Skip to main content
Skip to Filters
411 listings
  • 54,900 miles
    No accidents, 2 Owners, Personal use only
    4cyl Automatic
    USA Direct Auto (300 mi away)
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • USB Inputs
    • Trip Computer
    • Rear Bench Seats
    • Stability Control
    Close

    Located in Houston, TX / 300 miles away from Brownsville, TX

    2018 Kia Rio LX Clean CARFAX. CARFAX One-Owner. Black Cloth. 28/37 City/Highway MPG Aurora Black 2018 Kia 4D Hatchback Rio LX 6-Speed Automatic 1....

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    32 Combined MPG (28 City/37 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 3KPA25AB3JE088675
    Stock: 088675
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 04-09-2024

  • 52,030 miles
    No accidents, 2 Owners, Corporate fleet vehicle
    4cyl Automatic
    CarMax Plano - Now offering Express Pickup and Home Delivery (491 mi away)
    Delivery available*
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Leather Seats
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • USB Inputs
    Close

    Located in Plano, TX / 491 miles away from Brownsville, TX

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    32 Combined MPG (28 City/37 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 3KPA25AB1JE056338
    Stock: 25551958
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • 45,047 miles
    No accidents, 2 Owners, Rental vehicle
    4cyl Automatic
    EchoPark Automotive Dallas (Grand Prairie) (466 mi away)
    Five Star Dealer
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Upgraded Headlights
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • USB Inputs
    Close

    Located in Grand Prairie, TX / 466 miles away from Brownsville, TX

    At EchoPark, it’s all about offering you options for a happy experience. We have thousands of new-to-you makes and models that range from sedans to tr...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    32 Combined MPG (28 City/37 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 3KPA25AB7KE177084
    Stock: RKE177084
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 04-12-2024

  • 33,244 miles
    2 Accidents, 2 Owners, Personal use only
    4cyl Automatic
    Gay Family Kia (283 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • USB Inputs
    • Apple Carplay/Androi...
    Close

    Located in Dickinson, TX / 283 miles away from Brownsville, TX

    Certified. Aurora Black 2019 Kia Rio S FWD 6-Speed Automatic 1.6L I4 DGI 16V Kia Certified Pre-Owned Certified, Black Cloth, Exterior Parking Camera R...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    32 Combined MPG (28 City/37 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 3KPA25ABXKE209719
    Stock: KU16300
    Certified Pre-Owned: Yes
    Listed since: 04-02-2024

  • 28,325 miles
    No accidents, 1 Owner, Personal use only
    4cyl Automatic
    CarMax Garland - Now offering Express Pickup and Home Delivery (481 mi away)
    Delivery available*
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • USB Inputs
    • Apple Carplay/Androi...
    Close

    Located in Garland, TX / 481 miles away from Brownsville, TX

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    32 Combined MPG (28 City/37 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 3KPA25AB5KE201902
    Stock: 25470710
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • $6,995
    great price
    108,685 miles
    1 Accident, 2 Owners, Personal use only
    4cyl Automatic
    Race Auto Sales (247 mi away)
    • Bluetooth
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • USB Inputs
    • Trip Computer
    • Rear Bench Seats
    Close

    Located in San Antonio, TX / 247 miles away from Brownsville, TX

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    31 Combined MPG (27 City/37 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: KNADM4A32G6573492
    Stock: 3492
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • $10,691
    fair price
    61,238 miles
    No accidents, 3 Owners, Corporate fleet vehicle
    4cyl Automatic
    AutoNation Chrysler Dodge Jeep Ram Spring (311 mi away)
    Five Star Dealer
    • Bluetooth
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • USB Inputs
    • Trip Computer
    • Rear Bench Seats
    Close

    Located in Spring, TX / 311 miles away from Brownsville, TX

    The following items have been reconditioned on this vehicle: new brakes and all new tires! Carpet Floor Mat Beige; Woven Cloth Seat Trim Clear Whit...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    31 Combined MPG (27 City/37 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: KNADM4A35G6579139
    Stock: G6579139
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 04-23-2024

  • $9,985
    fair price
    72,904 miles
    1 Accident, 2 Owners, Rental vehicle
    4cyl Automatic
    AutoNation Ford Frisco (496 mi away)
    • Bluetooth
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • USB Inputs
    • Trip Computer
    • Rear Bench Seats
    Close

    Located in Frisco, TX / 496 miles away from Brownsville, TX

    Carpet Floor Mat Beige; Woven Cloth Seat Trim Bright Silver Metallic This vehicle includes a Money-Back Guarantee* and passed our precise inspection...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    31 Combined MPG (27 City/37 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: KNADM4A34G6603852
    Stock: G6603852
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 04-08-2024

  • 65,922 miles
    Frame damage reported, 3 Owners, Corporate fleet vehicle
    4cyl Automatic
    Driveline Autoplex LLC (482 mi away)
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • USB Inputs
    • Trip Computer
    • Rear Bench Seats
    • Stability Control
    Close

    Located in Dallas, TX / 482 miles away from Brownsville, TX

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Title issue reported

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: Yes

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    32 Combined MPG (28 City/37 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 3KPA24AB7JE063028
    Stock: 063028
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 12-02-2023

  • Price Drop
    $14,998
    good price
    $764 below market
    32,410 miles
    No accidents, 6 Owners, Personal use only
    4cyl Automatic
    CarMax (In-stock online)
    Delivery available*
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Leather Seats
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • USB Inputs
    Close

    Located in Ocola, FL / 959 miles away from Brownsville, TX

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    32 Combined MPG (28 City/37 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 3KPA25AB0JE044570
    Stock: 25626587
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • $11,498
    fair price
    78,201 miles
    No accidents, 2 Owners, Personal use only
    4cyl Automatic
    HGreg.com Houston (287 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • USB Inputs
    • Alarm
    Close

    Located in Houston, TX / 287 miles away from Brownsville, TX

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    32 Combined MPG (28 City/37 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 3KPA24ABXJE062469
    Stock: E062469
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 04-28-2024

  • $15,998
    fair price
    $1,066 above market
    8,690 miles
    No accidents, 3 Owners, Personal use only
    4cyl Manual
    CarMax (In-stock online)
    Delivery available*
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • USB Inputs
    • Trip Computer
    • Rear Bench Seats
    • Stability Control
    Close

    Located in Hoover, AL / 817 miles away from Brownsville, TX

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    32 Combined MPG (29 City/37 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 3KPA24AB1JE071982
    Stock: 25627080
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • Stock photo**
    $11,114
    fair price
    84,719 miles
    No accidents, 3 Owners, Corporate fleet vehicle
    4cyl Automatic
    Robbins Nissan (310 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • USB Inputs
    • Alarm
    Close

    Located in Humble, TX / 310 miles away from Brownsville, TX

    Robbins Nissan is honored to present a wonderful example of pure vehicle design... this 2018 Kia Rio LX only has 84,719mi on it and could potentially ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    32 Combined MPG (28 City/37 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 3KPA24AB8JE082137
    Stock: 19483
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 03-22-2024

  • 89,182 miles
    No accidents, 1 Owner, Personal use only
    4cyl Automatic
    Corpus Christi DriveTime (121 mi away)
    • Bluetooth
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • USB Inputs
    • Trip Computer
    • Rear Bench Seats
    Close

    Located in Corpus Christi, TX / 121 miles away from Brownsville, TX

    GENIUS TOOLS AND VEHICLE BENEFITS: Experience the Genius Way to Buy a Car at DriveTime with true online financing terms, no haggle pricing and a press...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    31 Combined MPG (27 City/37 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: KNADM4A30G6585172
    Stock: 1380083780
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 03-29-2024

  • $9,777
    fair price
    104,386 miles
    No accidents, 2 Owners, Personal use only
    4cyl Manual
    Trophy Nissan (479 mi away)
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • USB Inputs
    • Trip Computer
    • Rear Bench Seats
    • Stability Control
    Close

    Located in Mesquite, TX / 479 miles away from Brownsville, TX

    Clean CARFAX.Recent Arrival! great deal.... As Is sale....Clear White 2018 Kia Rio LX FWD 6-Speed Automatic

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    32 Combined MPG (29 City/37 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 3KPA24AB4JE059485
    Stock: JE059485A
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 04-13-2024

  • 35,829 miles
    No accidents, 1 Owner, Personal use only
    4cyl Automatic
    Mission Mitsubishi (256 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • USB Inputs
    • Apple Carplay/Androi...
    Close

    Located in San Antonio, TX / 256 miles away from Brownsville, TX

    Call Mission Mitsubishi At (210) 342-2886 or Toll Free (877) 258-1905! This vehicle was engineered to be both economically and environmentally friendl...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: Yes

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    36 Combined MPG (33 City/41 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 3KPA24AD7LE328180
    Stock: RU005421A
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 04-25-2024

  • 53,200 miles
    No accidents, 1 Owner, Personal use only
    4cyl Automatic
    Driveway (478 mi away)
    Home delivery*
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • USB Inputs
    • Apple Carplay/Androi...
    Close

    Located in Mesquite, TX / 478 miles away from Brownsville, TX

    CarFax No Accidents Reported,CarFax 1-Owner,Rare Find,Apple CarPlay,Back-Up Camera,Bluetooth,Brake Assist,4 Cylinder Engine,A/C,ABS,Adjustable Steerin...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: Yes

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    36 Combined MPG (33 City/41 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 3KPA24AD8LE259645
    Stock: LE259645Q
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • New Listing
    4,234 miles
    No accidents, 1 Owner, Personal use only
    4cyl Automatic
    Carvana - San Antonio (249 mi away)
    Free home delivery*
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • USB Inputs
    • Apple Carplay/Androi...
    Close

    Located in San Antonio, TX / 249 miles away from Brownsville, TX

    At Carvana, we go miles beyond the extra mile. That's why we provide you with a convenient, fast, and hassle-free car buying experience that puts you ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    36 Combined MPG (33 City/41 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 3KPA24AD0LE311947
    Stock: 2002859122
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 04-11-2024

  • $13,999
    fair price
    56,321 miles
    No accidents, 6 Owners, Corporate fleet vehicle
    4cyl Automatic
    Nexcar (310 mi away)
    • Bluetooth
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • USB Inputs
    • Trip Computer
    • Rear Bench Seats
    Close

    Located in Spring, TX / 310 miles away from Brownsville, TX

    LET'S DEAL *HASSLE FREE PRICING **YOU MUST ASK FOR THE INTERNET SALES DEPARTMENT TO GET THIS PRICING WHICH IS THE CASH PRICE OR TO MAKE AN OFF...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    31 Combined MPG (27 City/37 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: KNADN4A3XG6565587
    Stock: G6565587R
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 04-27-2024

  • $10,800
    fair price
    $466 below market
    94,414 miles
    1 Accident, 3 Owners, Personal use only
    4cyl Automatic
    Driveway (In-stock online)
    Home delivery*
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • USB Inputs
    • Alarm
    Close

    Located in Newport News, VA / 1,450 miles away from Brownsville, TX

    Rare Find,Back-Up Camera,Bluetooth,Brake Assist,Satellite Radio,4 Cylinder Engine,6-Speed A/T,A/C,ABS,Adjustable Steering Wheel,AM/FM Stereo,Automatic...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    32 Combined MPG (28 City/37 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 3KPA24ABXJE050547
    Stock: JE050547P
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • 56,429 miles
    Frame damage reported, 1 Owner, Personal use only
    4cyl Automatic
    TX Auto Group (288 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • USB Inputs
    • Apple Carplay/Androi...
    Close

    Located in Houston, TX / 288 miles away from Brownsville, TX

    Have a look at this One Owner, Super Clean, Serviced, & Non Smoker 2020 Kia Rio LX Economy Sedan with Clear White Exterior Paint over Black Cloth Inte...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Title issue reported

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: Yes

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    36 Combined MPG (33 City/41 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 3KPA24AD6LE357525
    Stock: 357525-TX
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

Showing 1 - 21 out of 411 listings

Consumer Reviews for the Kia Rio

Read recent reviews for the Kia Rio
Overall Consumer Rating
4.7 out of 5 stars13 Reviews
Write a vehicle reviewSee all 13 reviews
  • 5 star
    (69%)
  • 4 star
    (31%)
  • 3 star
    (0%)
  • 2 star
    (0%)
  • 1 star
    (0%)
5 out of 5 stars

Rated in consideration of the price

Sean O’Connor, 07/29/2018
2018 Kia Rio LX 4dr Sedan (1.6L 4cyl 6M)
This vehicle was the least expensive car for which I could fit. It drives like a small Audi. The it is very comfortable for a 6” 275 pound car fanatic. I’ve owned Lexus, Acura, Honda, GMC sedans and SUVs, Toyota, Volvo, VW and Chrysler, sedans a Miata and a Chevy Silverado. Never drawn to Fords interior or driving dynamics, tried, never took. This 2018 Kia Rio is worth more than I paid. … If it is as reliable as the warranty suggest, it will be the best money I’ve ever spent. It gets hybrid level gas mileage, it is fun to drive mostly due to the manual 6 speed. Handles like a much more expensive brand and very comfortable, secure handling. I can understand why Kia sells over 200,000 of these WW.
Report abuse

Used 2018 Kia Rio in Brownsville, TX Values

Estimated values
2018 Kia Rio LX 4dr Hatchback (1.6L 4cyl 6A) with no options
ConditionTrade-InPrivate PartyDealer Retail
Outstanding$10,226$12,279$14,108
Clean$9,838$11,806$13,557
Average$9,191$11,018$12,638
Rough$8,350$9,993$11,444

The average list price of a used 2018 Kia Rio in Brownsville, Texas is $12,928. The average mileage on a used Kia Rio 2018 for sale in Brownsville, Texas is 58,110. Based on the average mileage of 58,110 for used 2018 Kia Rio for sale in Brownsville, TX and using an average vehicle condition rating, which means the vehicle may have a few mechanical and/or cosmetic problems and may require a considerable amount of reconditioning, we appraise the average trade-in value of a used Kia Rio 2018 in Brownsville, Texas to be $9,191.

Select Buying Experience
Filters
Skip to Results

Location

Search radius500 miles
Search radius

Make & Model

make

model

Year

to
Year

Condition

Price & Payment

411 cars
|
$15,455 avg. price
$
to
$
Price

Price Rating

Edmunds' ratings are backed by 15+ years of pricing research done by our data scientistsHow are ratings determined?We analyze millions of data points to generate our ratings. We look at vehicle configuration, options, history, nearby transactions, market pricing and more — the ratings are up-to-date and relevant to your search area.

Type

Trim

Mileage

to
Mileage

Vehicle History

Engine & Drivetrain

Transmission

Engine Type

Drivetrain

Cylinders

Exterior Color

Interior Color

Total Seating

Features

Comfort & Convenience

Safety

Engine & Exterior

Entertainment

Options & Packages

MPG

to
MPG

Vehicle Listing Details


* Delivery of any kind does not apply to Alaska and Hawaii. Contact the dealer for delivery details, restrictions and costs.