Skip to main content
Skip to Filters
1,894 listings

Save with BMW X5 rebates
Check your savings potential before you buy

  • New Listing
    $27,999
    good price
    $1,092 below market
    • 94,314 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use
    • 5 Seats, 21 City / 25 Hwy MPG
    • Elite Auto Trend (10 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    Close

    Located in Bloomfield, NJ / 10 miles away from New York, NY

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    23 Combined MPG (21 City/25 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 5UXCR6C0XM9F32957
    Stock: M9F32957
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • $34,695
    fair price
    $1,086 below market
    • 42,085 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use
    • 5 Seats, 17 City / 22 Hwy MPG
    • Xclusive Wholesale Gallery LLC (14 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    Close

    Located in Elizabeth, NJ / 14 miles away from New York, NY

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    19 Combined MPG (17 City/22 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 5UXJU2C55KLN66232
    Stock: KLN66232
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

    • 96,346 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 5 Seats, 16 City / 22 Hwy MPG
    • Habberstad BMW (33 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    Close

    Located in Huntington Station, NY / 33 miles away from New York, NY

    This 2021 BMW X5 M50i, has a Carbon Black Metallic exterior and a Coffee interior. Please call us at 855-785-7419 and reference stock number 9H...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    18 Combined MPG (16 City/22 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 5UXJU4C07M9H09250
    Stock: 9H09250U
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 07-22-2025

  • New Listing
    • 41,244 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use
    • 5 Seats, 21 City / 25 Hwy MPG
    • BMW of Fort Washington (76 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Fort Washington, PA / 76 miles away from New York, NY

    Black Sapphire Metallic 2021 BMW X5 xDrive40i AWD 8-Speed Automatic Sport 3.0L I6 DOHC 24V TwinPower Turbo Black w/Vernasca Leather Upholstery, 4-Zone...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    23 Combined MPG (21 City/25 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 5UXCR6C08M9G95509
    Stock: FG95509T
    Certified Pre-Owned: Yes
    Listed since: 07-28-2025

    • 79,771 miles
    • 1 accident, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 5 Seats, 21 City / 25 Hwy MPG
    • Victory Mitsubishi (13 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Bronx, NY / 13 miles away from New York, NY

    Welcome to Victory Mitsubishi! We offer a combined inventory of 700 cars new and luxury used vehicles. All Used vehicles come with a quality assurance...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    23 Combined MPG (21 City/25 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 5UXCR6C03M9H04651
    Stock: 28374B
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 03-14-2025

    • 55,620 miles
    • 1 accident, 2 owners, personal use
    • 5 Seats, 20 City / 26 Hwy MPG
    • Victory Mitsubishi (13 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    Close

    Located in Bronx, NY / 13 miles away from New York, NY

    Welcome to Victory Mitsubishi! We offer a combined inventory of 700 cars new and luxury used vehicles. All Used vehicles come with a quality assurance...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    22 Combined MPG (20 City/26 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 5UXCR6C51KLL27830
    Stock: 29575T
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 07-19-2025

    • 41,124 miles
    • Insurance loss reported, 4 owners, personal use
    • 5 Seats, 17 City / 22 Hwy MPG
    • Victory Mitsubishi (13 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    Close

    Located in Bronx, NY / 13 miles away from New York, NY

    Welcome to Victory Mitsubishi! We offer a combined inventory of 700 cars new and luxury used vehicles. All Used vehicles come with a quality assurance...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Issue reported

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: Yes

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    19 Combined MPG (17 City/22 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 5UXJU2C59KLN64063
    Stock: 19906
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 10-24-2022

  • Price Drop
    • 50,516 miles
    • 2 accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 5 Seats, 21 City / 25 Hwy MPG
    • Power Motors NYC (14 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Floral Park, NY / 14 miles away from New York, NY

    Welcome to Power Motors NYC! We offer premium luxury vehicles in a boutique setting so your car buying experience is second to none. All of our vehicl...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    23 Combined MPG (21 City/25 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 5UXCR6C03M9G29708
    Stock: 5120P
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 03-18-2025

  • New Listing
    Stock photo**
    • 35,033 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 5 Seats, 20 City / 26 Hwy MPG
    • Acura of Ocean (36 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Ocean, NJ / 36 miles away from New York, NY

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    22 Combined MPG (20 City/26 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 5UXCR6C57KLK88628
    Stock: 104031A
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 07-26-2025

  • Price Drop
    $18,900
    great price
    $3,272 below market
    • 99,743 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use
    • 5 Seats, 23 City / 29 Hwy MPG
    • Car2Sell (12 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Hillside, NJ / 12 miles away from New York, NY

    Visit Car2Sell online at car2sell.us to see more pictures of this vehicle or call us at 888-703-0003 today to schedule your test drive.We Finance Goo...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    25 Combined MPG (23 City/29 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 5UXKS4C58J0Y19355
    Stock: J0Y19355
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

    • 41,863 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 5 Seats, 21 City / 25 Hwy MPG
    • BMW of Fort Washington (76 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Fort Washington, PA / 76 miles away from New York, NY

    JUST ARRIVED. PENDING INSPECTION. Dark Graphite Metallic 2021 BMW X5 xDrive40i AWD 8-Speed Automatic Sport 3.0L I6 DOHC 24V TwinPower Turbo Black w/Se...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    23 Combined MPG (21 City/25 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 5UXCR6C02M9F49140
    Stock: FF49140T
    Certified Pre-Owned: Yes
    Listed since: 07-08-2025

  • New Listing
    Stock photo**
    • 65,528 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use
    • 5 Seats, 20 City / 26 Hwy MPG
    • Queens Auto Mall (10 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Queens, NY / 10 miles away from New York, NY

    Shop the best deals on hundreds of top quality preowned vehicles right in the heart of Queens, NY only at Queens Auto Mall! This SUV is a superb examp...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    22 Combined MPG (20 City/26 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 5UXCR6C53KLL35301
    Stock: 084591
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 07-24-2025

    • 65,962 miles
    • 2 accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 5 Seats, 16 City / 22 Hwy MPG
    • Victory Mitsubishi (13 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    Close

    Located in Bronx, NY / 13 miles away from New York, NY

    Welcome to Victory Mitsubishi! We offer a combined inventory of 700 cars new and luxury used vehicles. All Used vehicles come with a quality assurance...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    18 Combined MPG (16 City/22 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 5UXJU4C06M9D86793
    Stock: 18845
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 04-23-2025

    • 53,498 miles
    • 1 accident, 2 owners, corporate fleet vehicle
    • 5 Seats, 16 City / 22 Hwy MPG
    • Victory Mitsubishi (13 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    Close

    Located in Bronx, NY / 13 miles away from New York, NY

    Welcome to Victory Mitsubishi! We offer a combined inventory of 700 cars new and luxury used vehicles. All Used vehicles come with a quality assurance...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    18 Combined MPG (16 City/22 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 5UXJU4C09M9H13784
    Stock: 29125
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 05-13-2025

  • $32,695
    great price
    $4,871 below market
    • 49,966 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 5 Seats, 21 City / 25 Hwy MPG
    • Pristine Mitsubishi (39 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Commack, NY / 39 miles away from New York, NY

    Black Artificial Leather, ABS brakes, Brake assist, Connected Package Pro, Enhanced Bluetooth, Exterior Parking Camera Rear, Four wheel independent su...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    23 Combined MPG (21 City/25 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 5UXCR6C00N9L82906
    Stock: 53559
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 12-18-2024

  • $19,943
    great price
    $3,195 below market
    • 73,451 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use
    • 5 Seats, 18 City / 24 Hwy MPG
    • City Motor Group (24 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Haskell, NJ / 24 miles away from New York, NY

    Priced below KBB Fair Purchase Price!Internet Special prices and/or listed prices EXCLUDE; Taxes; Registration; ; Documentation of $549 And DPF to P...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    20 Combined MPG (18 City/24 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 5UXKR0C53J0X92540
    Stock: CM-02612
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 03-07-2025

  • $37,995
    great price
    $4,916 below market
    • 53,314 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, corporate fleet vehicle
    • 5 Seats, 16 City / 22 Hwy MPG
    • Prestige Auto Group (19 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    Close

    Located in Avenel, NJ / 19 miles away from New York, NY

    BEST PRICE ON THE MARKET! NO NEED FOR PERFECT CREDIT! FREE CARFAX! THIS CAR IS PRICED FOR A QUICK SALE! IT HAS A GREAT LOOKING EXTERIOR! PLEASE CALL ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    18 Combined MPG (16 City/22 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 5UXJU4C03L9C67081
    Stock: OPC67081
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • $29,995
    fair price
    $378 below market
    • 55,673 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use
    • 5 Seats, 20 City / 26 Hwy MPG
    • J&M Automotive (71 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Naugatuck, CT / 71 miles away from New York, NY

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    22 Combined MPG (20 City/26 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 5UXCR6C50KLL04524
    Stock: 1904524
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • $37,985
    great price
    $4,381 below market
    • 71,738 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 5 Seats, 16 City / 22 Hwy MPG
    • Fast Track Motors (14 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    Close

    Located in Paterson, NJ / 14 miles away from New York, NY

    2022 BMW X5!!! M50I!!! TWIN TURBO 4.4L!!! ALL WHEEL DRIVE!!! ONE OWNER!!! CLEAN CARFAX!!! LOADED!!! BLUE OVER WHITE!!! BMW INDIVIDUAL INTERIOR!!! LEA...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    18 Combined MPG (16 City/22 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 5UXJU4C05N9J36105
    Stock: FT07702
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 05-08-2025

  • Price Drop
    $43,500
    great price
    $4,072 below market
    • 35,864 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use
    • 31 mi est. electric range
    • 5 Seats, 19 City / 22 Hwy MPG
    • Driveway (24 mi away)
    • Home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    Close

    Located in Nanuet, NY / 24 miles away from New York, NY

    CarFax No Accidents Reported,Green Vehicle,Apple CarPlay,Automatic Parking,Back-Up Camera,Blind Spot Monitor,Bluetooth,Brake Assist,Hands-Free Liftgat...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    20 Combined MPG (19 City/22 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 5UXTA6C08N9L85902
    Stock: N9L85902D
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • New Listing
    • 86,797 miles
    • No accidents, 3 owners, corporate fleet vehicle
    • 5 Seats, 21 City / 25 Hwy MPG
    • Philly Auto (77 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Philadelphia, PA / 77 miles away from New York, NY

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    23 Combined MPG (21 City/25 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 5UXCR6C09M9E43994
    Stock: 13918
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 03-31-2025

Showing 106 - 126 out of 1,894 listings

Consumer Reviews for the BMW X5

Read recent reviews for the BMW X5
Overall Consumer Rating
4.2 out of 5 stars35 Reviews
Write a vehicle reviewSee all 35 reviews
  • 5 star
    (63%)
  • 4 star
    (9%)
  • 3 star
    (14%)
  • 2 star
    (14%)
  • 1 star
    (0%)
5 out of 5 stars

Love the smooth power from the straight 6

X5-er, 04/11/2020
2020 BMW X5 xDrive40i 4dr SUV AWD (3.0L 6cyl Turbo 8A)
Not sure if any where people are coming up with the low reviews or even if they actually own an X5. We’ve had ours two months and it’s a comfortable, smooth, powerful, engaging vehicle to drive. I commute about 25 miles each way and we took it on a 1500 mile round trip to pick my daughter up from school and have been very satisfied. I’m a tech guy and love all the gadgets in this car and … have had no issues with CarPlay or any of the electronics so far. I was debating the M50i version and am sure I would have loved the V8 on the occasional times I would have stomped on it. Honestly the straight 6 with a 0-60 time around 5 seconds is still very satisfying for a vehicle this size and was much more affordable from an initial price and ongoing gas mileage standpoint. I’ve been averaging about 22mpg in mixed driving and saw 25 mpg on our long trip. This is our second BMW X vehicle and we wouldn’t hesitate to buy another one in the future.
Report abuse

Used 2021 BMW X5 in New York, NY Values

Estimated values
2021 BMW X5 xDrive40i 4dr SUV AWD (3.0L 6cyl Turbo gas/electric mild hybrid 8A) with no options
ConditionTrade-InPrivate PartyDealer Retail
Outstanding$29,751$32,098$34,449
Clean$29,287$31,589$33,893
Average$28,512$30,739$32,966
Rough$27,505$29,635$31,762

The average list price of a used 2021 BMW X5 in New York, New York is $33,320. The average mileage on a used BMW X5 2021 for sale in New York, New York is 61,402. Based on the average mileage of 61,402 for used 2021 BMW X5 for sale in New York, NY and using an average vehicle condition rating, which means the vehicle may have a few mechanical and/or cosmetic problems and may require a considerable amount of reconditioning, we appraise the average trade-in value of a used BMW X5 2021 in New York, New York to be $28,512.

Filters
Skip to Results

Applied Filters4Active

Select Buying Experience

Location

Search radius100 miles
Search radius

Make & Model

Year

New / Used

Price & Payments

Price Rating

Body Type

Trim

Mileage

Accidents & History

EV Details

Engine & Drivetrain

Exterior Color

Interior Color

Total Seating

Edmunds Review

Features

Options & Packages

MPG

Listing Details


* Delivery of any kind does not apply to Alaska and Hawaii. Contact the dealer for delivery details, restrictions and costs.