Skip to main content
Skip to Filters
1,676 listings
    • 69,817 miles
    • 1 accident, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 28 City / 38 Hwy MPG
    • CarMax (In-stock online)
    • Transfer available from GA to TN*
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • USB Inputs
    • Alarm
    • Trip Computer
    • Rear Bench Seats
    Close

    Located in Stockbridge, GA / 345 miles away from Memphis, TN

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: Yes

    Features and Specs:

    32 Combined MPG (28 City/38 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 5NPDH4AE8GH717643
    Stock: 27466443
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • New Listing
    • 124,556 miles
    • 1 accident, 2 owners, personal use only
    • 28 City / 38 Hwy MPG
    • CarMax (In-stock online)
    • Transfer available from NC to TN*
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • USB Inputs
    • Alarm
    • Trip Computer
    • Rear Bench Seats
    Close

    Located in Fayetteville, NC / 628 miles away from Memphis, TN

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: Yes

    Features and Specs:

    32 Combined MPG (28 City/38 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 5NPDH4AE6GH745909
    Stock: 26982686
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

    • 123,078 miles
    • 1 accident, 3 owners, rental vehicle
    • 28 City / 38 Hwy MPG
    • Autovada (157 mi away)
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • USB Inputs
    • Alarm
    • Trip Computer
    • Rear Bench Seats
    Close

    Located in Cape Girardeau, MO / 157 miles away from Memphis, TN

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    32 Combined MPG (28 City/38 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 5NPDH4AE5GH754309
    Stock: 754309
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 06-10-2025

    • 120,000 miles
    • No accidents, 6 owners, rental vehicle
    • 28 City / 38 Hwy MPG
    • CAR-MART of Florence (137 mi away)
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • USB Inputs
    • Alarm
    • Trip Computer
    • Rear Bench Seats
    Close

    Located in Florence, AL / 137 miles away from Memphis, TN

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    32 Combined MPG (28 City/38 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 5NPDH4AE0GH701162
    Stock: 139005505
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 07-15-2025

    • 125,434 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, corporate fleet vehicle
    • 28 City / 38 Hwy MPG
    • Auto Credit Xpress - Sherwood (121 mi away)
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • USB Inputs
    • Alarm
    • Trip Computer
    • Rear Bench Seats
    Close

    Located in Sherwood, AR / 121 miles away from Memphis, TN

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    32 Combined MPG (28 City/38 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 5NPDH4AE5GH760563
    Stock: 760563
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 06-28-2025

  • New Listing
    • 96,804 miles
    • No accidents, 3 owners, personal use only
    • 28 City / 38 Hwy MPG
    • Orr Nissan Of Russellville (172 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    Close

    Located in Russellville, AR / 172 miles away from Memphis, TN

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    32 Combined MPG (28 City/38 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 5NPDH4AE2GH789275
    Stock: 5186747B
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 07-22-2025

  • $5,995
    great price
    $2,021 below market
    • 129,892 miles
    • No accidents, 3 owners, rental vehicle
    • 28 City / 38 Hwy MPG
    • Mobyzone Auto (199 mi away)
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • USB Inputs
    • Alarm
    • Trip Computer
    • Rear Bench Seats
    Close

    Located in Joelton, TN / 199 miles away from Memphis, TN

    Mobyzone Auto LLC Mobyzone Auto 7150 Whites Creek Pike Joelton , TN 37080 6**-2**-6*** Visit Mobyzone Auto LLC to shop our great deals. You can co...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    32 Combined MPG (28 City/38 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 5NPDH4AE0FH574802
    Stock: 574802
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 04-18-2025

    • 92,000 miles
    • 1 accident, 2 owners, rental vehicle
    • 28 City / 38 Hwy MPG
    • CAR-MART of Columbus (143 mi away)
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • USB Inputs
    • Alarm
    • Trip Computer
    • Rear Bench Seats
    Close

    Located in Columbus, MS / 143 miles away from Memphis, TN

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    32 Combined MPG (28 City/38 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 5NPDH4AE9GH705257
    Stock: 125011828
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 06-24-2025

  • Photos not available
    $9,500
    great price
    $2,863 below market
    • 88,148 miles
    • 1 accident, 2 owners, personal use only
    • 29 City / 38 Hwy MPG
    • OB Auto (17 mi away)
    • Bluetooth
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • USB Inputs
    • Alarm
    • Trip Computer
    Close

    Located in Olive Branch, MS / 17 miles away from Memphis, TN

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    33 Combined MPG (29 City/38 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: KMHD74LF6HU423671
    Stock: 423671
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 05-27-2025

  • Photos not available
    • 75,737 miles
    • 1 accident, 2 owners, personal use only
    • 28 City / 37 Hwy MPG
    • Serra Chevrolet Buick GMC (80 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Blind Spot Monitorin...
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • USB Inputs
    Close

    Located in Jackson, TN / 80 miles away from Memphis, TN

    Recent Arrival! 28/37 City/Highway MPG Machine Gray 2018 Hyundai Elantra SEL 4D Sedan 2.0L 4-Cylinder DOHC 16V 6-Speed Automatic with Shiftronic FWD S...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    32 Combined MPG (28 City/37 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 5NPD84LF5JH342405
    Stock: P37184B
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 07-23-2025

  • $8,198
    good price
    $2,284 below market
    • 131,502 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, corporate fleet vehicle
    • 29 City / 38 Hwy MPG
    • Front Line Direct Auto Sales (79 mi away)
    • Bluetooth
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • USB Inputs
    • Alarm
    • Trip Computer
    Close

    Located in Corinth, MS / 79 miles away from Memphis, TN

    2017 Hyundai Elantra SE For sale - Only 131k Miles - $0 down with good credit or $2000 down with bad or no credit! (Guaranteed Credit Approval) This s...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    33 Combined MPG (29 City/38 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 5NPD84LF4HH122618
    Stock: 16886
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 07-22-2025

  • $9,999
    good price
    $2,299 below market
    • 95,810 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 29 City / 38 Hwy MPG
    • BMW Certified Pre-Owned Nashville (199 mi away)
    • Bluetooth
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • USB Inputs
    • Alarm
    • Trip Computer
    Close

    Located in Nashville, TN / 199 miles away from Memphis, TN

    This 2017 Hyundai Elantra SE (***ONE OWNER***) comes complete with features such as POPULAR EQUIPMENT PACKAGE, Rearview Camera, 7-inch screen, Android...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    33 Combined MPG (29 City/38 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: KMHD84LF3HU388908
    Stock: IHU388908
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 07-22-2025

  • $6,995
    good price
    $1,401 below market
    • 121,669 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, rental vehicle
    • 28 City / 38 Hwy MPG
    • Victory Auto Sales (13 mi away)
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • USB Inputs
    • Alarm
    • Trip Computer
    • Rear Bench Seats
    Close

    Located in Memphis, TN / 13 miles away from Memphis, TN

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    32 Combined MPG (28 City/38 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 5NPDH4AE4FH633852
    Stock: 8061
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 10-19-2023

  • New Listing
    $9,695
    good price
    $1,703 below market
    • 90,908 miles
    • 1 accident, 2 owners, corporate fleet vehicle
    • 28 City / 37 Hwy MPG
    • Driveway (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in Eatontown, NJ / 946 miles away from Memphis, TN

    Rare Find,Apple CarPlay,Back-Up Camera,Blind Spot Monitor,Bluetooth,Brake Assist,Hands-Free Liftgate,Heated Seats,Keyless Start,Lane Departure Warning...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    32 Combined MPG (28 City/37 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 5NPD84LF7HH020410
    Stock: HH020410T
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • $12,990
    fair price
    $1,030 above market
    • 74,722 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, rental vehicle
    • 29 City / 38 Hwy MPG
    • Carvana (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • Bluetooth
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • USB Inputs
    • Alarm
    • Trip Computer
    Close

    Located in Phoenix, AZ / 1,257 miles away from Memphis, TN

    At Carvana, we go miles beyond the extra mile. That's why we provide you with a convenient, fast, and hassle-free car buying experience that puts you ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    33 Combined MPG (29 City/38 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 5NPD74LF3HH148937
    Stock: 2003783528
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 06-21-2025

  • $12,991
    fair price
    $477 below market
    • 74,014 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use only
    • 29 City / 38 Hwy MPG
    • Homer Skelton Ford (14 mi away)
    • Bluetooth
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • USB Inputs
    • Alarm
    • Trip Computer
    Close

    Located in Olive Branch, MS / 14 miles away from Memphis, TN

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    33 Combined MPG (29 City/38 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: KMHD84LF5HU064908
    Stock: P4833
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 03-22-2025

  • New Listing
    $8,013
    good price
    $1,431 below market
    • 106,709 miles
    • 4 accidents, 2 owners, personal use only
    • 24 City / 35 Hwy MPG
    • Driveway (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in Ramsey, NJ / 959 miles away from Memphis, TN

    Rare Find,Back-Up Camera,Bluetooth,Brake Assist,Heated Seats,Keyless Start,Leather Seats,Navigation System,Premium Sound,Satellite Radio,Sunroof / Moo...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    28 Combined MPG (24 City/35 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: KMHDH4AH7FU426240
    Stock: L17530P
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • New Listing
    $6,995
    fair price
    $795 below market
    • 136,158 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, corporate fleet vehicle
    • 27 City / 37 Hwy MPG
    • Best Buy Auto Sales (192 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Leather Seats
    • Power Driver Seat
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    Close

    Located in Murphysboro, IL / 192 miles away from Memphis, TN

    New battery New oil and filter full synthetic New rear brake pads New sway bar links New front tires Read More

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    31 Combined MPG (27 City/37 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 5NPDH4AE5FH641488
    Stock: 641488
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 07-29-2025

    • 120,920 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use
    • 29 City / 38 Hwy MPG
    • Driveway (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • Bluetooth
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • USB Inputs
    • Alarm
    • Trip Computer
    Close

    Located in Dallas, TX / 416 miles away from Memphis, TN

    Bluetooth,Brake Assist,Satellite Radio,4 Cylinder Engine,6-Speed A/T,A/C,ABS,Adjustable Steering Wheel,Auxiliary Audio Input,Bluetooth,Brake Assist,Bu...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    33 Combined MPG (29 City/38 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 5NPD74LF0HH155263
    Stock: HH155263A
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • Price Drop
    $10,900
    good price
    $1,130 below market
    • 64,361 miles
    • 1 accident, 2 owners, personal use
    • 29 City / 38 Hwy MPG
    • Seay Motors (143 mi away)
    • Bluetooth
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • USB Inputs
    • Alarm
    • Trip Computer
    Close

    Located in Mayfield, KY / 143 miles away from Memphis, TN

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    33 Combined MPG (29 City/38 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 5NPD74LF1HH144286
    Stock: 144286M
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 05-28-2025

  • New Listing
    • 18,878 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use only
    • 29 City / 38 Hwy MPG
    • CarMax (In-stock online)
    • Transfer available from FL to TN*
    • Bluetooth
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • USB Inputs
    • Alarm
    • Trip Computer
    Close

    Located in Royal Palm Beach, FL / 821 miles away from Memphis, TN

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: Yes

    Features and Specs:

    33 Combined MPG (29 City/38 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: KMHD74LF1HU153720
    Stock: 27513863
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

Showing 64 - 84 out of 1,676 listings

Consumer Reviews for the Hyundai Elantra

Read recent reviews for the Hyundai Elantra
Overall Consumer Rating
4 out of 5 stars64 Reviews
Write a vehicle reviewSee all 64 reviews
  • 5 star
    (52%)
  • 4 star
    (25%)
  • 3 star
    (9%)
  • 2 star
    (5%)
  • 1 star
    (9%)
5 out of 5 stars

Good buy for the money!

Jake Tayler, 10/13/2015
2016 Hyundai Elantra SE 4dr Sedan (1.8L 4cyl 6A)
This is my first brand new car to purchase. I may be a little biased due to the fact this was the first car that I looked at, first dealership that I went to, and I ended up buying the car. I have put 1600 miles on the car so far in the month I have owned it ( I know, my girlfriend loves it and always wants to drive it). The car has been great so far, it feels nice on the road, when i … get on the highway going at a fast speed the tires grab the road very well when sliding, if i hit a bump i never feel like my tires aren't in contact with the road, I know this has to do with the traction control the car has. Once you get on the road or highway the drive is nice, its a little noisy but nothing you can't get used to, the stock radio/cd/xmsiruis rado is delightful. I got the base model SE which my only upgrades are rubber mats (highly recommend) and the auto-dimming mirror/compass. You can hear road noise but it's not overwhelming, I don't expect silence when I drive anyways, its really not safe when driving long distances and with this car you will get amazing gas mileage doing that. I have been getting around 38 MPG although I drive a lot of highway, once you put on the Active ECO you can get higher, my highest yet is 40 MPG. My only gripe with the model I got is there isn't automatic headlights and I would have liked the window lock button to light up the same way that the other window buttons on the driver side light up. The car drives great though even with a 1.8 liter 4 cylinder engine, the transmission shifts very smooth and I never have a problem merging with traffic or accelerating to make a lane change. The body of the car is very sexy. I chose the black version and with tinted windows its a very good looking car. If you are looking for a reliable car with a 100,000 mile power train warranty and a 60,000 mile bumper to bumper warranty that will definitely last the length of your car loan, this is a great choice.
Report abuse

Used 2016 Hyundai Elantra in Memphis, TN Values

Estimated values
2016 Hyundai Elantra SE 4dr Sedan (1.8L 4cyl 6A) with no options
ConditionTrade-InPrivate PartyDealer Retail
Outstanding$4,379$7,047$8,946
Clean$4,173$6,698$8,480
Average$3,829$6,115$7,704
Rough$3,383$5,358$6,694

The average list price of a used 2016 Hyundai Elantra in Memphis, Tennessee is $10,156. The average mileage on a used Hyundai Elantra 2016 for sale in Memphis, Tennessee is 99,101. Based on the average mileage of 99,101 for used 2016 Hyundai Elantra for sale in Memphis, TN and using an average vehicle condition rating, which means the vehicle may have a few mechanical and/or cosmetic problems and may require a considerable amount of reconditioning, we appraise the average trade-in value of a used Hyundai Elantra 2016 in Memphis, Tennessee to be $3,829.

Filters
Skip to Results

Applied Filters4Active

Select Buying Experience

Location

Search radius200 miles
Search radius

Make & Model

Year

New / Used

Price & Payments

Price Rating

Trim

Mileage

Accidents & History

Engine & Drivetrain

Exterior Color

Interior Color

Total Seating

Edmunds Review

Features

Options & Packages

MPG

Listing Details


* Delivery of any kind does not apply to Alaska and Hawaii. Contact the dealer for delivery details, restrictions and costs.