Skip to main content
Skip to Filters
3,291 listings
  • $14,900
    fair price
    $302 below market
    • 44,163 miles
    • No accidents, personal use only
    • 29 City / 38 Hwy MPG
    • Briggs Supercenter Manhattan (473 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • USB Inputs
    • Alarm
    Close

    Located in Manhattan, KS / 473 miles away from Tyler, TX

    This 2019 Hyundai Elantra SE, comes in Quartz White Pearl exterior with Black interior. 44,155 miles. Stock Number JMC59706 If you decide to speak wi...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    33 Combined MPG (29 City/38 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 5NPD74LFXKH486567
    Stock: JMC59706
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 07-11-2025

  • New Listing
    • 123,106 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 26 City / 33 Hwy MPG
    • Ally Auto (96 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in McKinney, TX / 96 miles away from Tyler, TX

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    29 Combined MPG (26 City/33 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: KMHD04LB3KU887784
    Stock: 16129
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • Price Drop
    $16,741
    fair price
    $447 below market
    • 49,983 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 31 City / 41 Hwy MPG
    • Bob Sight Chrysler Dodge Jeep Ram (451 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Blind Spot Monitorin...
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    Close

    Located in Lawrence, KS / 451 miles away from Tyler, TX

    Scarlet Red Pearl 2021 Hyundai Elantra SEL FWD CVT 2.0L 4-Cylinder DOHC 16V BRINGING THE FUN BACK TO CAR BUYING!, Elantra SEL, Scarlet Red Pearl, Appl...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    35 Combined MPG (31 City/41 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: KMHLM4AG4MU122651
    Stock: C428
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 08-06-2025

  • $18,590
    fair price
    $848 above market
    • 53,501 miles
    • 1 accident, 3 owners, corporate fleet vehicle
    • 26 City / 33 Hwy MPG
    • Carvana - Kansas City (465 mi away)
    • Home delivery*
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in Kansas City, MO / 465 miles away from Tyler, TX

    At Carvana, we go miles beyond the extra mile. That's why we provide you with a convenient, fast, and hassle-free car buying experience that puts you ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    29 Combined MPG (26 City/33 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: KMHD04LB2KU820450
    Stock: 2003932982
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 07-29-2025

    • 99,482 miles
    • 3 accidents, 2 owners, personal use only
    • 28 City / 37 Hwy MPG
    • Texan Hyundai (201 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Blind Spot Monitorin...
    Close

    Located in Rosenberg, TX / 201 miles away from Tyler, TX

    Recent Arrival!Scarlet Red 2019 Hyundai Elantra Value Edition FWD 6-Speed Automatic with Shiftronic 2.0L 4-Cylinder DOHC 16V 16" x 6.5" Alloy Wheels...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    32 Combined MPG (28 City/37 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: KMHD84LF9KU764924
    Stock: 26423A
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 09-03-2025

    • 82,936 miles
    • 1 accident, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 28 City / 37 Hwy MPG
    • AutoNation Ford Katy (183 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Blind Spot Monitorin...
    Close

    Located in Katy, TX / 183 miles away from Tyler, TX

    Sun/MoonroofCarpeted Floor MatsReversible Cargo TrayLane Keeping AssistKeyless StartCargo NetGray; Premium Cloth Seat TrimMachine GrayOption G...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    32 Combined MPG (28 City/37 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 5NPD84LF3KH405762
    Stock: KH405762
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 08-30-2025

    • 67,573 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, corporate fleet vehicle
    • 31 City / 41 Hwy MPG
    • Don McGill Toyota (182 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Blind Spot Monitorin...
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    Close

    Located in Houston, TX / 182 miles away from Tyler, TX

    Recent Arrival! Clean CARFAX. 31/41 City/Highway MPGCalypso Red 2021 Hyundai Elantra SELAwards: * NACTOY 2021 North American Car of the YearWh...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    35 Combined MPG (31 City/41 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 5NPLS4AG4MH004233
    Stock: 10029A
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 08-25-2025

    • 52,027 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use
    • 28 City / 37 Hwy MPG
    • CarMax Live Oak (270 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Blind Spot Monitorin...
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • USB Inputs
    Close

    Located in San Antonio, TX / 270 miles away from Tyler, TX

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    32 Combined MPG (28 City/37 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: KMHD84LF0KU762026
    Stock: 27552063
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • New Listing
    • 80,845 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use
    • 28 City / 37 Hwy MPG
    • Carvana - San Antonio (281 mi away)
    • Home delivery*
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Blind Spot Monitorin...
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • USB Inputs
    Close

    Located in San Antonio, TX / 281 miles away from Tyler, TX

    At Carvana, we go miles beyond the extra mile. That's why we provide you with a convenient, fast, and hassle-free car buying experience that puts you ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    32 Combined MPG (28 City/37 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 5NPD84LFXKH478563
    Stock: 2003987420
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 08-16-2025

  • Price Drop
    $16,395
    fair price
    $12 above market
    • 72,278 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 31 City / 41 Hwy MPG
    • Covington Pike DriveTime (362 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Blind Spot Monitorin...
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    Close

    Located in Memphis, TN / 362 miles away from Tyler, TX

    Shop at DriveTime: Get started on your personalized car-buying journey today. With no credit impact, you can get approved for your real, personalized ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    35 Combined MPG (31 City/41 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: KMHLM4AG4MU133309
    Stock: 1330076273
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 08-20-2025

  • Stock photo**
    • 32,866 miles
    • 1 accident, 2 owners, personal use
    • 28 City / 37 Hwy MPG
    • Family VW of Burleson (121 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Blind Spot Monitorin...
    Close

    Located in Burleson, TX / 121 miles away from Tyler, TX

    New Price! Scarlet Red 2019 Hyundai Elantra Value Edition FWD 6-Speed Automatic with Shiftronic 2.0L 4-Cylinder DOHC 16V Elantra Value Edition, 4D Sed...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    32 Combined MPG (28 City/37 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: KMHD84LF4KU886770
    Stock: CP2150
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 08-25-2025

    • 65,534 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 31 City / 41 Hwy MPG
    • Sterling Buick GMC West (213 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Blind Spot Monitorin...
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    Close

    Located in Jennings, LA / 213 miles away from Tyler, TX

    CARFAX 1-Owner. Onboard Communications System, iPod/MP3 Input, Satellite Radio, Alloy Wheels, OPTION GROUP 01, Back-Up Camera. WHY BUY FROM US?We a...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    35 Combined MPG (31 City/41 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 5NPLM4AG4MH006333
    Stock: GW2288A
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 07-30-2025

  • New Listing
    • 59,470 miles
    • 29 City / 38 Hwy MPG
    • Plano DriveTime (95 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • USB Inputs
    • Alarm
    Close

    Located in Plano, TX / 95 miles away from Tyler, TX

    Shop at DriveTime: Get started on your personalized car-buying journey today. With no credit impact, you can get approved for your real, personalized ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary Unavailable.

    Features and Specs:

    33 Combined MPG (29 City/38 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 5NPD74LF1KH483296
    Stock: 1040295960
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 09-03-2025

  • Price Drop
    Stock photo**
    $16,908
    fair price
    $281 above market
    • 92,693 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 31 City / 41 Hwy MPG
    • Norman Hyundai (234 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Norman, OK / 234 miles away from Tyler, TX

    Shop Quality Pre-Owned Cars, Trucks, SUVs, and Sedans at Norman Hyundai in Norman, OK Welcome to the all-new Norman Hyundai, your trusted dealership f...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    35 Combined MPG (31 City/41 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 5NPLP4AG1MH008404
    Stock: SU057421A
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 08-08-2025

    • 91,677 miles
    • 1 accident, 2 owners, rental vehicle
    • 28 City / 37 Hwy MPG
    • CarMax North Houston (166 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Blind Spot Monitorin...
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • USB Inputs
    Close

    Located in Houston, TX / 166 miles away from Tyler, TX

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    32 Combined MPG (28 City/37 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 5NPD84LF9KH404745
    Stock: 27614301
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • $12,250
    fair price
    $319 above market
    • 107,417 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, corporate fleet vehicle
    • 28 City / 37 Hwy MPG
    • Elite Auto Sales (382 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Blind Spot Monitorin...
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • USB Inputs
    Close

    Located in Wichita, KS / 382 miles away from Tyler, TX

    Our 2019 Hyundai Elantra SEL is loaded with lots of extras!The Elantra has been serviced and is ready for the road! No Accidents! FACTORY INSTALLED ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    32 Combined MPG (28 City/37 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 5NPD84LF3KH430497
    Stock: KH430497
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 08-21-2025

    • 22,591 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 31 City / 41 Hwy MPG
    • Carvana - Dallas (93 mi away)
    • Home delivery*
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Blind Spot Monitorin...
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    Close

    Located in Dallas, TX / 93 miles away from Tyler, TX

    At Carvana, we go miles beyond the extra mile. That's why we provide you with a convenient, fast, and hassle-free car buying experience that puts you ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    35 Combined MPG (31 City/41 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 5NPLM4AGXMH011522
    Stock: 2003804171
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 06-11-2025

  • Price Drop
    $12,750
    fair price
    $447 above market
    • 88,055 miles
    • 1 accident, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 29 City / 38 Hwy MPG
    • Greenway Hyundai Decatur (497 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • USB Inputs
    • Alarm
    Close

    Located in Decatur, AL / 497 miles away from Tyler, TX

    29/38 City/Highway MPG BACKUP CAMERA, CRUISE CONTROL, STEERING WHEEL CONTROLS, POWER WINDOWS, POWER LOCKS.Greenway Hyundai of Decatur welcomes drive...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    33 Combined MPG (29 City/38 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 5NPD74LF3KH489164
    Stock: KH489164
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 08-29-2025

  • New Listing
    • 67,453 miles
    • 28 City / 37 Hwy MPG
    • Carvana - San Antonio (281 mi away)
    • Home delivery*
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Blind Spot Monitorin...
    Close

    Located in San Antonio, TX / 281 miles away from Tyler, TX

    At Carvana, we go miles beyond the extra mile. That's why we provide you with a convenient, fast, and hassle-free car buying experience that puts you ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary Unavailable.

    Features and Specs:

    32 Combined MPG (28 City/37 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 5NPD84LF0KH481343
    Stock: 2003898310
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 09-05-2025

    • 15,668 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, corporate fleet vehicle
    • 31 City / 41 Hwy MPG
    • Carvana - Kansas City (465 mi away)
    • Home delivery*
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Blind Spot Monitorin...
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    Close

    Located in Kansas City, MO / 465 miles away from Tyler, TX

    At Carvana, we go miles beyond the extra mile. That's why we provide you with a convenient, fast, and hassle-free car buying experience that puts you ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    35 Combined MPG (31 City/41 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: KMHLM4AG0MU148700
    Stock: 2003953839
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 08-12-2025

    • 19,128 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 31 City / 41 Hwy MPG
    • Vandergriff Hyundai (111 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Arlington, TX / 111 miles away from Tyler, TX

    ??? 2021 Hyundai Elantra Limited ?' Tech-Savvy Luxury at an Unbeatable Price! Vandergriff Hyundai ?' Arlington, TX VIN: 5NPLP4AG9MH027248 ?'? Location...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    35 Combined MPG (31 City/41 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 5NPLP4AG9MH027248
    Stock: MH027248
    Certified Pre-Owned: Yes
    Listed since: 08-22-2025

Showing 85 - 105 out of 3,291 listings

Consumer Reviews for the HyundaiΒ Elantra

Read recent reviews for the HyundaiΒ Elantra
Overall Consumer Rating
4 out of 5 stars53 Reviews
Write a vehicle reviewSee all 53 reviews
  • 5 star
    (55%)
  • 4 star
    (17%)
  • 3 star
    (13%)
  • 2 star
    (4%)
  • 1 star
    (11%)
5 out of 5 stars

Had my doubts about the new IVT trans.

Sir Dave, 07/17/2019
2020 Hyundai Elantra Value Edition 4dr Sedan (2.0L 4cyl CVT)
After a test drive fell in love with the new trans.. With Hyundai's 100k power train warranty, not worried about it being a new design. Hyundai continues to improve sound quality. This is my third elantra & each new vehicle has been a very noticeable improvements years. ( usually trade every 3 or 4 years. In the 2020 model many new safety features have been added from my 2017 … edition. Only have a few hundred miles on it so far, will keep you updated as the mileage increases. All three of my Elantras have averaged better than 40 mpg. A real surprise was that Hyundai finally added a REAL horn to this vehicle.πŸ‘ πŸ‘ πŸ˜€
Report abuse

Used 2019 Hyundai Elantra in Tyler, TX Values

Estimated values
2019 Hyundai Elantra SE 4dr Sedan (2.0L 4cyl 6A) with no options
ConditionTrade-InPrivate PartyDealer Retail
Outstanding$8,391$11,428$14,141
Clean$8,149$11,086$13,704
Average$7,745$10,518$12,977
Rough$7,220$9,778$12,031

The average list price of a used 2019 Hyundai Elantra in Tyler, Texas is $15,848. The average mileage on a used Hyundai Elantra 2019 for sale in Tyler, Texas is 66,116. Based on the average mileage of 66,116 for used 2019 Hyundai Elantra for sale in Tyler, TX and using an average vehicle condition rating, which means the vehicle may have a few mechanical and/or cosmetic problems and may require a considerable amount of reconditioning, we appraise the average trade-in value of a used Hyundai Elantra 2019 in Tyler, Texas to be $7,745.

Filters
Skip to Results

Applied Filters4Active

Select Buying Experience

Location

Search radius500 miles
Search radius

Make & Model

Year

New / Used

Price & Payments

Price Rating

Body Type

Trim

Mileage

Accidents & History

Engine & Drivetrain

Exterior Color

Interior Color

Total Seating

Edmunds Review

Features

Options & Packages

MPG

Listing Details


* Delivery of any kind does not apply to Alaska and Hawaii. Contact the dealer for delivery details, restrictions and costs.