Skip to main content
Skip to Filters
257 listings
  • New Listing
    $13,199
    fair price
    $631 below market
    • 56,601 miles
    • No accidents, 3 owners, personal use
    • 24 City / 34 Hwy MPG
    • MINI of Ramsey (52 mi away)
    • Home delivery*
    • Bluetooth
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • Upgraded Stereo
    Close

    Located in Ramsey, NJ / 52 miles away from Bridgeport, CT

    CLEAN CARFAX! 6-SPEED AUTOMATIC TRANSMISSION! COLD WEATHER PACKAGE! HEATED POWER-FOLDING MIRRORS! HEATED FRONT SEATS! PREMIUM PACKAGE! COMFORT ACCESS ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    27 Combined MPG (24 City/34 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WMWXP7C57F2A33679
    Stock: I5681P
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 07-09-2025

  • $7,995
    good price
    $1,710 below market
    • 117,112 miles
    • No accidents, 4 owners, personal use only
    • 24 City / 34 Hwy MPG, Manual
    • Cars Buyer (52 mi away)
    • Bluetooth
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • USB Inputs
    • Multi-Zone Climate C...
    • Auto Climate Control
    Close

    Located in South Hackensack, NJ / 52 miles away from Bridgeport, CT

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    27 Combined MPG (24 City/34 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WMWXP7C54F2A58720
    Stock: A58720A
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • New Listing
    • 87,977 miles
    • No accidents, 3 owners, corporate fleet vehicle
    • 29 City / 40 Hwy MPG
    • CarMax Hartford (49 mi away)
    • Bluetooth
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • USB Inputs
    • Multi-Zone Climate C...
    • Auto Climate Control
    Close

    Located in Hartford, CT / 49 miles away from Bridgeport, CT

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    33 Combined MPG (29 City/40 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WMWXM5C56FT940038
    Stock: 27653251
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • New Listing
    • 65,456 miles
    • No accidents, 3 owners, personal use
    • 29 City / 40 Hwy MPG
    • CarMax Wayne (61 mi away)
    • Bluetooth
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • USB Inputs
    • Multi-Zone Climate C...
    • Auto Climate Control
    Close

    Located in Wayne, NJ / 61 miles away from Bridgeport, CT

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    33 Combined MPG (29 City/40 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WMWXS5C56FT828958
    Stock: 27365337
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

    • 94,737 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, corporate fleet vehicle
    • 29 City / 40 Hwy MPG
    • J&M Automotive (21 mi away)
    • Bluetooth
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • USB Inputs
    • Multi-Zone Climate C...
    • Auto Climate Control
    Close

    Located in Naugatuck, CT / 21 miles away from Bridgeport, CT

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    33 Combined MPG (29 City/40 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WMWXM5C5XF3A57272
    Stock: 1557272
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • Price Drop
    • 145,053 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use
    • 29 City / 40 Hwy MPG, Manual
    • MINI of Ramsey (52 mi away)
    • Home delivery*
    • Bluetooth
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • Trip Computer
    • Rear Bench Seats
    • Stability Control
    Close

    Located in Ramsey, NJ / 52 miles away from Bridgeport, CT

    CLEAN CARFAX! 6-SPEED MANUAL TRANSMISSION! COLD WEATHER PACKAGE! HEATED POWER-FOLDING MIRRORS! HEATED FRONT SEATS! PREMIUM PACKAGE 2! PANORAMIC MOONRO...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    33 Combined MPG (29 City/40 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WMWXM5C51ET972765
    Stock: I5686V
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 07-05-2025

  • Price Drop
    • 62,965 miles
    • 1 accident, 2 owners, personal use
    • 4cyl manual
    • MINI of Ramsey (52 mi away)
    • Home delivery*
    • Bluetooth
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • Parking sensors
    • Multi-Zone Climate C...
    • Auto Climate Control
    Close

    Located in Ramsey, NJ / 52 miles away from Bridgeport, CT

    6-SPEED MANUAL TRANSMISSION! 17 COSMOS SPOKE BLACK WHEELS! CHROME LINE EXTERIOR TRIM! HEATED FRONT SEATS! REAR PARK DISTANCE CONTROL! FRONT FOG LIGHTS...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    27 Combined MPG (23 City/33 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WMWWG9C57G3A92265
    Stock: I5567T
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 06-24-2025

  • Price Drop
    $7,495
    fair price
    $390 below market
    • 116,392 miles
    • 2 accidents, 2 owners, corporate fleet vehicle
    • 28 City / 38 Hwy MPG
    • Ace Auto Haus (73 mi away)
    • Bluetooth
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • USB Inputs
    • Multi-Zone Climate C...
    Close

    Located in Hazlet Township, NJ / 73 miles away from Bridgeport, CT

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    32 Combined MPG (28 City/38 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WMWXU1C50G2D08350
    Stock: G2D08350
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • $12,485
    fair price
    $586 below market
    • 69,075 miles
    • 1 accident, 4 owners, personal use only
    • 4cyl manual
    • NY Auto Find (39 mi away)
    • Bluetooth
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • Trip Computer
    • Rear Bench Seats
    • Stability Control
    Close

    Located in Massapequa, NY / 39 miles away from Bridgeport, CT

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    30 Combined MPG (26 City/35 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WMWZP3C51ET298296
    Stock: 3957
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • New Listing
    $11,985
    fair price
    $532 above market
    • 86,886 miles
    • No accidents, 5 owners, personal use
    • 4cyl automatic
    • NY Auto Find (39 mi away)
    • Bluetooth
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • Trip Computer
    • Rear Bench Seats
    • Stability Control
    Close

    Located in Massapequa, NY / 39 miles away from Bridgeport, CT

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    30 Combined MPG (26 City/35 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WMWZP3C59ET707063
    Stock: 3965
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • New Listing
    $5,995
    great price
    $2,301 below market
    • 125,000 miles
    • No accidents, 4 owners, personal use
    • 4cyl automatic
    • 3b Auto Sales (56 mi away)
    • Bluetooth
    • Upgraded Headlights
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • USB Inputs
    • Auto Climate Control
    Close

    Located in Paterson, NJ / 56 miles away from Bridgeport, CT

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    29 Combined MPG (26 City/35 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WMWZP3C55FT708163
    Stock: 708163
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 07-08-2025

  • Price Drop
    • 20,760 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 24 City / 34 Hwy MPG
    • NY Auto Find (39 mi away)
    • Bluetooth
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • Trip Computer
    • Rear Bench Seats
    • Stability Control
    Close

    Located in Massapequa, NY / 39 miles away from Bridgeport, CT

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    28 Combined MPG (24 City/34 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WMWXM7C50ET926436
    Stock: 4029
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • $7,495
    good price
    $1,637 below market
    • 103,611 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use
    • 29 City / 40 Hwy MPG
    • Auto Trader Wholesale (54 mi away)
    • Bluetooth
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • USB Inputs
    • Multi-Zone Climate C...
    • Auto Climate Control
    Close

    Located in Saddle Brook, NJ / 54 miles away from Bridgeport, CT

    Are you looking for a luxury vehicle? We offer you the best quality at the lowest prices wholesale prices. You have stumbled upon the right placePlea...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    33 Combined MPG (29 City/40 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WMWXM5C54F3A57610
    Stock: A57610
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 08-29-2024

    • 33,077 miles
    • 2 accidents, 4 owners, personal use only
    • 28 City / 38 Hwy MPG, Manual
    • NY Auto Find (39 mi away)
    • Bluetooth
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • USB Inputs
    • Multi-Zone Climate C...
    • Auto Climate Control
    Close

    Located in Massapequa, NY / 39 miles away from Bridgeport, CT

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    32 Combined MPG (28 City/38 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WMWXP5C52GT740086
    Stock: 4049
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • $12,985
    good price
    $4,596 below market
    • 84,374 miles
    • No accidents, 6 owners, personal use only
    • 26 City / 35 Hwy MPG
    • NY Auto Find (39 mi away)
    • Bluetooth
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • Trip Computer
    • Rear Bench Seats
    • Stability Control
    Close

    Located in Massapequa, NY / 39 miles away from Bridgeport, CT

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    29 Combined MPG (26 City/35 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WMWSU9C57DT379475
    Stock: 4041
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • New Listing
    $10,780
    fair price
    $748 below market
    • 46,208 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 24 City / 34 Hwy MPG, Manual
    • Jim Juliani Motors (28 mi away)
    • Bluetooth
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • USB Inputs
    • Multi-Zone Climate C...
    • Auto Climate Control
    Close

    Located in Waterbury, CT / 28 miles away from Bridgeport, CT

    All of our vehicles are hand picked by the owner and then they go through a 47 point service certification. We only sell the best quality vehicles ava...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    27 Combined MPG (24 City/34 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WMWXU3C57F2B61986
    Stock: 22045
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 07-08-2025

  • New Listing
    $13,998
    fair price
    $1,564 below market
    • 48,289 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use only
    • 29 City / 40 Hwy MPG
    • CarMax (In-stock online)
    • Transfer available from OR to CT*
    • Bluetooth
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • USB Inputs
    • Multi-Zone Climate C...
    • Auto Climate Control
    Close

    Located in Milwaukie, OR / 2,463 miles away from Bridgeport, CT

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    33 Combined MPG (29 City/40 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WMWXM5C55F3A58247
    Stock: 27272540
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

    • 54,237 miles
    • No accidents, 4 owners, personal use
    • 24 City / 34 Hwy MPG
    • Carvana (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • Bluetooth
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • USB Inputs
    • Multi-Zone Climate C...
    • Auto Climate Control
    Close

    Located in Phoenix, AZ / 2,181 miles away from Bridgeport, CT

    At Carvana, we go miles beyond the extra mile. That's why we provide you with a convenient, fast, and hassle-free car buying experience that puts you ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    27 Combined MPG (24 City/34 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WMWXP7C55F2A40467
    Stock: 2003761536
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 05-29-2025

  • $15,998
    fair price
    $1,301 above market
    • 23,860 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 29 City / 40 Hwy MPG
    • CarMax (In-stock online)
    • Transfer available from CA to CT*
    • Bluetooth
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • USB Inputs
    • Multi-Zone Climate C...
    • Auto Climate Control
    Close

    Located in Duarte, CA / 2,472 miles away from Bridgeport, CT

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: Yes

    Features and Specs:

    33 Combined MPG (29 City/40 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WMWXM5C58FT939456
    Stock: 27482754
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • Price Drop
    $9,980
    good price
    $2,657 below market
    • 46,623 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 26 City / 35 Hwy MPG
    • Rev Auto Wholesalers (57 mi away)
    • Bluetooth
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • Trip Computer
    • Rear Bench Seats
    • Stability Control
    Close

    Located in Paterson, NJ / 57 miles away from Bridgeport, CT

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    29 Combined MPG (26 City/35 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WMWSV3C57DT394990
    Stock: 394990
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • Price Drop
    $9,695
    fair price
    $272 below market
    • 80,212 miles
    • 1 accident, 3 owners, personal use only
    • 29 City / 40 Hwy MPG, Manual
    • Auto Empire (60 mi away)
    • Bluetooth
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • USB Inputs
    • Multi-Zone Climate C...
    • Auto Climate Control
    Close

    Located in Brooklyn, NY / 60 miles away from Bridgeport, CT

    2015 Mini Cooper Hardtop 2 Door Hatchback. 1.5L I3 - Excellent on Gas. Manual 6-Speed (stick shift). 80k All Highway Miles. Good Tires. Clean Leather ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    33 Combined MPG (29 City/40 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WMWXM5C54F3A96777
    Stock: A96777
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 06-29-2025

Showing 1 - 21 out of 257 listings

Consumer Reviews for the MINI Cooper

Read recent reviews for the MINI Cooper
Overall Consumer Rating
4.1 out of 5 stars37 Reviews
Write a vehicle reviewSee all 37 reviews
  • 5 star
    (51%)
  • 4 star
    (24%)
  • 3 star
    (14%)
  • 2 star
    (5%)
  • 1 star
    (5%)
4 out of 5 stars

BMW doesn't honor its warranty

Dr. Henry Mullaney, 12/19/2015
2015 MINI Cooper John Cooper Works 2dr Hatchback (2.0L 4cyl Turbo 6M)
Mini Cooper provides a 3 year warranty on the car, but BMW refuses to honor it. BMW makes the engine, clutch, and transmission for Mini Cooper. To simplify logistics, they use the same clutch on all their Mini drive chains. As an engineer, I know that the first rule for choosing a clutch for a car is that it should be able to handle the torque produced by the engine. The Mini clutch … was designed for the standard 140 HP Mini engine. The JCW comes with 208 HP. To make matters worse, the Mini clutch is backwards from standard clutches. During shifting, the clutch disengages the transmission and not the engine. That means that the thrust bearing continues to rotate while handling a lot of load. The standard half inch steel bearing cannot hold up to the 208 HP engine. There is an easy fix to this problem which engineers know about. You replace the half inch steel bearing with a three quarter inch ceramic bearing made to handle the horsepower. To save less that $10 per car, BMW decided not to do this. Therefore their clutches wear out. The last time my clutch failed, about 2 years after purchase with a three year warranty, BMW refused to pay for my warranty repair, and I am out about $2000. I asked my dealer to use a heavy duty clutch which I would buy during this last repair. But their contract with Mini Cooper doesn't allow them to use any parts but BMW parts. BMW tells me that I do not know how to drive a clutched car. I have driven Saabs with standard transmissions and clutches for over 20 years and have never had a clutch failure. I currently drive a 1999 Saab 9-3 convertible with 150,000 miles on it, with the original clutch still working fine.
Report abuse

Used 2015 MINI Cooper in Bridgeport, CT Values

Estimated values
2015 MINI Cooper S 2dr Hatchback (2.0L 4cyl Turbo 6A) with no options
ConditionTrade-InPrivate PartyDealer Retail
Outstanding$7,701$10,949$13,113
Clean$7,380$10,453$12,472
Average$6,844$9,626$11,405
Rough$6,148$8,551$10,017

The average list price of a used 2015 MINI Cooper in Bridgeport, Connecticut is $11,654. The average mileage on a used MINI Cooper 2015 for sale in Bridgeport, Connecticut is 74,691. Based on the average mileage of 74,691 for used 2015 MINI Cooper for sale in Bridgeport, CT and using an average vehicle condition rating, which means the vehicle may have a few mechanical and/or cosmetic problems and may require a considerable amount of reconditioning, we appraise the average trade-in value of a used MINI Cooper 2015 in Bridgeport, Connecticut to be $6,844.

Filters
Skip to Results

Applied Filters4Active

Select Buying Experience

Location

Search radius100 miles
Search radius

Make & Model

Year

New / Used

Price & Payments

Price Rating

Body Type

Trim

Mileage

Accidents & History

Engine & Drivetrain

Exterior Color

Interior Color

Total Seating

Edmunds Review

Features

Options & Packages

MPG

Listing Details


* Delivery of any kind does not apply to Alaska and Hawaii. Contact the dealer for delivery details, restrictions and costs.