad (137 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Upgraded Headlights
    Close

    Located in Richmond, VA / 137 miles away from Raleigh, NC

    Hyman Bros. accepts all trade-in's, If you have a Carmax Appraisal (We Will Beat It) We offer competitive financing in all states, If you are pre-appr...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    27 Combined MPG (24 City/33 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WBA23AT07MCG39742
    Stock: P30354
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 02-20-2024

  • 19,991 miles
    Frame damage reported, 1 Owner, Personal use
    4cyl Automatic
    Alpha Motor Sports (179 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Fredericksburg, VA / 179 miles away from Raleigh, NC

    ** M-SPORT PKG / ALL WHEEL DRIVE / LOW MILES/ FULLY LOADED / A MUST SEE **NATIONWIDE DELIVERY AVAILABLE** FINANCE RATES AS LOW AS 3.9% AND SPECIALS ON...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Title issue reported

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: Yes

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    27 Combined MPG (24 City/33 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WBA73AP03MCG01375
    Stock: S01375
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • New Listing
    12,770 miles
    No accidents, 1 Owner, Personal use
    4cyl Automatic
    Hyman Bros Infiniti of Richmond (128 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Midlothian, VA / 128 miles away from Raleigh, NC

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    27 Combined MPG (24 City/33 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WBA73AP0XMCH03708
    Stock: P30405
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 02-19-2024

  • 29,890 miles
    No accidents, 1 Owner, Personal use only
    4cyl Automatic
    Crossroads Ford of Dunn-Benson (35 mi away)
    Home delivery*
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in Dunn, NC / 35 miles away from Raleigh, NC

    Clean Carfax, 1 Owner, Local Trade, Leather Seats, Navigation, 430i, 2.0L 4-Cylinder TwinPower Turbo, 8-Speed Automatic Sport, Bluestone Metallic, Oys...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    29 Combined MPG (26 City/34 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WBA53AP00MCF33947
    Stock: E0014A
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 03-28-2024

  • 29,258 miles
    No accidents, 2 Owners, Personal use
    6cyl Automatic
    Hyman Bros Infiniti of Richmond (128 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Midlothian, VA / 128 miles away from Raleigh, NC

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    25 Combined MPG (22 City/31 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WBA13AR0XMCF64067
    Stock: V3820A
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 11-06-2023

  • New Listing
    26,314 miles
    6cyl Automatic
    CarMax Raleigh - Now offering Express Pickup and Home Delivery (10 mi away)
    Free delivery available*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Raleigh, NC / 10 miles away from Raleigh, NC

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary Unavailable.

    Features and Specs:

    25 Combined MPG (22 City/31 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WBA13AR02MCF10553
    Stock: 25788924
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • 55,246 miles
    1 Accident, 1 Owner, Personal use only
    4cyl Automatic
    RK Chevrolet (156 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Upgraded Headlights
    Close

    Located in Virginia Beach, VA / 156 miles away from Raleigh, NC

    Scores 33 Highway MPG and 24 City MPG! This BMW 4 Series boasts a Intercooled Turbo Premium Unleaded I-4 2.0 L/122 engine powering this Automatic tran...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    27 Combined MPG (24 City/33 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WBA23AT09MCG48698
    Stock: 247786A
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 04-17-2024

  • $38,998
    great price
    18,988 miles
    No accidents, 1 Owner, Personal use only
    4cyl Automatic
    CarMax (In-stock online)
    Delivery available*
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in El Paso, TX / 1,613 miles away from Raleigh, NC

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    28 Combined MPG (25 City/34 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WBA53AP04NCH73617
    Stock: 24910255
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • New Listing
    41,999 miles
    6cyl Automatic
    Radley Cadillac (180 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Fredericksburg, VA / 180 miles away from Raleigh, NC

    CARFAX One-Owner. Clean CARFAX. 22/31 City/Highway MPG Black Sapphire Metallic 2021 BMW 4 Series M440i xDrive 3.0L I6 AWD 8-Speed Automatic Sport COMI...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary Unavailable.

    Features and Specs:

    25 Combined MPG (22 City/31 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WBA13AR07MCF35268
    Stock: CAP4072
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 04-30-2024

  • $47,988
    good price
    $4,141 below market
    1,313 miles
    No accidents, 1 Owner, Personal use only
    4cyl Automatic
    Randy Marion Chevrolet Buick (129 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in Mooresville, NC / 129 miles away from Raleigh, NC

    CARFAX One-Owner. Clean CARFAX. 25/34 City/Highway MPG This Vehicle Includes the Following Options: Connected Package Pro, 10 Speakers, 4-Wheel Disc B...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    28 Combined MPG (25 City/34 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WBA53AP06RCP14202
    Stock: CH11413A
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 03-27-2024

  • Price Drop
    $47,411
    good price
    $3,886 below market
    15,683 miles
    No accidents, 1 Owner, Personal use only
    4cyl Automatic
    Valley Auto World Volkswagen (55 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in Fayetteville, NC / 55 miles away from Raleigh, NC

    CARFAX One-Owner. Clean CARFAX. Certified. Black Sapphire Metallic 2022 BMW 4 Series 430i xDrive AWD 8-Speed Automatic Sport 2.0L 4-Cylinder TwinPower...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    27 Combined MPG (23 City/33 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WBA43AT05NCJ36699
    Stock: B15580A
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 02-28-2024

  • Price Drop
    $40,995
    good price
    $3,053 below market
    3,798 miles
    No accidents, 1 Owner, Personal use
    4cyl Automatic
    Richmond BMW (138 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Richmond, VA / 138 miles away from Raleigh, NC

    ONLY 3700 MILESIntroducing the 2022 BMW 4 Series 430i xDrive, where exhilaration meets sophistication in a symphony of engineering excellence. This sl...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    27 Combined MPG (23 City/33 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WBA73AP05NCK53223
    Stock: CRBP220566
    Certified Pre-Owned: Yes
    Listed since: 11-09-2023

  • $24,917
    fair price
    $403 below market
    48,821 miles
    No accidents, 2 Owners, Personal use
    4cyl Automatic
    Capital Hyundai of Greensboro (70 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Greensboro, NC / 70 miles away from Raleigh, NC

    Capital Hyundai of Greensboro is excited to offer this wonderful 2020 BMW 4 Series Alpine White 430i xDrive including the following features:MUST SEE!...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    24 Combined MPG (21 City/31 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WBA4W5C08LFH34122
    Stock: DT8H16797A
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 03-15-2024

  • Price Drop
    $36,993
    good price
    $2,235 below market
    16,661 miles
    No accidents, 1 Owner, Rental vehicle
    4cyl Automatic
    Richmond BMW (138 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Richmond, VA / 138 miles away from Raleigh, NC

    Black Sapphire Metallic 2022 BMW 4 Series 430i xDrive AWD 8-Speed Automatic Sport 2.0L 4-Cylinder TwinPower TurboWE ARE LOCATED AT 8710 WEST BROAD ST...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    27 Combined MPG (23 City/33 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WBA73AP08NCH67425
    Stock: CRBP220569
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 03-30-2024

  • Price Drop
    $59,998
    fair price
    $2,237 below market
    2,819 miles
    No accidents, 1 Owner, Personal use only
    6cyl Automatic
    CarMax (In-stock online)
    Delivery available*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in Loveland, CO / 1,465 miles away from Raleigh, NC

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    26 Combined MPG (23 City/31 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WBA63AT08NCK73130
    Stock: 25475396
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

Showing 1 - 21 out of 292 listings

Consumer Reviews for the BMW 4 Series

Read recent reviews for the BMW 4 Series
Overall Consumer Rating
4.6 out of 5 stars26 Reviews
Write a vehicle reviewSee all 26 reviews
  • 5 star
    (77%)
  • 4 star
    (15%)
  • 3 star
    (4%)
  • 2 star
    (0%)
  • 1 star
    (4%)
5 out of 5 stars

It's simple different

Luca C, 01/11/2021
2021 BMW 4 Series M440i xDrive 2dr Coupe AWD (3.0L 6cyl Turbo gas/electric mild hybrid 8A)
Beauty is an opinion... but for sure this is different. People complain about cars w/o personality... it has a lot, as exterior, interior, and the awesome powertrain. The M440i is fantastic to drive, ready, quick and efficient too. ---- After 1 year with the M440i, I confirm everything I said. Totally satisfied ---
Report abuse

Used 2022 BMW 4 Series in Raleigh, NC Values

Estimated values
2022 BMW 4 Series M440i 2dr Convertible (3.0L 6cyl Turbo gas/electric mild hybrid 8A) with no options
ConditionTrade-InPrivate PartyDealer Retail
Outstanding$44,976$46,626$48,477
Clean$44,337$45,904$47,665
Average$43,273$44,701$46,312
Rough$41,889$43,137$44,552

The average list price of a used 2022 BMW 4 Series in Raleigh, North Carolina is $41,288. The average mileage on a used BMW 4 Series 2022 for sale in Raleigh, North Carolina is 25,647. Based on the average mileage of 25,647 for used 2022 BMW 4 Series for sale in Raleigh, NC and using an average vehicle condition rating, which means the vehicle may have a few mechanical and/or cosmetic problems and may require a considerable amount of reconditioning, we appraise the average trade-in value of a used BMW 4 Series 2022 in Raleigh, North Carolina to be $43,273.

Select Buying Experience
Filters
Skip to Results

Location

Search radius200 miles
Search radius

Make & Model

make

model

Year

to
Year

Condition

Price & Payment

292 cars
|
$32,728 avg. price
$
to
$
Price

Price Rating

Edmunds' ratings are backed by 15+ years of pricing research done by our data scientistsHow are ratings determined?We analyze millions of data points to generate our ratings. We look at vehicle configuration, options, history, nearby transactions, market pricing and more — the ratings are up-to-date and relevant to your search area.

Type

Trim

Mileage

to
Mileage

Vehicle History

Engine & Drivetrain

Transmission

Engine Type

Drivetrain

Cylinders

Exterior Color

Interior Color

Total Seating

Features

Comfort & Convenience

Safety

Engine & Exterior

Entertainment

Options & Packages

MPG

to
MPG

Vehicle Listing Details


* Delivery of any kind does not apply to Alaska and Hawaii. Contact the dealer for delivery details, restrictions and costs.