Skip to main content
Skip to Filters
1,978 listings
  • Price Drop
    $57,500
    great price
    $12,512 below market
    7,345 miles
    No accidents, 1 Owner, Personal use only
    6'7” Bed, 3.5L, 6cyl
    Glenn Chrysler Dodge Jeep Ram (18 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    Close

    Located in Crestwood, KY / 18 miles away from Louisville, KY

    Black Metallic 2023 Ford F-150 Lariat 4WD 3.5L PowerBoost Full-Hybrid V6 10-Speed Automatic The 2023 Ford F-150 Lariat, propelled by a potent 3.5-li...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1FTFW1EDXPFA75094
    Stock: 236384A
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 03-29-2024

  • Price Drop
    $49,960
    great price
    $6,793 below market
    11,589 miles
    No accidents, 1 Owner, Personal use only
    5'7” Bed, 3.5L, 6cyl
    Champion Chevrolet Buick GMC (25 mi away)
    Home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in La Grange, KY / 25 miles away from Louisville, KY

    2023 Ford F-150 XLT 4WD 3.5L V6 EcoBoost CARFAX One-Owner. Clean CARFAX. Home of the FREE LIFETIME POWERTRAIN WARRANTY, 4WD / 4x4, Navigation / GPS / ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1FTFW1E84PKE42744
    Stock: 23389A
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 09-13-2023

  • Price Drop
    $54,991
    great price
    $4,210 below market
    18,194 miles
    No accidents, 1 Owner, Personal use only
    5'7” Bed, 3.5L, 6cyl
    BMW of Louisville (12 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    Close

    Located in Louisville, KY / 12 miles away from Louisville, KY

    2022 Ford F-150 Platinum Agate Black Metallic Odometer is 9013 miles below market average! CARFAX One-Owner.360 Degree Camera, Active Park Assist 2.0,...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1FTFW1E89NFA95403
    Stock: PD93523X
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 03-11-2024

  • $39,995
    great price
    $4,679 below market
    31,801 miles
    No accidents, 1 Owner, Personal use
    5'7” Bed, 2.7L, 6cyl
    Glenn Chrysler Dodge Jeep Ram (18 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in Crestwood, KY / 18 miles away from Louisville, KY

    Black 2021 Ford F-150 XLT 4WD 2.7L V6 EcoBoost 10-Speed Automatic THIS VEHICLES FEATURES INCLUDE:, 4x4/ Four Wheel Drive, Navi/Navigation/GPS, Towing...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1FTEW1EP4MFA44358
    Stock: CU2967
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 04-23-2024

  • $48,995
    good price
    $5,223 below market
    29,300 miles
    No accidents, 1 Owner, Personal use
    5'7” Bed, 3.5L, 6cyl
    Glenn Chrysler Dodge Jeep Ram (18 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    Close

    Located in Crestwood, KY / 18 miles away from Louisville, KY

    Red 2021 Ford F-150 Lariat 4WD 3.5L V6 EcoBoost 10-Speed Automatic THIS VEHICLES FEATURES INCLUDE:, 4WD, 2nd Row Heated Seats, Accent-Color Angular S...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1FTFW1E8XMFA23396
    Stock: CU2942
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 04-05-2024

  • Price Drop
    $33,712
    good price
    $4,014 below market
    42,469 miles
    No accidents, 3 Owners, Personal use
    5'7” Bed, 2.7L, 6cyl
    Jeff Wyler Toyota of Clarksville (6 mi away)
    Home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Power Driver Seat
    Close

    Located in Clarksville, IN / 6 miles away from Louisville, KY

    4WD. Odometer is 27843 miles below market average! Clean CARFAX. Ask about available certifications.

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1FTEW1EP6LKE18457
    Stock: 31T13341F
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 04-06-2024

  • $81,900
    good price
    $4,152 below market
    5,432 miles
    No accidents, Personal use only
    5'7” Bed, 3.5L, 6cyl
    Don Franklin Bardstown Chevrolet Buick (32 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in Bardstown, KY / 32 miles away from Louisville, KY

    Freshly Detailed, Ready for immediate delivery. Clean CARFAX. Odometer is 6866 miles below market average! Blue 2023 Ford F-150 Raptor 4WD 10-Speed Au...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    16 Combined MPG (15 City/18 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1FTFW1RG6PFC42832
    Stock: PFC42832
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 04-24-2024

  • Price Drop
    $37,670
    good price
    $3,495 below market
    47,950 miles
    No accidents, 1 Owner, Personal use
    5'7” Bed, 3.5L, 6cyl
    Champion Chevrolet Buick GMC (25 mi away)
    Home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in La Grange, KY / 25 miles away from Louisville, KY

    2021 Ford F-150 XLT 4WD 3.5L V6 EcoBoost CARFAX One-Owner. Home of the FREE LIFETIME POWERTRAIN WARRANTY, 4WD / 4x4, Backup / Rear-View Camera, BLUETO...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1FTFW1E89MFA47771
    Stock: 23681A
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 07-31-2023

  • $42,499
    good price
    $2,403 below market
    80,659 miles
    No accidents, 3 Owners, Personal use
    5'7” Bed, 3.5L, 6cyl
    Chandler Chevrolet (43 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Power Driver Seat
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    Close

    Located in Madison, IN / 43 miles away from Louisville, KY

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    16 Combined MPG (15 City/18 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1FTFW1RG2HFA43049
    Stock: T6087
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 03-27-2024

  • $69,000
    good price
    $2,650 below market
    7,752 miles
    No accidents, 1 Owner, Personal use only
    5'7” Bed, 3.5L, 6cyl
    Champion Chevrolet Buick GMC (25 mi away)
    Home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in La Grange, KY / 25 miles away from Louisville, KY

    2023 Ford F-150 Limited 4WD 3.5L PowerBoost Full-Hybrid V6 CARFAX One-Owner. Clean CARFAX. Home of the FREE LIFETIME POWERTRAIN WARRANTY, Navigation /...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    23 Combined MPG (23 City/23 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1FTFW1ED3PFA15027
    Stock: 24389A
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 01-26-2024

  • Price Drop
    $38,565
    good price
    $2,901 below market
    98,215 miles
    No accidents, 4 Owners, Personal use only
    5'7” Bed, 3.5L, 6cyl
    Jeff Wyler Honda Auto Mall (5 mi away)
    Home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Power Driver Seat
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    Close

    Located in Louisville, KY / 5 miles away from Louisville, KY

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    16 Combined MPG (15 City/18 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1FTFW1RG0HFB89238
    Stock: 34T3445A
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 04-11-2024

  • $48,000
    fair price
    $1,776 below market
    7,179 miles
    No accidents, 1 Owner, Personal use only
    5'7” Bed, 5L, 8cyl
    Byerly Ford (3 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Upgraded Headlights
    Close

    Located in Louisville, KY / 3 miles away from Louisville, KY

    2022 Ford F-150 XLT2022 Ford F-150 XLT 4WD 10-Speed Automatic 5.0L V8 **ONE OWNER**, **LOCAL TRADE**, **CLEAN HISTORY REPORT**, **WELL MAINTAINED**, *...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1FTFW1E52NKD98150
    Stock: J8078A
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 04-29-2024

  • $35,000
    fair price
    $1,057 below market
    36,557 miles
    No accidents, 1 Owner, Personal use
    5'7” Bed, 2.7L, 6cyl
    Byerly Ford (3 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    Close

    Located in Louisville, KY / 3 miles away from Louisville, KY

    2020 Ford F-150 XL STXMOTORTREND CERTIFIED!! 6 months/7,500 miles (which ever comes first) comprehensive limited warranty!! Roadside Assistance, Road ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1FTEW1EP3LKD94618
    Stock: G6958A
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 02-13-2023

  • Price Drop
    $56,970
    fair price
    $1,037 below market
    22,300 miles
    No accidents, 1 Owner, Personal use only
    5'7” Bed, 3.5L, 6cyl
    Champion Chevrolet Buick GMC (25 mi away)
    Home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in La Grange, KY / 25 miles away from Louisville, KY

    2021 Ford F-150 Limited 4WD 3.5L PowerBoost Full-Hybrid V6 Clean CARFAX. Home of the FREE LIFETIME POWERTRAIN WARRANTY, 4WD / 4x4, PANORAMIC or Double...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1FTFW1EDXMFA35609
    Stock: P6235
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 05-25-2023

  • $30,998
    fair price
    $1,234 below market
    45,205 miles
    No accidents, 2 Owners, Rental vehicle
    5'7” Bed, 3.3L, 6cyl
    CarMax Louisville - Now offering Express Pickup (10 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • USB Inputs
    Close

    Located in Louisville, KY / 10 miles away from Louisville, KY

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    20 Combined MPG (18 City/23 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1FTEW1EBXKFA55754
    Stock: 25196830
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • $40,995
    fair price
    $806 below market
    36,099 miles
    No accidents, 1 Owner, Personal use
    6'7” Bed, 5L, 8cyl
    Glenn Chrysler Dodge Jeep Ram (18 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Upgraded Headlights
    Close

    Located in Crestwood, KY / 18 miles away from Louisville, KY

    Gray 2021 Ford F-150 XLT 4WD 5.0L V8 10-Speed Automatic THIS VEHICLES FEATURES INCLUDE:, 4x4/ Four Wheel Drive, Navi/Navigation/GPS, 4WD, 10-Way Powe...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    19 Combined MPG (16 City/22 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1FTFW1E58MFB06234
    Stock: CU2966
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 04-23-2024

  • New Listing
    $51,000
    fair price
    $399 above market
    11,584 miles
    No accidents, 1 Owner, Personal use only
    5'7” Bed, 2.7L, 6cyl
    Don Franklin Bardstown Chevrolet Buick (32 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Upgraded Headlights
    Close

    Located in Bardstown, KY / 32 miles away from Louisville, KY

    Certified. Freshly Detailed, Ready for immediate delivery. Gray Metallic 2023 Ford F-150 XLT 4WD 10-Speed Automatic 2.7L V6 EcoBoost Ford Details: ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1FTEW1EP7PFB83050
    Stock: PFB83050
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 02-26-2024

  • $32,496
    fair price
    $897 below market
    39,489 miles
    No accidents, 2 Owners, Personal use
    6'7” Bed, 3.3L, 6cyl
    Chandler Chevrolet (43 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • USB Inputs
    Close

    Located in Madison, IN / 43 miles away from Louisville, KY

    Oxford White 2021 Ford F-150 XL 4WD 10-Speed Automatic 3.3L V6 Clean Vehicle History Report, Clean Carfax - 1 Owner, Clean Carfax, 1 Owner, 6cyl, Blue...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    20 Combined MPG (19 City/22 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1FTEX1EB5MFB29646
    Stock: T6110
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 04-09-2024

  • 162,215 miles
    No accidents, 4 Owners, Personal use only
    Glenn Chrysler Dodge Jeep Ram (18 mi away)
    • 4WD
    • King Ranch Chaparral...
    • Heated front seats
    • Backup Camera/ Rearv...
    • Keyless Entry
    Close

    Located in Crestwood, KY / 18 miles away from Louisville, KY

    White 2013 Ford F-150 4WD 3.5L V6 6-Speed Automatic Electronic The 2013 Ford F-150 King Ranch 4x4, boasting a powerful 3.5-liter V6 engine alongside i...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1FTFW1ET3DKE64573
    Stock: CU2879B
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 03-30-2024

  • $23,995
    fair price
    $127 above market
    98,302 miles
    No accidents, 3 Owners, Personal use only
    5'7” Bed, 5L, 8cyl
    Burns Auto Mart (6 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Power Driver Seat
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    Close

    Located in Louisville, KY / 6 miles away from Louisville, KY

    2016 Ford F150 XLT 4WD , 5.3L V8 , Power Windows , Locks , Mirror , and Seats , Adjustable Pedals , Satellite Radio , Bed Cover , and more . **$0 DOWN...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1FTEW1EF2GFC06564
    Stock: C06564
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • Price Drop
    $29,842
    fair price
    $299 below market
    84,493 miles
    1 Accident, 1 Owner, Personal use only
    5'7” Bed, 2.7L, 6cyl
    Jeff Wyler Toyota of Clarksville (6 mi away)
    Home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Leather Seats
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in Clarksville, IN / 6 miles away from Louisville, KY

    CARFAX One-Owner. 4WD. Ask about available certifications.

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    21 Combined MPG (19 City/24 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1FTEW1EP9KKE89926
    Stock: 31213609B
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 04-06-2024

Showing 1 - 21 out of 1,978 listings

Consumer Reviews for the Ford F-150

Read recent reviews for the Ford F-150
Overall Consumer Rating
4 out of 5 stars355 Reviews
Write a vehicle reviewSee all 355 reviews
  • 5 star
    (60%)
  • 4 star
    (11%)
  • 3 star
    (6%)
  • 2 star
    (9%)
  • 1 star
    (14%)
5 out of 5 stars

Nice truck

Jabautd, 12/28/2023
2023 Ford F-150
So far I like the truck .. only dislike is the lack of brightness with the head lights
Report abuse
Select Buying Experience
Filters
Skip to Results

Location

Search radius50 miles
Search radius

Make & Model

make

model

Year

to
Year

Condition

Price & Payment

1,978 cars
|
$35,473 avg. price
$
to
$
Price

Price Rating

Edmunds' ratings are backed by 15+ years of pricing research done by our data scientistsHow are ratings determined?We analyze millions of data points to generate our ratings. We look at vehicle configuration, options, history, nearby transactions, market pricing and more — the ratings are up-to-date and relevant to your search area.

Trim

Truck Details

Cabin Size

Bed Length

Displacement

Mileage

to
Mileage

Vehicle History

Engine & Drivetrain

Transmission

Engine Type

Drivetrain

Cylinders

Exterior Color

Interior Color

Total Seating

Features

Comfort & Convenience

Safety

Engine & Exterior

Entertainment

Options & Packages

MPG

to
MPG

Vehicle Listing Details


* Delivery of any kind does not apply to Alaska and Hawaii. Contact the dealer for delivery details, restrictions and costs.