Skip to main content
Skip to Filters
325 listings
  • Price Drop
    • 94,212 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 30 City / 40 Hwy MPG
    • CarMax (In-stock online)
    • Transfer available from KY to TX*
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • USB Inputs
    • Trip Computer
    Close

    Located in Lexington, KY / 832 miles away from Spring, TX

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    34 Combined MPG (30 City/40 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1FADP3FE4JL310515
    Stock: 26949812
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • New Listing
    • 74,790 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 26 City / 37 Hwy MPG
    • CarMax (In-stock online)
    • Transfer available from MO to TX*
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Leather Seats
    • Power Driver Seat
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    Close

    Located in Saint Peters, MO / 662 miles away from Spring, TX

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    30 Combined MPG (26 City/37 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1FADP3J26EL197458
    Stock: 26522978
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • New Listing
    • 120,267 miles
    • No accidents, 3 owners, rental vehicle
    • 26 City / 36 Hwy MPG
    • CarMax (In-stock online)
    • Transfer available from CA to TX*
    • Bluetooth
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • USB Inputs
    • Trip Computer
    • Rear Bench Seats
    Close

    Located in Fairfield, CA / 1,618 miles away from Spring, TX

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    30 Combined MPG (26 City/36 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1FADP3F24EL336091
    Stock: 26504942
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • Know your buying power

    Shop smarter by knowing your car’s value.

    Appraise my car
    • 61,897 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use only
    • 26 City / 36 Hwy MPG
    • CarMax (In-stock online)
    • Transfer available from CT to TX*
    • Bluetooth
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • Parking sensors
    • USB Inputs
    • Trip Computer
    Close

    Located in Waterbury, CT / 1,480 miles away from Spring, TX

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    30 Combined MPG (26 City/36 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1FADP3K23EL424362
    Stock: 26672648
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

    • 66,904 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 24 City / 34 Hwy MPG
    • CarMax (In-stock online)
    • Transfer available from MS to TX*
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • USB Inputs
    • Trip Computer
    Close

    Located in Jackson, MS / 350 miles away from Spring, TX

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    28 Combined MPG (24 City/34 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1FADP3K2XJL254124
    Stock: 26801495
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • New Listing
    • 94,721 miles
    • No accidents, 3 owners, rental vehicle
    • 30 City / 40 Hwy MPG, Manual
    • CarMax (In-stock online)
    • Transfer available from CA to TX*
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • USB Inputs
    • Trip Computer
    Close

    Located in Sacramento, CA / 1,586 miles away from Spring, TX

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    34 Combined MPG (30 City/40 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1FADP3F24JL242271
    Stock: 27210223
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • New Listing
    • 81,950 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use only
    • 30 City / 40 Hwy MPG
    • CarMax (In-stock online)
    • Transfer available from CA to TX*
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • USB Inputs
    • Trip Computer
    Close

    Located in Sacramento, CA / 1,586 miles away from Spring, TX

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    34 Combined MPG (30 City/40 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1FADP3F2XJL261035
    Stock: 26627038
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • New Listing
    • 16,839 miles
    • 26 City / 36 Hwy MPG
    • Carvana (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • Bluetooth
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • USB Inputs
    • Trip Computer
    • Rear Bench Seats
    Close

    Located in Columbus, OH / 979 miles away from Spring, TX

    At Carvana, we go miles beyond the extra mile. That's why we provide you with a convenient, fast, and hassle-free car buying experience that puts you ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary Unavailable.

    Features and Specs:

    30 Combined MPG (26 City/36 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1FADP3F29EL160820
    Stock: 2003735607
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 05-14-2025

  • New Listing
    • 80,563 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use only
    • 26 City / 36 Hwy MPG
    • CarMax (In-stock online)
    • Transfer available from NJ to TX*
    • Bluetooth
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • USB Inputs
    • Trip Computer
    • Rear Bench Seats
    Close

    Located in Green Brook Township, NJ / 1,379 miles away from Spring, TX

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    30 Combined MPG (26 City/36 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1FADP3F21EL152047
    Stock: 26388701
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

    • 55,803 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use only
    • 26 City / 36 Hwy MPG
    • Success Auto Sales (29 mi away)
    • Bluetooth
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • USB Inputs
    • Trip Computer
    • Rear Bench Seats
    Close

    Located in Houston, TX / 29 miles away from Spring, TX

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    30 Combined MPG (26 City/36 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1FADP3F29EL412744
    Stock: 1022571
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • Price Drop
    $13,990
    fair price
    $172 below market
    • 23,267 miles
    • 1 accident, 2 owners, personal use only
    • 30 City / 40 Hwy MPG
    • Carvana (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • USB Inputs
    • Trip Computer
    Close

    Located in Sacramento, CA / 1,587 miles away from Spring, TX

    At Carvana, we go miles beyond the extra mile. That's why we provide you with a convenient, fast, and hassle-free car buying experience that puts you ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    34 Combined MPG (30 City/40 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1FADP3FE6JL288064
    Stock: 2003558864
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 03-19-2025

    • 104,606 miles
    • 1 accident, 2 owners, personal use only
    • 26 City / 36 Hwy MPG
    • I & M Auto Sales (12 mi away)
    • Bluetooth
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • USB Inputs
    • Trip Computer
    • Rear Bench Seats
    Close

    Located in Houston, TX / 12 miles away from Spring, TX

    ***FINANCING AVAILABLE!!!!***0% FINANCING AVAILABLE FOR QUALIFIED BUYERS!! CALL FOR DETAILS. NO CREDIT, NO PROBLEM!!FLEXIBLE PAYMENT TERMS!!GET APPROV...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    30 Combined MPG (26 City/36 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1FADP3F25EL406486
    Stock: 406486
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 08-30-2024

  • New Listing
    • 108,460 miles
    • No accidents, 4 owners, personal use only
    • 26 City / 36 Hwy MPG
    • Sanders Motor Company (78 mi away)
    • Bluetooth
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • USB Inputs
    • Trip Computer
    • Rear Bench Seats
    Close

    Located in Beaumont, TX / 78 miles away from Spring, TX

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    30 Combined MPG (26 City/36 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1FADP3F25EL169370
    Stock: 169370
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 11-13-2024

  • New Listing
    • 84,842 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • Sanders Motor Company (78 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • USB Inputs
    • Upgraded Engine
    Close

    Located in Beaumont, TX / 78 miles away from Spring, TX

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1FADP3F21JL259173
    Stock: 259173
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 11-02-2024

    • 120,459 miles
    • Insurance loss reported, 3 owners, personal use only
    • 26 City / 36 Hwy MPG
    • Motorsports Imports (33 mi away)
    • Bluetooth
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • USB Inputs
    • Trip Computer
    • Rear Bench Seats
    Close

    Located in Houston, TX / 33 miles away from Spring, TX

    2014 FORD FOCUS SE 4DR HATCHBACK TITLE: CLEAN ( TEXAS) MILEAGE: 120459 MILES TRANSMISSION : AUTOMATIC DRIVETRAIN: FWD ENGINE: 2.0L I4 EXTERIOR COLOR: ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Issue reported

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: Yes

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    30 Combined MPG (26 City/36 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1FADP3K21EL246922
    Stock: 246922
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 02-06-2025

    • 106,137 miles
    • Issue reported, 2 owners, personal use only
    • 24 City / 34 Hwy MPG
    • Ella Blvd Motors (18 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • Parking sensors
    Close

    Located in Houston, TX / 18 miles away from Spring, TX

    2018 Ford Focus SE. FULLY LOADED with blue-tooth, navigation, back-up camera, and up-graded stereo. Runs and drives excellent. Ice cold A/C. We financ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Issue reported

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    28 Combined MPG (24 City/34 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1FADP3H24JL321422
    Stock: 12061
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 03-02-2025

  • New Listing
    • 56,756 miles
    • 1 accident, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 24 City / 34 Hwy MPG
    • Carvana (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in Richmond, VA / 1,145 miles away from Spring, TX

    At Carvana, we go miles beyond the extra mile. That's why we provide you with a convenient, fast, and hassle-free car buying experience that puts you ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    28 Combined MPG (24 City/34 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1FADP3N2XJL318769
    Stock: 2003738724
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 05-15-2025

  • Price Drop
    • 65,174 miles
    • 1 accident, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 24 City / 34 Hwy MPG
    • Carvana (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in Indianapolis, IN / 850 miles away from Spring, TX

    At Carvana, we go miles beyond the extra mile. That's why we provide you with a convenient, fast, and hassle-free car buying experience that puts you ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    28 Combined MPG (24 City/34 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1FADP3N20JL286513
    Stock: 2003455909
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 04-15-2025

  • Price Drop
    • 50,650 miles
    • Issue reported, 2 owners, rental vehicle
    • 26 City / 36 Hwy MPG
    • Carvana (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • Bluetooth
    • Leather Seats
    • Power Driver Seat
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • USB Inputs
    Close

    Located in Tampa, FL / 796 miles away from Spring, TX

    At Carvana, we go miles beyond the extra mile. That's why we provide you with a convenient, fast, and hassle-free car buying experience that puts you ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Issue reported

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    30 Combined MPG (26 City/36 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1FADP3K29EL392307
    Stock: 2003658858
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 04-18-2025

  • New Listing
    • 51,589 miles
    • 1 accident, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 24 City / 34 Hwy MPG
    • CarMax (In-stock online)
    • Transfer available from MO to TX*
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • Parking sensors
    Close

    Located in Independence, MO / 622 miles away from Spring, TX

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    28 Combined MPG (24 City/34 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1FADP3M21JL303272
    Stock: 27255695
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • Price Drop
    • 59,642 miles
    • 1 accident, 2 owners, personal use only
    • Carvana (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • USB Inputs
    • Upgraded Engine
    Close

    Located in Birmingham, AL / 559 miles away from Spring, TX

    At Carvana, we go miles beyond the extra mile. That's why we provide you with a convenient, fast, and hassle-free car buying experience that puts you ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1FADP3F2XJL248754
    Stock: 2003699489
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 05-01-2025

Showing 232 - 252 out of 325 listings

Consumer Reviews for the Ford Focus

Read recent reviews for the Ford Focus
Overall Consumer Rating
3.3 out of 5 stars101 Reviews
Write a vehicle reviewSee all 101 reviews
  • 5 star
    (33%)
  • 4 star
    (22%)
  • 3 star
    (11%)
  • 2 star
    (11%)
  • 1 star
    (24%)
5 out of 5 stars

Best. Purchase. Ever.

ilan, 09/04/2016
2016 Ford Focus SE 4dr Sedan (2.0L 4cyl 5M)
Recently chose a Focus as my first new car (SE sedan w/ the 4-cylinder and a manual transmission) after having driven the Mazda3, Golf, Jetta, Elantra, Forte, Cruze, Civic, Corolla and Lancer. Being a driving enthusiast (albeit on a serious budget) I found all but the Ford, Mazda 3 and the VW's to be pretty awful. In the case of the Focus it is for all intents and purposes the same car … that I recently drove in Portugal and feels very much like a small European sports sedan. Steering is precise, handling is stellar for what it is, the interior is of high quality (with a bit of a playful, cockpit-like feel), the ride is taught and compliant, the 4-banger produces adequate power and and there's very little road noise compared to the competition. The fact that I paid less than $13,000 (with incentives and rebates) for such an experience is well...pleasingly ridiculous every day. That it came with nicer wheels and tires than the Mazda3 or Jetta (16" alloys with Continentals) and all the basic power and infotainment options including a backup camera, etc. just sweetened the deal. Yes, the VW's are more refined and the Mazda is a bit more playful but for those that love to drive value-wise the Focus blows everything else out of the water. I almost got the Jetta turbo but in the end was happy spending thousands less for a lot of fun while supporting American manufacturing (the Focus is built in Michigan) versus a company that knowingly poisoned the planet and deceived millions of consumers. Yes I was aware of the reliability issues surrounding the dual-clutch transmission and although I understand things have gotten better, I dealt with my concerns by getting the manual I wanted anyway. My only serious gripes about the car is that I would love a center armrest that extends like the VW's and the backseat couldn't possibly be any tighter and miserable than it is. Overall though I couldn't be happier with my purchase and highly recommend the Focus to anyone who loves to drive but doesn't have the funds to spring for a GTI, WRX or ST.
Report abuse

Used 2018 Ford Focus in Spring, TX Values

Estimated values
2018 Ford Focus SE 4dr Sedan (1.0L 3cyl Turbo 6A) with no options
ConditionTrade-InPrivate PartyDealer Retail
Outstanding$6,177$9,829$12,839
Clean$5,931$9,427$12,302
Average$5,521$8,758$11,406
Rough$4,988$7,889$10,243

The average list price of a used 2018 Ford Focus in Spring, Texas is $12,350. The average mileage on a used Ford Focus 2018 for sale in Spring, Texas is 75,216. Based on the average mileage of 75,216 for used 2018 Ford Focus for sale in Spring, TX and using an average vehicle condition rating, which means the vehicle may have a few mechanical and/or cosmetic problems and may require a considerable amount of reconditioning, we appraise the average trade-in value of a used Ford Focus 2018 in Spring, Texas to be $5,521.

Filters
Skip to Results

Applied Filters4Active

Select Buying Experience

Location

Search radius100 miles
Search radius

Make & Model

Year

New / Used

Price & Payments

Price Rating

Body Type

Trim

Mileage

Accidents & History

Engine & Drivetrain

Exterior Color

Interior Color

Total Seating

Edmunds Review

Features

Options & Packages

MPG

Listing Details


* Delivery of any kind does not apply to Alaska and Hawaii. Contact the dealer for delivery details, restrictions and costs.