Skip to main content
Skip to Filters
508 listings
  • Price Drop
    $26,071
    great price
    $2,074 below market
    75,012 miles
    No accidents, 1 Owner, Personal use only
    4cyl Automatic
    BMW of Silver Spring (22 mi away)
    Five Star Dealer
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    Close

    Located in Silver Spring, MD / 22 miles away from Clarksburg, MD

    2019 Volvo XC90 T6 Momentum Denim Blue Metallic Certified. CARFAX One-Owner. Clean CARFAX.Certification Program Details: Mile One Certified, this vehi...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    22 Combined MPG (19 City/26 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: YV4A22PK8K1511841
    Stock: T41176A
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 04-24-2024

  • $33,998
    fair price
    $335 below market
    33,392 miles
    No accidents, 2 Owners, Corporate fleet vehicle
    4cyl Automatic
    CarMax Dulles - Now offering Express Pickup and Home Delivery (19 mi away)
    Free delivery available*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    Close

    Located in Sterling, VA / 19 miles away from Clarksburg, MD

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    22 Combined MPG (19 City/26 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: YV4A22PK2K1423593
    Stock: 25602520
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • $21,400
    fair price
    $241 above market
    109,730 miles
    No accidents, 2 Owners, Personal use
    4cyl Automatic
    Lexus of Wilmington (98 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    Close

    Located in Wilmington, DE / 98 miles away from Clarksburg, MD

    AWD, charcoal Leather. Clean CARFAX. AWD Automatic with Geartronic I4 *Your additional costs are tax, tag, title, registration, and electronic filin...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    22 Combined MPG (19 City/26 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: YV4A22PK2K1459834
    Stock: RU459834
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 04-22-2024

  • $35,998
    fair price
    $812 above market
    29,576 miles
    1 Accident, 1 Owner, Personal use
    4cyl Automatic
    CarMax White Marsh - Now offering Express Pickup (45 mi away)
    Free delivery available*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    Close

    Located in White Marsh, MD / 45 miles away from Clarksburg, MD

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    22 Combined MPG (19 City/26 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: YV4A22PK0K1471318
    Stock: 25670913
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • 68,517 miles
    No accidents, 2 Owners, Personal use
    4cyl Automatic
    CarMax White Marsh - Now offering Express Pickup (45 mi away)
    Free delivery available*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    Close

    Located in White Marsh, MD / 45 miles away from Clarksburg, MD

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    22 Combined MPG (19 City/26 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: YV4A22PK4K1441898
    Stock: 25478087
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • Price Drop
    28,962 miles
    No accidents, 1 Owner, Personal use
    4cyl Automatic
    Koons Volvo Cars of White Marsh (45 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    Close

    Located in White Marsh, MD / 45 miles away from Clarksburg, MD

    *VOLVO CERTIFIED with UNLIMITED MILEAGE WARRANTY* **Advanced Pkg**21" Wheels**Ht'd Leather**NAV**Pano Roof** Great 2019 Volvo XC90 Hybrid T8 Momentum...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    25 Combined MPG (24 City/27 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: YV4BR0CK5K1484284
    Stock: 00004188
    Certified Pre-Owned: Yes
    Listed since: 05-05-2024

  • 72,886 miles
    1 Accident, 1 Owner, Personal use only
    4cyl Automatic
    Platinum Preowned (67 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Third-row seating
    Close

    Located in Carlisle, PA / 67 miles away from Clarksburg, MD

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    24 Combined MPG (21 City/29 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: YV4102PK1K1420819
    Stock: 12789
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 01-31-2024

  • $21,985
    great price
    $4,196 below market
    67,560 miles
    4cyl Automatic
    Hampstead Pre-Owned (33 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    Close

    Located in Hampstead, MD / 33 miles away from Clarksburg, MD

    Our 2018 XC90 features an automatic transmission, power sunroof, back-up camera, navigation, heated seats, and brown leather seats! Tune the radio bet...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary Unavailable.

    Features and Specs:

    23 Combined MPG (20 City/27 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: YV4A22PK7J1341678
    Stock: VGA341678
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 04-11-2024

  • Price Drop
    27,509 miles
    No accidents, 1 Owner, Personal use
    4cyl Automatic
    CarMax Newark - Now offering Express Pickup (88 mi away)
    Delivery available*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    Close

    Located in Newark, DE / 88 miles away from Clarksburg, MD

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    21 Combined MPG (18 City/26 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: YV4A221L2L1567082
    Stock: 25838409
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • New Listing
    28,695 miles
    No accidents, 2 Owners, Personal use
    4cyl Automatic
    CarMax Laurel - Now offering Express Pickup (26 mi away)
    Free delivery available*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    Close

    Located in Laurel, MD / 26 miles away from Clarksburg, MD

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    21 Combined MPG (18 City/26 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: YV4A22PK2L1559465
    Stock: 24779624
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • Price Drop
    $28,828
    fair price
    $1,371 below market
    41,147 miles
    No accidents, 2 Owners, Personal use
    4cyl Automatic
    Volvo Cars of Bethesda (21 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    Close

    Located in Bethesda, MD / 21 miles away from Clarksburg, MD

    2018 Volvo XC90 T6 Momentum AWD Osmium Gray Metallic NAVIGATION/GPS, PANORAMIC SUNROOF, BACK UP CAMERA, HEATED FRONT SEATS, HEATED STEERING WHEEL, BLI...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    23 Combined MPG (20 City/27 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: YV4A22PK0J1217610
    Stock: P16992
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 04-30-2024

  • New Listing
    $30,998
    fair price
    $1,179 below market
    36,167 miles
    No accidents, 2 Owners, Personal use
    4cyl Automatic
    CarMax Brandywine - Now offering Express Pickup (46 mi away)
    Free delivery available*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    Close

    Located in Brandywine, MD / 46 miles away from Clarksburg, MD

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    23 Combined MPG (20 City/27 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: YV4A22PKXJ1213659
    Stock: 25282424
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • Price Drop
    $28,998
    fair price
    $477 below market
    50,020 miles
    No accidents, 1 Owner, Personal use
    4cyl Automatic
    CarMax Dulles - Now offering Express Pickup and Home Delivery (19 mi away)
    Free delivery available*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    Close

    Located in Sterling, VA / 19 miles away from Clarksburg, MD

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    23 Combined MPG (20 City/27 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: YV4A22PK9J1320346
    Stock: 25749582
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • 16,860 miles
    No accidents, 3 Owners, Personal use
    4cyl Automatic
    Beyer Mazda (50 mi away)
    Home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    Close

    Located in Winchester, VA / 50 miles away from Clarksburg, MD

    ONE OWNER, CLEAN VEHICLE HISTORY...NO ACCIDENTS, AWD, Leather, 360 Degree Surroundview Camera, 3rd row seats: bucket, Advanced Package, Apple CarPlay/...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    21 Combined MPG (18 City/26 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: YV4A22PK9L1562993
    Stock: P8385Z
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 04-17-2024

  • Price Drop
    11,671 miles
    No accidents, 1 Owner, Personal use
    4cyl Automatic
    Mercedes-Benz of Hunt Valley (37 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    Close

    Located in Cockeysville, MD / 37 miles away from Clarksburg, MD

    Panoramic Roof Bursting Blue Metallic Leather Seats Navigation System 3rd Row Seat Lane Keeping Assist Keyless Start Rear Spoiler Charcoal; Nappa Leat...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    21 Combined MPG (18 City/26 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: YV4A22PM9L1587166
    Stock: L1587166
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 03-26-2024

  • Price Drop
    48,835 miles
    No accidents, 1 Owner, Personal use
    4cyl Automatic
    Volvo Cars of Bethesda (21 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    Close

    Located in Bethesda, MD / 21 miles away from Clarksburg, MD

    2020 Volvo XC90 T6 Inscription AWD Thunder Gray NAVIGATION/GPS, MOONROOF/SUNROOF, PANORAMIC SUNROOF, BACK UP CAMERA, HEATED FRONT SEATS, HEATED STEERI...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    21 Combined MPG (18 City/26 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: YV4A22PL6L1614072
    Stock: P16993
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 04-29-2024

  • $19,900
    fair price
    $994 below market
    99,101 miles
    1 Accident, 2 Owners, Corporate fleet vehicle
    4cyl Automatic
    Wind Rider Auto Outlet (41 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    Close

    Located in Woodbridge, VA / 41 miles away from Clarksburg, MD

    2018 VOLVO XC90 T6 MOMENTUM AWD w/ 3RD ROW!! *Clean Carfax* *Passed VA safety inspection* *NAV* *Blind spot assist* *Back-up camera* *Parking sensors*...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    23 Combined MPG (20 City/27 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: YV4A22PK1J1190546
    Stock: 34400
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • $33,998
    fair price
    $281 above market
    49,639 miles
    No accidents, 1 Owner, Personal use only
    4cyl Automatic
    CarMax Dulles - Now offering Express Pickup and Home Delivery (19 mi away)
    Free delivery available*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in Sterling, VA / 19 miles away from Clarksburg, MD

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    23 Combined MPG (20 City/27 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: YV4102PK4L1552698
    Stock: 25749975
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • 30,816 miles
    No accidents, 1 Owner, Personal use
    4cyl Automatic
    Koons Volvo Cars of White Marsh (45 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    Close

    Located in White Marsh, MD / 45 miles away from Clarksburg, MD

    *VOLVO CERTIFIED with UNLIMITED MILEAGE WARRANTY* **1-Owner**Climate Pkg**21" Wheels**6-Seat**Ht'd Leather** Great 1-Owner just Off-Lease 2021 Volvo ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    22 Combined MPG (19 City/28 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: YV4A221K7M1734836
    Stock: 00004128
    Certified Pre-Owned: Yes
    Listed since: 04-01-2024

  • 45,870 miles
    No accidents, 1 Owner, Personal use only
    4cyl Automatic
    Lexus of Towson (37 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    Close

    Located in Towson, MD / 37 miles away from Clarksburg, MD

    2020 Volvo XC90 T6 Momentum Thunder Gray AWD Automatic with Geartronic I4AWD, Charcoal Leather, 10 Speakers, 3rd row seats: bucket, 4-Wheel Disc Brake...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    21 Combined MPG (18 City/26 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: YV4A22PK7L1583664
    Stock: Y30583A
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 04-30-2024

  • $28,995
    great price
    $6,531 below market
    73,755 miles
    No accidents, 1 Owner, Corporate fleet vehicle
    4cyl Automatic
    National Motors of Ellicott City (25 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    Close

    Located in Ellicott City, MD / 25 miles away from Clarksburg, MD

    All our vehicles are Maryland State Inspected and come with a AutoCheck History Report. We are proud to include a limited warranty on all cars at no a...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    22 Combined MPG (19 City/28 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: YV4A22PLXM1712443
    Stock: 712443
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 09-06-2023

Showing 1 - 21 out of 508 listings

Consumer Reviews for the Volvo XC90

Read recent reviews for the Volvo XC90
Overall Consumer Rating
3.6 out of 5 stars31 Reviews
Write a vehicle reviewSee all 31 reviews
  • 5 star
    (45%)
  • 4 star
    (16%)
  • 3 star
    (13%)
  • 2 star
    (3%)
  • 1 star
    (23%)
5 out of 5 stars

After a great disappointment with LR Velar

Amarilis Riveron, 08/05/2018
2019 Volvo XC90 T6 Inscription 4dr SUV AWD (2.0L 4cyl Twincharger 8A)
I owned 2013 MDX, overall I was very happy. Started looking for new car but I didn’t want to get the same MDX, they are planning to bring back a new one by 2020. So, started my research, I drove the Q7, Atlas, X5, RX, MKT. They are all good cars, all depends what are you looking for. I saw a Land Rover Velar and I fall in love, the futuristic layout interior and exterior was the breaking … point, I WAS WRONG, after 3 weeks with the Velar, spent 2 with a Loner. Definitely something was wrong about the car. So I took a hard decision, need a new car now, I will loose money but is better than drive a car that you are not safe. I went back to my list and looked into the volvo xc90, there were mixed reviews but decided to get a test drive, the dealer was very nice and let me drive the car for a day, by the end of that day I had made my mind. I had now my volvo for 2 month, loved. There is not other brand that give you so many safety features for the money, and they actually work very well. The interior is one of the best in his class, sitting very confortable even for the third. Exterior is styling and unique, the ride is good, could be bumpy in some roads, but no far from his other competitor. I got the top trim. Love it.
Report abuse
Select Buying Experience
Filters
Skip to Results

Location

Search radius100 miles
Search radius

Make & Model

make

model

Year

to
Year

Condition

Price & Payment

508 cars
|
$36,512 avg. price
$
to
$
Price

Price Rating

Edmunds' ratings are backed by 15+ years of pricing research done by our data scientistsHow are ratings determined?We analyze millions of data points to generate our ratings. We look at vehicle configuration, options, history, nearby transactions, market pricing and more — the ratings are up-to-date and relevant to your search area.

Trim

Mileage

to
Mileage

Vehicle History

Electric Vehicle Details

EPA Range

For new vehicles, this is the distance you can expect to travel on a full charge. EPA advises this range should be used for comparison purposes only. Actual range will vary depending on the condition of this vehicle’s battery pack, how you drive, driving conditions and other factors.
to
EPA Range

Engine & Drivetrain

Transmission

Engine Type

Drivetrain

Cylinders

Exterior Color

Interior Color

Total Seating

Features

Comfort & Convenience

Safety

Engine & Exterior

Entertainment

Options & Packages

MPG

to
MPG

Vehicle Listing Details


* Delivery of any kind does not apply to Alaska and Hawaii. Contact the dealer for delivery details, restrictions and costs.