Skip to main content
Skip to Filters
5,621 listings
  • Price Drop
    • 75,061 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use
    • 5 Seats, 22 City / 28 Hwy MPG
    • Carlson Toyota (306 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in Coon Rapids, MN / 306 miles away from Omaha, NE

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    25 Combined MPG (22 City/28 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JTMRFREV9JJ734694
    Stock: P11657
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 05-10-2025

    • 39,698 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 5 Seats, 22 City / 29 Hwy MPG
    • CarMax Schaumburg (416 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • USB Inputs
    Close

    Located in Schaumburg, IL / 416 miles away from Omaha, NE

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: Yes

    Features and Specs:

    25 Combined MPG (22 City/29 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 2T3BFREV3GW428876
    Stock: 27212893
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

    • 120,514 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use
    • 5 Seats, 22 City / 29 Hwy MPG
    • Carvana - Oklahoma City (406 mi away)
    • Home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • USB Inputs
    Close

    Located in Oklahoma City, OK / 406 miles away from Omaha, NE

    At Carvana, we go miles beyond the extra mile. That's why we provide you with a convenient, fast, and hassle-free car buying experience that puts you ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    25 Combined MPG (22 City/29 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 2T3BFREV6GW435921
    Stock: 2003731839
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 05-28-2025

    • 91,723 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use
    • 5 Seats, 22 City / 28 Hwy MPG
    • Napleton Hyundai Hazelwood (346 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in Hazelwood, MO / 346 miles away from Omaha, NE

    2018 Toyota RAV4 2.5L 4-Cylinder DOHC Dual VVT-i AWD AWD. Service Work completed on this Toyota RAV4 includes: Complete Multi-Point Inspection by fact...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    24 Combined MPG (22 City/28 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 2T3DFREV4JW766044
    Stock: JW766044
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 05-06-2025

  • New Listing
    • 73,320 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use
    • 5 Seats, 23 City / 30 Hwy MPG
    • CarMax Tinley Park (429 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Blind Spot Monitorin...
    Close

    Located in Tinley Park, IL / 429 miles away from Omaha, NE

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    26 Combined MPG (23 City/30 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JTMWFREV2JJ186265
    Stock: 26455926
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

    • 60,204 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 5 Seats, 24 City / 31 Hwy MPG
    • CarMax West 104th Ave (479 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Upgraded Headlights
    Close

    Located in Federal Heights, CO / 479 miles away from Omaha, NE

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    26 Combined MPG (24 City/31 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JTMNFREV3GJ064891
    Stock: 27414536
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

    • 70,866 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use
    • 5 Seats, 22 City / 28 Hwy MPG
    • Burnsville Toyota (279 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • USB Inputs
    Close

    Located in Burnsville, MN / 279 miles away from Omaha, NE

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    25 Combined MPG (22 City/28 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JTMBFREV3JJ218381
    Stock: 1036181
    Certified Pre-Owned: Yes
    Listed since: 05-15-2025

  • Price Drop
    • 122,857 miles
    • No accidents, 3 owners, rental vehicle
    • 5 Seats, 22 City / 29 Hwy MPG
    • AutoNation Toyota Arapahoe (477 mi away)
    • Five Star Dealer
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    Close

    Located in Centennial, CO / 477 miles away from Omaha, NE

    The following items have been reconditioned on this vehicle: new brakes! Sun/MoonroofRear Spoiler50 State EmissionsBarcelona Red MetallicBlack;...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    25 Combined MPG (22 City/29 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 2T3RFREV1GW487777
    Stock: GW487777
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 05-13-2025

  • Price Drop
    • 128,202 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use only
    • 5 Seats, 22 City / 29 Hwy MPG
    • AutoNation Toyota Arapahoe (477 mi away)
    • Five Star Dealer
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    Close

    Located in Centennial, CO / 477 miles away from Omaha, NE

    Sun/MoonroofTonneau CoverRear Spoiler50 State EmissionsAsh; Fabric Seat TrimBlackThis vehicle includes a Money-Back Guarantee* and passed our ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    25 Combined MPG (22 City/29 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 2T3RFREV1GW475743
    Stock: GW475743
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 05-19-2025

    • 79,092 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use
    • 5 Seats, 22 City / 28 Hwy MPG
    • Burnsville Toyota (279 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in Burnsville, MN / 279 miles away from Omaha, NE

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    25 Combined MPG (22 City/28 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 2T3RFREV5JW750750
    Stock: 1036182
    Certified Pre-Owned: Yes
    Listed since: 05-15-2025

  • New Listing
    • 147,704 miles
    • 1 accident, 2 owners, personal use only
    • 5 Seats, 22 City / 29 Hwy MPG
    • McCarthy Olathe Hyundai (175 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Olathe, KS / 175 miles away from Omaha, NE

    Certified. Recent Arrival! Super White 2016 Toyota 4D Sport Utility RAV4 Limited AWD 6-Speed Automatic 2.5L 4-Cylinder DOHC Dual VVT-i RAV4 Limited, 4...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    25 Combined MPG (22 City/29 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 2T3DFREV1GW453509
    Stock: H57031B
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 06-05-2025

    • 143,636 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use only
    • 5 Seats, 22 City / 28 Hwy MPG
    • Carlson Toyota (306 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in Coon Rapids, MN / 306 miles away from Omaha, NE

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    25 Combined MPG (22 City/28 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JTMRFREV4JJ233017
    Stock: 71044A
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 05-27-2025

  • New Listing
    • 25,291 miles
    • 2 accidents, 1 owner, personal use
    • 5 Seats, 22 City / 28 Hwy MPG
    • CarMax Wichita (254 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • USB Inputs
    Close

    Located in Wichita, KS / 254 miles away from Omaha, NE

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    25 Combined MPG (22 City/28 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 2T3BFREV3JW839315
    Stock: 27109919
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • Price Drop
    $19,900
    great price
    $2,491 below market
    • 88,566 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use only
    • 5 Seats, 27 City / 34 Hwy MPG
    • Briggs Supercenter Manhattan (148 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Upgraded Headlights
    • Blind Spot Monitorin...
    Close

    Located in Manhattan, KS / 148 miles away from Omaha, NE

    If you decide to speak with one of our knowledgeable associates - please reference this Stock number CSTF0108T1. Connect with us now by calling 620-22...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    30 Combined MPG (27 City/34 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JTMG1RFV5KD502713
    Stock: CSTF0108T1
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 04-25-2025

  • Stock photo**
    • 107,164 miles
    • No accidents, 4 owners, corporate fleet vehicle
    • 5 Seats, 22 City / 29 Hwy MPG
    • Mungenast Burkard Alton Toyota (350 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in Alton, IL / 350 miles away from Omaha, NE

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    25 Combined MPG (22 City/29 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JTMJFREV0GD180076
    Stock: K4962
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 06-04-2025

  • New Listing
    • 32,657 miles
    • 1 accident, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 5 Seats, 22 City / 28 Hwy MPG
    • AutoNation USA Denver 104 (478 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in Northglenn, CO / 478 miles away from Omaha, NE

    Power Plus Extra Value PackageSun/MoonroofAll Weather Liner PackageLane Keeping AssistKeyless StartRear Spoiler50 State EmissionsBlackBlack; F...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    25 Combined MPG (22 City/28 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 2T3RFREV3JW746793
    Stock: JW746793
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 06-07-2025

    • 141,073 miles
    • 2 accidents, 2 owners, personal use only
    • 5 Seats, 22 City / 29 Hwy MPG
    • Johnson Auto of Laramie (496 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    Close

    Located in Laramie, WY / 496 miles away from Omaha, NE

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    25 Combined MPG (22 City/29 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JTMRFREV0GJ069404
    Stock: SN649052M
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 05-30-2025

    • 105,686 miles
    • 1 accident, 2 owners, personal use only
    • 5 Seats, 22 City / 28 Hwy MPG
    • AutoNation Chrysler Jeep West (491 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Golden, CO / 491 miles away from Omaha, NE

    The following items have been reconditioned on this vehicle: new brakes and all new tires! Sun/MoonroofNavigation SystemSpecial ColorLane Keepin...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    24 Combined MPG (22 City/28 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JTMDFREV5JD246884
    Stock: JD246884
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 04-11-2025

  • Price Drop
    • 93,266 miles
    • 3 accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 5 Seats, 22 City / 29 Hwy MPG
    • CarMax Schaumburg (416 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • USB Inputs
    Close

    Located in Schaumburg, IL / 416 miles away from Omaha, NE

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: Yes

    Features and Specs:

    25 Combined MPG (22 City/29 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JTMBFREV6GD180118
    Stock: 27346146
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

    • 26,607 miles
    • 1 accident, 1 owner, personal use
    • 5 Seats, 22 City / 28 Hwy MPG
    • Burnsville Toyota (279 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in Burnsville, MN / 279 miles away from Omaha, NE

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    25 Combined MPG (22 City/28 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 2T3RFREV5JW754099
    Stock: 1035873
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 04-08-2025

    • 83,550 miles
    • 1 accident, 2 owners, personal use
    • 5 Seats, 22 City / 28 Hwy MPG
    • Walser Polar Mazda (305 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • USB Inputs
    Close

    Located in White Bear Lake, MN / 305 miles away from Omaha, NE

    At Walser, you’ll get an exceptional car-buying experience. Our *streamlined process* means you’ll work with one dedicated customer specialist to help...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    25 Combined MPG (22 City/28 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JTMBFREV1JJ728311
    Stock: 23M1428T
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 05-21-2025

Showing 85 - 105 out of 5,621 listings

Consumer Reviews for the Toyota RAV4

Read recent reviews for the Toyota RAV4
Overall Consumer Rating
4.2 out of 5 stars121 Reviews
Write a vehicle reviewSee all 121 reviews
  • 5 star
    (55%)
  • 4 star
    (24%)
  • 3 star
    (12%)
  • 2 star
    (7%)
  • 1 star
    (2%)
5 out of 5 stars

2017 RAV4 Light Years Ahead of Older Model

Karl Fischer, 05/04/2017
2017 Toyota RAV4 XLE 4dr SUV AWD (2.5L 4cyl 6A)
(Update as of May, 2021 - I'd like to see Toyota provide better quality tires on their new entry-level vehicles such as their RAV4. Our tires (all 4) are cracking near the rim and need to be replaced, with only 20,000 miles on them!) We compared both the new 2017 Mazda CX-5 and the RAV4 and while both are excellent compact SUVs, my wife preferred the lower dashboard and simpler console … of the RAV4, so that's how we went. The new XLE version is so much quieter than our older 2011 RAV4 and has a much improved ride. The Entune sound system is likewise deserving of high marks, and even though it doesn't have Apple Car Play, it works seamlessly with both Bluetooth and the lightning/USB connection for music, calls, etc. Very impressive. On the mechanical side, the RAV has real good pickup and has kept us in the 30-31 mpg range on our two highway trips thus far. For an AWD vehicle that's not too shabby! Overall we are extremely pleased with our purchase. Given Toyota's legendary reliability, we expect to enjoy the RAV4 for quite some time. Lastly, the only improvements I would recommend for the XLE level would be: an additional USB port either in the console or in the rear of the console, the option for heated seats, and a wider choice of cloth seat and dash colors. Update - May 2020: I would not change a thing in my review - still a great compact SUV! Update - December 2022: No changes to the review. Up to 26,000 miles now. Do wish it had Apple Car Play.
Report abuse

Used 2018 Toyota RAV4 in Omaha, NE Values

Estimated values
2018 Toyota RAV4 XLE 4dr SUV AWD (2.5L 4cyl 6A) with no options
ConditionTrade-InPrivate PartyDealer Retail
Outstanding$15,439$18,062$20,234
Clean$14,821$17,317$19,376
Average$13,791$16,076$17,945
Rough$12,451$14,462$16,086

The average list price of a used 2018 Toyota RAV4 in Omaha, Nebraska is $21,148. The average mileage on a used Toyota RAV4 2018 for sale in Omaha, Nebraska is 88,416. Based on the average mileage of 88,416 for used 2018 Toyota RAV4 for sale in Omaha, NE and using an average vehicle condition rating, which means the vehicle may have a few mechanical and/or cosmetic problems and may require a considerable amount of reconditioning, we appraise the average trade-in value of a used Toyota RAV4 2018 in Omaha, Nebraska to be $13,791.

Filters
Skip to Results

Applied Filters4Active

Select Buying Experience

Location

Search radius500 miles
Search radius

Make & Model

Year

New / Used

Price & Payments

Price Rating

Body Type

Trim

Mileage

Accidents & History

Engine & Drivetrain

Exterior Color

Interior Color

Total Seating

Edmunds Review

Features

Options & Packages

MPG

Listing Details


* Delivery of any kind does not apply to Alaska and Hawaii. Contact the dealer for delivery details, restrictions and costs.