Skip to main content
Skip to Filters
1,972 listings
    • 48,373 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 4cyl automatic
    • Toyota of Cedar Park (23 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Third-row seating
    Close

    Located in Cedar Park, TX / 23 miles away from Austin, TX

    2023 Toyota Highlander XSE Blueprint Black Experience the perfect blend of style and versatility with this Dark Blue 2023 Toyota Highlander XSE. Pow...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    25 Combined MPG (22 City/29 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 5TDKDRAH1PS507552
    Stock: S507552A
    Certified Pre-Owned: Yes
    Listed since: 04-18-2025

    • 21,177 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 4cyl automatic
    • Toyota of North Austin (13 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Third-row seating
    • Upgraded Headlights
    Close

    Located in Austin, TX / 13 miles away from Austin, TX

    LOW MILES - 21,177! Celestial Silver Metallic exterior and GRAPHITE interior, LE trim. FUEL EFFICIENT 29 MPG Hwy/22 MPG City! Third Row Seat, Back-Up ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    25 Combined MPG (22 City/29 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 5TDKDRAH0PS040351
    Stock: PS040351
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 04-05-2025

    • 24,808 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 4cyl automatic
    • Family Toyota of Arlington (183 mi away)
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in Arlington, TX / 183 miles away from Austin, TX

    CARFAX One-Owner. Clean CARFAX. Certified. Ruby Flare Pearl 2023 Toyota Highlander Platinum FWD 8-Speed Automatic 2.4L I4 PDI Turbocharged DOHC 16V LE...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    25 Combined MPG (22 City/29 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 5TDKDRAH4PS003139
    Stock: BP7776
    Certified Pre-Owned: Yes
    Listed since: 04-09-2025

    • 36,703 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, rental vehicle
    • 4cyl automatic
    • Toyota of Cedar Park (23 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Third-row seating
    • Upgraded Headlights
    Close

    Located in Cedar Park, TX / 23 miles away from Austin, TX

    Recent Arrival! CARFAX One-Owner. Clean CARFAX. TWO SETS OF KEYS, ONE OWNER, CLEAN CARFAX, LOCAL TRADE, Toyota Gold Certified Certified, 18"" Painted ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    25 Combined MPG (22 City/29 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 5TDKDRAH6PS518367
    Stock: PS518367
    Certified Pre-Owned: Yes
    Listed since: 02-18-2025

    • 23,946 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use
    • 4cyl automatic
    • Fred Haas Toyota Country (129 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Third-row seating
    • Upgraded Headlights
    Close

    Located in Houston, TX / 129 miles away from Austin, TX

    Midnight Black Metallic 2023 Toyota Highlander LE FWD 8-Speed Automatic 2.4L I4 PDI Turbocharged DOHC 16V LEV3-SULEV30 265hp ***CLEAN CARFAX HISTORY**...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    25 Combined MPG (22 City/29 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 5TDKDRAHXPS515942
    Stock: S515942A
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 04-25-2025

    • 49,447 miles
    • 1 accident, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 4cyl automatic
    • Steele GMC Round Rock (25 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Third-row seating
    • Upgraded Headlights
    Close

    Located in Round Rock, TX / 25 miles away from Austin, TX

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    25 Combined MPG (22 City/29 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 5TDKDRAH4PS017090
    Stock: PS017090
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 04-25-2025

    • 48,812 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, rental vehicle
    • 4cyl automatic
    • EchoPark Automotive Houston (North Freeway) (140 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Third-row seating
    • Upgraded Headlights
    Close

    Located in Houston, TX / 140 miles away from Austin, TX

    At EchoPark, it’s all about offering you options for a happy experience. We have thousands of new-to-you makes and models that range from sedans to tr...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    25 Combined MPG (22 City/29 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 5TDKDRAH4PS502510
    Stock: RPS502510
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 04-09-2025

    • 47,620 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, rental vehicle
    • 4cyl automatic
    • EchoPark Automotive Houston (Southwest Freeway) (134 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Third-row seating
    • Upgraded Headlights
    Close

    Located in Stafford, TX / 134 miles away from Austin, TX

    At EchoPark, it’s all about offering you options for a happy experience. We have thousands of new-to-you makes and models that range from sedans to tr...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    25 Combined MPG (22 City/29 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 5TDKDRAH6PS007659
    Stock: RPS007659
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 04-11-2025

    • 55,314 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, rental vehicle
    • 4cyl automatic
    • EchoPark Automotive Dallas (Grand Prairie) (177 mi away)
    • Five Star Dealer
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Third-row seating
    • Upgraded Headlights
    Close

    Located in Grand Prairie, TX / 177 miles away from Austin, TX

    At EchoPark, it’s all about offering you options for a happy experience. We have thousands of new-to-you makes and models that range from sedans to tr...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    25 Combined MPG (22 City/29 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 5TDKDRAH4PS007000
    Stock: YPS007000
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 04-10-2025

  • New Listing
    • 13,854 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 4cyl automatic
    • Carvana - San Antonio (69 mi away)
    • Home delivery*
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Third-row seating
    Close

    Located in San Antonio, TX / 69 miles away from Austin, TX

    At Carvana, we go miles beyond the extra mile. That's why we provide you with a convenient, fast, and hassle-free car buying experience that puts you ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    25 Combined MPG (22 City/29 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 5TDKDRAH9PS024889
    Stock: 2003671060
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 04-27-2025

  • New Listing
    • 15,165 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use
    • 4cyl automatic
    • Carvana - San Antonio (69 mi away)
    • Home delivery*
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Third-row seating
    • Upgraded Headlights
    Close

    Located in San Antonio, TX / 69 miles away from Austin, TX

    At Carvana, we go miles beyond the extra mile. That's why we provide you with a convenient, fast, and hassle-free car buying experience that puts you ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    25 Combined MPG (22 City/29 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 5TDKDRAH0PS025333
    Stock: 2003640091
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 04-25-2025

    • 40,453 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, rental vehicle
    • 4cyl automatic
    • Big Star Ford (147 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Third-row seating
    • Upgraded Headlights
    Close

    Located in Manvel, TX / 147 miles away from Austin, TX

    CARFAX One-Owner. ABS brakes, Active Cruise Control, Alloy wheels, Electronic Stability Control, Front dual zone A/C, Heated door mirrors, Heated Fron...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    25 Combined MPG (22 City/29 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 5TDKDRAHXPS047744
    Stock: PS047744
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 02-24-2025

    • 31,216 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 4cyl automatic
    • Toyota of Dallas (195 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Third-row seating
    Close

    Located in Dallas, TX / 195 miles away from Austin, TX

    Discover the 2023 Toyota Highlander L: Where Sophisticated Design Meets Unmatched Performance in a Family-Friendly SUV Step into the world of the 2023...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    25 Combined MPG (22 City/29 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 5TDKDRAH5PS020953
    Stock: PS020953
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 04-22-2025

    • 10,039 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 4cyl automatic
    • Family Toyota of Arlington (183 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Third-row seating
    • Upgraded Headlights
    Close

    Located in Arlington, TX / 183 miles away from Austin, TX

    CARFAX One-Owner. Clean CARFAX. Certified. Midnight Black Metallic 2023 Toyota Highlander L FWD 8-Speed Automatic 2.4L I4 PDI Turbocharged DOHC 16V LE...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    25 Combined MPG (22 City/29 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 5TDKDRAH7PS521004
    Stock: BP7824
    Certified Pre-Owned: Yes
    Listed since: 04-24-2025

    • 22,833 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, rental vehicle
    • 4cyl automatic
    • CarMax San Antonio (67 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Third-row seating
    Close

    Located in San Antonio, TX / 67 miles away from Austin, TX

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    25 Combined MPG (22 City/29 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 5TDKDRAH4PS037419
    Stock: 27057181
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

    • 18,419 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, corporate fleet vehicle
    • 4cyl automatic
    • Toyota of Dallas (195 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Third-row seating
    Close

    Located in Dallas, TX / 195 miles away from Austin, TX

    Experience the Thrill of Adventure with the 2023 Toyota Highlander XSE in Midnight Black Metallic, Where Style Meets Performance and Comfort in Every ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    25 Combined MPG (22 City/29 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 5TDKDRAH7PS526624
    Stock: PS526624
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 04-23-2025

  • New Listing
    • 32,899 miles
    • 4cyl automatic
    • CarMax Live Oak (58 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Third-row seating
    • Upgraded Headlights
    Close

    Located in San Antonio, TX / 58 miles away from Austin, TX

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary Unavailable.

    Features and Specs:

    25 Combined MPG (22 City/29 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 5TDKDRAH5PS516089
    Stock: 27424526
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • Stock photo**
    • 49,605 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 4cyl automatic
    • North Park Lexus At Dominion (65 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in San Antonio, TX / 65 miles away from Austin, TX

    Recent Arrival!Android Auto, Apple CarPlay. CARFAX One-Owner. Clean CARFAX.Posted Pricing on all vehicles.North Park Lexus at Dominion is proud to off...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    24 Combined MPG (21 City/28 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 5TDKDRBH6PS504466
    Stock: UDS504466
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 04-30-2025

    • 46,133 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 4cyl automatic
    • Vandergriff Chevrolet (176 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Third-row seating
    Close

    Located in Arlington, TX / 176 miles away from Austin, TX

    VEHICLE DETAILED, RECENT OIL CHANGE, PASSED DEALER INSPECTION.CARFAX One-Owner. Clean CARFAX.4D Sport Utility 2023 Toyota Highlander XLE 22/29 City/Hi...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    25 Combined MPG (22 City/29 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 5TDKDRAH8PS035527
    Stock: PS035527
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 04-29-2025

    • 47,244 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, rental vehicle
    • 4cyl automatic
    • Roger Beasley Mazda South (3 mi away)
    • Home delivery*
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Third-row seating
    • Upgraded Headlights
    Close

    Located in Austin, TX / 3 miles away from Austin, TX

    CARFAX One-Owner. Clean CARFAX. White 2023 Toyota Highlander L FWD 8-Speed Automatic 2.4L I4 PDI Turbocharged DOHC 16V LEV3-SULEV30 265hpNeed Finan...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    25 Combined MPG (22 City/29 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 5TDKDRAH0PS503332
    Stock: 30871
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 03-31-2025

  • New Listing
    • 38,108 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, rental vehicle
    • 4cyl automatic
    • Fred Haas Toyota Country (129 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Third-row seating
    • Upgraded Headlights
    Close

    Located in Houston, TX / 129 miles away from Austin, TX

    Midnight Black Metallic 2023 Toyota Highlander LE FWD 8-Speed Automatic 2.4L I4 PDI Turbocharged DOHC 16V LEV3-SULEV30 265hp ***CLEAN CARFAX HISTORY**...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    25 Combined MPG (22 City/29 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 5TDKDRAH1PS026362
    Stock: S026362A
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 05-03-2025

;
Showing 22 - 42 out of 1,972 listings

Consumer Reviews for the Toyota Highlander

Read recent reviews for the Toyota Highlander
Overall Consumer Rating
3.4 out of 5 stars45 Reviews
Write a vehicle reviewSee all 45 reviews
  • 5 star
    (38%)
  • 4 star
    (13%)
  • 3 star
    (13%)
  • 2 star
    (24%)
  • 1 star
    (11%)
2 out of 5 stars

Love the vehicle, Infotainment is unusable

bbells, 04/16/2023
2023 Toyota Highlander LE 4dr SUV (2.4L 4cyl Turbo 8A)
Love the gas mileage, 30+mpg in eco mode. Towing capacity. Comfort. Nice vehicle except the "drive connect" app advertisement makes the entertainment system unusable. It will lock up the system for 1 to 10 minutes so no music, no google maps, no phone, nothing, until it decides to clear itself. Toyota says you can pay $200 a year to remove the advertisement by subscribing to drive … connect. This makes it the definition of ransomware. But there is nothing in the app I need or want. Neither ToyotaUSA, their tech department, or the dealer can fix it. I will either be selling the vehicle or replacing the entertainment system when the free trial of drive connect ends in a couple months. For those of us who use their phone for maps, texts or communication the system makes the vehicle unusable. Update: Can't put in different infotainment system, it is integrated into the vehicle. Toyota gave me a free trial of drive connect. Unfortunately anytime i am in an area without internet the display is locked up asking for a password. Can't enter a password until i get into an internet area, then go s back to asking for a password when i leave it. Worthless and unusable. Toyota wouldn't fix it. After 7 months they bought it back from me. Last Toyota.
Report abuse

Used 2023 Toyota Highlander in Austin, TX Values

Estimated values
2023 Toyota Highlander XSE 4dr SUV (2.4L 4cyl Turbo 8A) with no options
ConditionTrade-InPrivate PartyDealer Retail
Outstanding$33,755$35,212$36,852
Clean$33,332$34,734$36,313
Average$32,627$33,937$35,414
Rough$31,711$32,901$34,246

The average list price of a used 2023 Toyota Highlander in Austin, Texas is $36,741. The average mileage on a used Toyota Highlander 2023 for sale in Austin, Texas is 34,389. Based on the average mileage of 34,389 for used 2023 Toyota Highlander for sale in Austin, TX and using an average vehicle condition rating, which means the vehicle may have a few mechanical and/or cosmetic problems and may require a considerable amount of reconditioning, we appraise the average trade-in value of a used Toyota Highlander 2023 in Austin, Texas to be $32,627.

Filters
Skip to Results

Applied Filters4Active

Select Buying Experience

Location

Search radius200 miles
Search radius

Make & Model

Year

New / Used

Price & Payments

Price Rating

Body Type

Trim

Mileage

Accidents & History

Engine & Drivetrain

Exterior Color

Interior Color

Total Seating

Edmunds Review

Features

Options & Packages

MPG

Listing Details


* Delivery of any kind does not apply to Alaska and Hawaii. Contact the dealer for delivery details, restrictions and costs.