Skip to main content
Skip to Filters
93 listings
  • Price Drop
    83,391 miles
    No accidents, 2 Owners, Personal use only
    4cyl Automatic
    Carvana - Philadelphia (7 mi away)
    Free home delivery*
    • Bluetooth
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • USB Inputs
    • Auto Climate Control
    • Alarm
    Close

    Located in Philadelphia, PA / 7 miles away from Philadelphia, PA

    At Carvana, we go miles beyond the extra mile. That's why we provide you with a convenient, fast, and hassle-free car buying experience that puts you ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    41 Combined MPG (40 City/42 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JHMZE2H71ES000752
    Stock: 2002670770
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 01-05-2024

  • 116,911 miles
    No accidents, 1 Owner, Personal use only
    4cyl Automatic
    Auto Spot (87 mi away)
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • USB Inputs
    • Auto Climate Control
    • Alarm
    • Trip Computer
    Close

    Located in South Hackensack, NJ / 87 miles away from Philadelphia, PA

    Price includes all costs to be paid by consumer, except for licensing costs, registration fees, retail package, title and taxes. Any monetary discount...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    41 Combined MPG (40 City/42 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JHMZE2H54ES002462
    Stock: 002462-62
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • $4,949
    great price
    $2,385 below market
    127,974 miles
    No accidents, 3 Owners, Corporate fleet vehicle
    4cyl Automatic
    Sussex Auto Group (75 mi away)
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • USB Inputs
    • Auto Climate Control
    • Alarm
    • Trip Computer
    Close

    Located in Lake Hopatcong, NJ / 75 miles away from Philadelphia, PA

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    40 Combined MPG (39 City/41 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JHMZE2H51BS004679
    Stock: X19205
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 04-10-2024

  • $7,500
    good price
    $991 below market
    126,409 miles
    2 Accidents, 4 Owners, Personal use
    4cyl Automatic
    I-Deal Cars (82 mi away)
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • USB Inputs
    • Auto Climate Control
    • Alarm
    • Trip Computer
    Close

    Located in York, PA / 82 miles away from Philadelphia, PA

    ***HYBRID***JUST SERVICED***2011 HONDA INSIGHT EX, VIN: JHMZE2H76BS001746, HATCHBACK 4 DR, 1.3L I4 F SOHC 8V, HYBRID, FRONT WHEEL DRIVE, PADDLE SHIFTE...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    40 Combined MPG (39 City/41 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JHMZE2H76BS001746
    Stock: Y2208
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 04-28-2024

  • New Listing
    96,333 miles
    No accidents, 3 Owners, Personal use only
    4cyl Automatic
    Carvana (In-stock online)
    Free home delivery*
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • USB Inputs
    • Auto Climate Control
    • Alarm
    • Trip Computer
    Close

    Located in San Antonio, TX / 1,503 miles away from Philadelphia, PA

    At Carvana, we go miles beyond the extra mile. That's why we provide you with a convenient, fast, and hassle-free car buying experience that puts you ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    40 Combined MPG (39 City/41 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JHMZE2H53BS007731
    Stock: 2002888144
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 05-01-2024

  • 92,646 miles
    Frame damage reported, 2 Owners, Corporate fleet vehicle
    4cyl Automatic
    Auto Spot of Mountain Lakes (74 mi away)
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • Auto Climate Control
    • Trip Computer
    • Rear Bench Seats
    • Stability Control
    Close

    Located in Mountain Lakes, NJ / 74 miles away from Philadelphia, PA

    Price includes all costs to be paid by consumer, except for licensing costs, registration fees, retail package, title and taxes. Any monetary discount...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Title issue reported

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: Yes

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    40 Combined MPG (39 City/41 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JHMZE2H34BS004142
    Stock: 004142-42
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 01-12-2024

  • $6,495
    great price
    $1,531 below market
    91,924 miles
    No accidents, 3 Owners, Corporate fleet vehicle
    4cyl Automatic
    Michael & Sons Auto Sales (86 mi away)
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • USB Inputs
    • Auto Climate Control
    • Alarm
    • Trip Computer
    Close

    Located in Lodi, NJ / 86 miles away from Philadelphia, PA

    CLEAN CAR FAX!! HYBRID!! ALL WHEEL DRIVE!! MORE PICTURES AND DETAILS COMING SOON!! Price excludes dealer fees

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    41 Combined MPG (40 City/43 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JHMZE2H79AS028602
    Stock: |88264N
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 04-04-2024

  • $6,995
    fair price
    $269 above market
    136,182 miles
    No accidents, 1 Owner, Personal use only
    4cyl Automatic
    22nd St. Motors (36 mi away)
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • USB Inputs
    • Auto Climate Control
    • Alarm
    • Trip Computer
    Close

    Located in Quakertown, PA / 36 miles away from Philadelphia, PA

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    41 Combined MPG (40 City/43 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JHMZE2H78AS018210
    Stock: 018210
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 08-01-2023

  • 89,239 miles
    No accidents, 3 Owners, Corporate fleet vehicle
    4cyl Automatic
    Joyce Honda (72 mi away)
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • USB Inputs
    • Auto Climate Control
    • Alarm
    • Trip Computer
    Close

    Located in Denville, NJ / 72 miles away from Philadelphia, PA

    This vehicle is equipped with the following features, 1.3L I4 SOHC i-VTEC, CVT, 15" Alloy Wheels, 6 Speakers, ABS brakes, Air Conditioning, Alloy whee...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    41 Combined MPG (40 City/43 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JHMZE2H76AS022983
    Stock: T06792B
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 05-04-2024

  • 106,880 miles
    1 Accident, 2 Owners, Personal use only
    4cyl Automatic
    Carvana (In-stock online)
    Free home delivery*
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • Auto Climate Control
    • Alarm
    • Trip Computer
    • Rear Bench Seats
    Close

    Located in Birmingham, AL / 780 miles away from Philadelphia, PA

    At Carvana, we go miles beyond the extra mile. That's why we provide you with a convenient, fast, and hassle-free car buying experience that puts you ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    41 Combined MPG (40 City/43 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JHMZE2H50AS042502
    Stock: 2002638890
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 04-17-2024

  • 182,725 miles
    1 Accident, 1 Owner, Personal use only
    4cyl Automatic
    Payless Auto Trader (78 mi away)
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • USB Inputs
    • Auto Climate Control
    • Alarm
    • Trip Computer
    Close

    Located in Newark, NJ / 78 miles away from Philadelphia, PA

    POWERTRAIN WARRANTY INCLUDED ON SELLING PRICE. ACTUAL PRICE, NO HIDDEN/DEALER FEES

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    41 Combined MPG (40 City/43 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JHMZE2H77AS019574
    Stock: HONDAINSIGHT19574
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 07-26-2023

  • $16,778
    good price
    $1,143 below market
    85,847 miles
    1 Accident, 1 Owner, Personal use only
    4cyl Automatic
    Honda of Hackettstown (64 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Upgraded Headlights
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • USB Inputs
    Close

    Located in Hackettstown, NJ / 64 miles away from Philadelphia, PA

    White Orchid Pearl exterior and Black interior. Lane Keeping Assist, Keyless Start, Bluetooth®, Hybrid, Back-Up Camera, Aluminum Wheels, iPod/MP3 Inpu...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    52 Combined MPG (55 City/49 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 19XZE4F13KE023735
    Stock: P15034
    Certified Pre-Owned: Yes
    Listed since: 03-27-2024

  • $19,999
    fair price
    $181 below market
    40,026 miles
    No accidents, 1 Owner, Personal use
    4cyl Automatic
    Driveway (50 mi away)
    Home delivery*
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Upgraded Headlights
    • Blind Spot Monitorin...
    Close

    Located in North Brunswick, NJ / 50 miles away from Philadelphia, PA

    CarFax No Accidents Reported,CarFax 1-Owner,Rare Find,Green Vehicle,Apple CarPlay,Back-Up Camera,Bluetooth,Brake Assist,Keyless Start,Lane Keeping Ass...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    52 Combined MPG (55 City/49 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 19XZE4F52KE001440
    Stock: BTP11191
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • 40,122 miles
    Salvage reported, 2 Owners, Personal use
    4cyl Automatic
    JD Motors (70 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Upgraded Headlights
    • Blind Spot Monitorin...
    Close

    Located in Elizabeth, NJ / 70 miles away from Philadelphia, PA

    This 2019 Honda Insight 4dr EX CVT features a 1.5L 4 CYLINDER 4cyl Hybrid engine. It is equipped with a Continuously Variable transmission. The vehicl...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Title issue reported

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    52 Combined MPG (55 City/49 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 19XZE4F5XKE005655
    Stock: 005655
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 03-22-2024

  • New Listing
    54,459 miles
    No accidents, 1 Owner, Personal use only
    4cyl Automatic
    CarMax King of Prussia - Now offering Express Pickup (11 mi away)
    Free delivery available*
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in King of Prussia, PA / 11 miles away from Philadelphia, PA

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    48 Combined MPG (51 City/45 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 19XZE4F94KE005704
    Stock: 24410861
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • Stock photo**
    106,406 miles
    No accidents, 1 Owner, Personal use only
    4cyl Automatic
    Kundert Volvo Cars of Hasbrouck Heights (85 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Hasbrouck Heights, NJ / 85 miles away from Philadelphia, PA

    You won't want to miss this excellent value! This is a superb vehicle at an affordable price! This 4 door, 5 passenger sedan provides exceptional valu...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    48 Combined MPG (51 City/45 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 19XZE4F98KE000652
    Stock: 24615A
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 05-01-2024

  • 63,486 miles
    Frame damage reported, 1 Owner, Corporate fleet vehicle
    4cyl Automatic
    Freehold Mitsubishi (53 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Freehold Township, NJ / 53 miles away from Philadelphia, PA

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Title issue reported

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: Yes

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    48 Combined MPG (51 City/45 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 19XZE4F90LE010402
    Stock: 010402
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 04-10-2024

  • 24,922 miles
    No accidents, 1 Owner, Personal use only
    4cyl Automatic
    Del Toyota (29 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Thorndale, PA / 29 miles away from Philadelphia, PA

    2020 Honda Insight in charming Aegean Blue Metallic!! Includes . Just 24844 miles on this perfect Compact. Haven't you been looking to get your hands ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    48 Combined MPG (51 City/45 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 19XZE4F95LE001579
    Stock: 241421A
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 04-02-2024

  • 59,847 miles
    No accidents, 1 Owner, Personal use only
    4cyl Automatic
    CarMax Easton - Now offering Express Pickup (51 mi away)
    Free delivery available*
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Upgraded Headlights
    • Blind Spot Monitorin...
    Close

    Located in Easton, PA / 51 miles away from Philadelphia, PA

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    52 Combined MPG (55 City/49 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 19XZE4F51LE004086
    Stock: 25618726
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • $21,995
    fair price
    $454 below market
    5,411 miles
    No accidents, 1 Owner, Personal use only
    4cyl Automatic
    Scott Honda of Vineland (37 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Upgraded Headlights
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • USB Inputs
    Close

    Located in Vineland, NJ / 37 miles away from Philadelphia, PA

    Scott Honda of Vineland is excited to offer this gorgeous 2019 Honda Insight in Modern Steel Metallic This vehicle has passed our comprehensive inspec...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    52 Combined MPG (55 City/49 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 19XZE4F11KE021031
    Stock: S5456
    Certified Pre-Owned: Yes
    Listed since: 04-20-2024

  • $19,245
    fair price
    $653 below market
    25,253 miles
    No accidents, 2 Owners, Personal use
    4cyl Automatic
    Prestige Volvo Cars Englewood (91 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Upgraded Headlights
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • USB Inputs
    Close

    Located in Englewood, NJ / 91 miles away from Philadelphia, PA

    2019 Honda Insight LX FWD CVT 1.5L I4 SMPI DOHC 16V LEV3-SULEV30 White Orchid PearlRecent Arrival! Odometer is 39065 miles below market average!INTROD...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    52 Combined MPG (55 City/49 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 19XZE4F15KE010629
    Stock: 4922A
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 03-31-2024

Showing 1 - 21 out of 93 listings

Consumer Reviews for the Honda Insight

Read recent reviews for the Honda Insight
Overall Consumer Rating
3.8 out of 5 stars46 Reviews
Write a vehicle reviewSee all 46 reviews
  • 5 star
    (52%)
  • 4 star
    (17%)
  • 3 star
    (9%)
  • 2 star
    (9%)
  • 1 star
    (13%)
4.5 out of 5 stars

2012 Insight EX with Navi

john57110, 12/21/2011
2012 Honda Insight EX 4dr Hatchback w/Navigation (1.3L 4cyl gas/electric hybrid CVT)
I recently purchased a Black Insight EX with Navi after careful comparison with the Prius. I concluded that the Insight is a much better value, ($10,000 less than top of the line Prius, although it doesn't offer quite as many options) and is much more enjoyable to drive. I purchased this as a commuter car (60 mile round trip to work) and for running errands. I consistently avg 45mpg … (calculated by fuel up to miles driven). Overall I am very pleased with this vehicle and believe it would have see better sales if it was marketed better. Also, contrary to Edmunds review this car is capable of electric only operation although in very limited circumstances (flat level ground under 25 mph).
Report abuse

Used 2014 Honda Insight in Philadelphia, PA Values

Estimated values
2014 Honda Insight EX 4dr Hatchback (1.3L 4cyl gas/electric mild hybrid CVT) with no options
ConditionTrade-InPrivate PartyDealer Retail
Outstanding$6,894$11,429$14,440
Clean$6,549$10,816$13,613
Average$5,975$9,794$12,236
Rough$5,229$8,466$10,445

The average list price of a used 2014 Honda Insight in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania is $14,010. The average mileage on a used Honda Insight 2014 for sale in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania is 83,638. Based on the average mileage of 83,638 for used 2014 Honda Insight for sale in Philadelphia, PA and using an average vehicle condition rating, which means the vehicle may have a few mechanical and/or cosmetic problems and may require a considerable amount of reconditioning, we appraise the average trade-in value of a used Honda Insight 2014 in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania to be $5,975.

Filters
Skip to Results

Location

Search radius100 miles
Search radius

Make & Model

make

model

Year

to
Year

Condition

Price & Payment

93 cars
|
$20,829 avg. price
$
to
$
Price

Price Rating

Edmunds' ratings are backed by 15+ years of pricing research done by our data scientistsHow are ratings determined?We analyze millions of data points to generate our ratings. We look at vehicle configuration, options, history, nearby transactions, market pricing and more — the ratings are up-to-date and relevant to your search area.

Type

Trim

Mileage

to
Mileage

Vehicle History

Engine & Drivetrain

Transmission

Engine Type

Drivetrain

Cylinders

Exterior Color

Interior Color

Total Seating

Features

Comfort & Convenience

Safety

Engine & Exterior

Entertainment

MPG

to
MPG

Vehicle Listing Details


* Delivery of any kind does not apply to Alaska and Hawaii. Contact the dealer for delivery details, restrictions and costs.