Skip to main content
Skip to Filters
5,847 listings
  • $12,785
    great price
    $2,255 below market
    • 181,260 miles
    • 1 accident, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 8 Seats, 19 City / 25 Hwy MPG
    • VC Cars Gwinnett (150 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Duluth, GA / 150 miles away from Huntsville, AL

    ***PLEASE CALL US FOR A FREE CARFAX REPORT AT 678-869-1900 *** Extended warranty coverage is available for all vehicles upon request. Pricing is dete...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    21 Combined MPG (19 City/25 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 5TDKKRFH6FS077031
    Stock: B077031
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • Price Drop
    $18,799
    good price
    $1,635 below market
    • 94,248 miles
    • No accidents, 4 owners, corporate fleet vehicle
    • 8 Seats, 19 City / 25 Hwy MPG
    • EchoPark Automotive Birmingham (84 mi away)
    • Five Star Dealer
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Birmingham, AL / 84 miles away from Huntsville, AL

    At EchoPark, it’s all about offering you options for a happy experience. We have thousands of new-to-you makes and models that range from sedans to tr...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    21 Combined MPG (19 City/25 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 5TDKKRFH4FS046246
    Stock: CFS046246
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 04-15-2025

  • $11,400
    great price
    $1,409 below market
    • 188,861 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use only
    • 8 Seats, 20 City / 25 Hwy MPG
    • Crain Kia of Sherwood (317 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Third-row seating
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • USB Inputs
    Close

    Located in Sherwood, AR / 317 miles away from Huntsville, AL

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    22 Combined MPG (20 City/25 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 5TDZARFH1FS011259
    Stock: 5KV5242A
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 03-28-2025

  • Stock photo**
    $19,528
    great price
    $3,181 below market
    • 96,910 miles
    • 1 accident, 3 owners, personal use only
    • 7 Seats, 18 City / 24 Hwy MPG
    • Jim Ellis Cadillac of Atlanta (145 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    Close

    Located in Atlanta, GA / 145 miles away from Huntsville, AL

    Discover the perfect blend of power, style, and advanced technology in this stunning 2015 Toyota Highlander Limited w/Technology Package. This excepti...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    20 Combined MPG (18 City/24 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 5TDDKRFH3FS100015
    Stock: ESV5132B
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 05-21-2025

  • New Listing
    Stock photo**
    $16,485
    great price
    $1,492 below market
    • 131,941 miles
    • No accidents, 3 owners, personal use only
    • 7 Seats, 19 City / 25 Hwy MPG
    • VC Cars Gwinnett (150 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Duluth, GA / 150 miles away from Huntsville, AL

    ***PLEASE CALL US FOR A FREE CARFAX REPORT AT 678-869-1900 *** Extended warranty coverage is available for all vehicles upon request. Pricing is dete...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    21 Combined MPG (19 City/25 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 5TDYKRFH2FS110262
    Stock: W110262
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • $19,566
    fair price
    $327 below market
    • 120,408 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 7 Seats, 19 City / 25 Hwy MPG
    • Mark McLarty Ford (317 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in North Little Rock, AR / 317 miles away from Huntsville, AL

    Recent Arrival! **CUSTOMER'S ARE #1 @ MARK MCLARTY FORD**ARKANSAS' PREMIER FORD AND LINCOLN DEALER** BEST PRICES! BEST INVENTORY! BEST OVERALL SALES, ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    21 Combined MPG (19 City/25 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 5TDYKRFH9FS049900
    Stock: FS049900
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 04-23-2025

  • $14,499
    good price
    $1,475 below market
    • 160,341 miles
    • No accidents, 3 owners, personal use only
    • 8 Seats, 19 City / 25 Hwy MPG
    • Renaldo Honda (294 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Third-row seating
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • USB Inputs
    Close

    Located in Shelby, NC / 294 miles away from Huntsville, AL

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    21 Combined MPG (19 City/25 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 5TDZKRFH4FS039327
    Stock: PH1613A
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 03-31-2025

  • $14,848
    fair price
    $592 below market
    • 143,081 miles
    • 1 accident, 4 owners, corporate fleet vehicle
    • 8 Seats, 20 City / 25 Hwy MPG
    • Nalley Toyota of Roswell (139 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Third-row seating
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • USB Inputs
    Close

    Located in Roswell, GA / 139 miles away from Huntsville, AL

    RECALL NOTICE: Some vehicles offered for sale may be subject to unrepaired manufacturer safety recalls. To determine the recall status of a vehicle, v...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    22 Combined MPG (20 City/25 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 5TDZARFH9FS013650
    Stock: NTR254726A
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 04-16-2025

  • $17,000
    good price
    $1,280 below market
    • 120,099 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, corporate fleet vehicle
    • 8 Seats, 19 City / 25 Hwy MPG
    • Northgate Ford (330 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Cincinnati, OH / 330 miles away from Huntsville, AL

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    21 Combined MPG (19 City/25 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 5TDKKRFH7FS062215
    Stock: FS062215
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 04-28-2025

  • Price Drop
    $15,700
    good price
    $1,528 below market
    • 166,364 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use only
    • 7 Seats, 18 City / 24 Hwy MPG
    • Fritz in Fishers (362 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    Close

    Located in Fishers, IN / 362 miles away from Huntsville, AL

    This 2015 Toyota Highlander Limited, comes equipped with some nice features, these include bluetooth compatibility, touchscreen, GPS navigation, satel...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    20 Combined MPG (18 City/24 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 5TDDKRFH6FS186923
    Stock: 12939A
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 05-10-2025

  • $18,164
    good price
    $1,350 below market
    • 124,821 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 7 Seats, 18 City / 24 Hwy MPG
    • Germain Mazda of Columbus (421 mi away)
    • Five Star Dealer
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    Close

    Located in Columbus, OH / 421 miles away from Huntsville, AL

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    20 Combined MPG (18 City/24 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 5TDDKRFHXFS166321
    Stock: 22849A
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 05-19-2025

  • $16,521
    fair price
    $544 below market
    • 125,867 miles
    • 1 accident, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 8 Seats, 19 City / 25 Hwy MPG
    • Victory Toyota of St. Louis (333 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Third-row seating
    • Power Driver Seat
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    Close

    Located in Saint Louis, MO / 333 miles away from Huntsville, AL

    2015 Toyota Highlander CARFAX One-Owner.This beautiful (insert vehicle)was recently acquired by our store here at Victory Toyota St. Louis. We have ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    21 Combined MPG (19 City/25 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 5TDZKRFH0FS099251
    Stock: 86E04036
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 04-16-2025

  • $13,464
    good price
    $1,581 below market
    • 194,122 miles
    • 1 accident, 2 owners, personal use only
    • 7 Seats, 18 City / 24 Hwy MPG
    • Harper Volkswagen of Knoxville (163 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    Close

    Located in Knoxville, TN / 163 miles away from Huntsville, AL

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    20 Combined MPG (18 City/24 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 5TDDKRFH8FS104660
    Stock: 19795S
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 03-14-2025

  • $14,253
    fair price
    $115 below market
    • 159,826 miles
    • 1 accident, 2 owners, personal use
    • 8 Seats, 19 City / 25 Hwy MPG
    • Kings Kia (340 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Third-row seating
    • Power Driver Seat
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    Close

    Located in Cincinnati, OH / 340 miles away from Huntsville, AL

    Local Trade.At Kings Kia we pride ourselves on having High Quality Pre-Owned vehicles at Affordable Prices. Stop on down and test drive today to see...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    21 Combined MPG (19 City/25 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 5TDZKRFH3FS082301
    Stock: FS082301
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 04-22-2025

  • $20,950
    good price
    $1,493 below market
    • 80,473 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use
    • 8 Seats, 18 City / 24 Hwy MPG
    • Fritz in Fishers (362 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    Close

    Located in Fishers, IN / 362 miles away from Huntsville, AL

    This 2015 Toyota Highlander XLE, comes equipped with some nice features, these include bluetooth compatibility, satellite radio, AUX and USB ports, re...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    20 Combined MPG (18 City/24 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 5TDJKRFH2FS128410
    Stock: 12966
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 05-12-2025

  • $25,998
    fair price
    $167 below market
    • 47,030 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 8 Seats, 19 City / 25 Hwy MPG
    • CarMax Warner Robins (225 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Warner Robins, GA / 225 miles away from Huntsville, AL

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    21 Combined MPG (19 City/25 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 5TDKKRFH0FS096836
    Stock: 26916383
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • $19,681
    fair price
    $676 below market
    • 112,408 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 7 Seats, 18 City / 24 Hwy MPG
    • Germain Lexus of Easton (420 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    Close

    Located in Columbus, OH / 420 miles away from Huntsville, AL

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    20 Combined MPG (18 City/24 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 5TDDKRFH6FS110960
    Stock: 50998A
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 05-22-2025

  • $19,990
    fair price
    $199 above market
    • 108,416 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 8 Seats, 18 City / 24 Hwy MPG
    • Donohoo Auto (98 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    Close

    Located in Pelham, AL / 98 miles away from Huntsville, AL

    If you wish to have vehicle shipped to you, that is a separate charge determined by distance. Please use the listed price as the most up to date price...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    20 Combined MPG (18 City/24 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 5TDJKRFH1FS147806
    Stock: 48731
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 05-12-2025

  • $15,603
    fair price
    $295 above market
    • 160,211 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use only
    • 8 Seats, 18 City / 24 Hwy MPG
    • AutoNation USA Hilton Head (366 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Third-row seating
    • Power Driver Seat
    Close

    Located in Hardeeville, SC / 366 miles away from Huntsville, AL

    3rd Row SeatCarpet Floor Mats & Cargo LinerRear Spoiler50 State EmissionsAttitude Black MetallicBlack; Fabric Seat Material W/SoftexLe Plus Pack...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    20 Combined MPG (18 City/24 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 5TDBKRFH4FS177113
    Stock: FS177113
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 05-14-2025

  • Stock photo**
    $17,825
    fair price
    $703 below market
    • 113,815 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 8 Seats, 19 City / 25 Hwy MPG
    • Gary Yeomans Ford of Ocala (463 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Ocala, FL / 463 miles away from Huntsville, AL

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    21 Combined MPG (19 City/25 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 5TDKKRFH3FS067153
    Stock: EA04448A
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 05-23-2025

  • New Listing
    $14,995
    good price
    $1,245 below market
    • 129,648 miles
    • 1 accident, 3 owners, rental vehicle
    • 8 Seats, 20 City / 25 Hwy MPG
    • Toyota Direct (421 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Third-row seating
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • USB Inputs
    Close

    Located in Columbus, OH / 421 miles away from Huntsville, AL

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    22 Combined MPG (20 City/25 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 5TDZARFH2FS014736
    Stock: FS014736A
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 05-27-2025

Showing 1 - 21 out of 5,847 listings

Consumer Reviews for the Toyota Highlander

Read recent reviews for the Toyota Highlander
Overall Consumer Rating
4 out of 5 stars113 Reviews
Write a vehicle reviewSee all 113 reviews
  • 5 star
    (55%)
  • 4 star
    (17%)
  • 3 star
    (13%)
  • 2 star
    (9%)
  • 1 star
    (6%)
5 out of 5 stars

Very Impressed

J Davis, 07/18/2016
2015 Toyota Highlander LE 4dr SUV (3.5L 6cyl 6A)
We've had this car for two years. We have two kids under 5 years old. We have loved this car, its styling, its comfort, and its reliability. Pros: Very comfortable, great drive, good handling, first 20k maintenance included, reliable, very solid all the way around in every category, awesome tray under dashboard. Cons: Toyota still seems to be struggling a little with inside … aesthetics, mixing colors that don't match, etc. The third row seat is difficult to get to and very uncomfortable - Probably only viable for kids 7-13 age range, with even a small booster seat in the car it takes up more width than allotted for the seat so you can not take advantage of the 60/40 split with two in the car, you pay a premium price for features where you can get much more for the same money on a car like a Nissan Pathfinder (but this car handles better *Toyota that is*), small issue with blind spots as found in many cross overs in this category, gas millage much worse on highway and city than listed. Overall great vehicle and we would buy it again.
Report abuse

Used 2015 Toyota Highlander in Huntsville, AL Values

Estimated values
2015 Toyota Highlander XLE 4dr SUV (3.5L 6cyl 6A) with no options
ConditionTrade-InPrivate PartyDealer Retail
Outstanding$13,307$15,829$17,500
Clean$12,686$15,056$16,608
Average$11,650$13,767$15,121
Rough$10,304$12,092$13,188

The average list price of a used 2015 Toyota Highlander in Huntsville, Alabama is $17,050. The average mileage on a used Toyota Highlander 2015 for sale in Huntsville, Alabama is 131,436. Based on the average mileage of 131,436 for used 2015 Toyota Highlander for sale in Huntsville, AL and using an average vehicle condition rating, which means the vehicle may have a few mechanical and/or cosmetic problems and may require a considerable amount of reconditioning, we appraise the average trade-in value of a used Toyota Highlander 2015 in Huntsville, Alabama to be $11,650.

Filters
Skip to Results

Applied Filters4Active

Select Buying Experience

Location

Search radius500 miles
Search radius

Make & Model

Year

New / Used

Price & Payments

Price Rating

Body Type

Trim

Mileage

Accidents & History

Engine & Drivetrain

Exterior Color

Interior Color

Total Seating

Edmunds Review

Features

Options & Packages

MPG

Listing Details


* Delivery of any kind does not apply to Alaska and Hawaii. Contact the dealer for delivery details, restrictions and costs.