Skip to main content
Skip to Filters
3,763 listings
  • New Listing
    $17,998
    fair price
    $370 above market
    • 54,042 miles
    • 1 accident, 2 owners, personal use
    • 5 Seats, 26 City / 33 Hwy MPG
    • CarMax (In-stock online)
    • Transfer available from CA to AZ*
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Blind Spot Monitorin...
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • USB Inputs
    Close

    Located in Palm Desert, CA / 258 miles away from Tempe, AZ

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    29 Combined MPG (26 City/33 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JN8AT2MT4LW002562
    Stock: 27428008
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • Stock photo**
    $21,999
    great price
    $2,987 below market
    • 45,845 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 5 Seats, 30 City / 37 Hwy MPG
    • Enterprise Car Sales (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Upgraded Headlights
    • Blind Spot Monitorin...
    Close

    Located in Independence, MO / 1,049 miles away from Tempe, AZ

    Transfer of vehicle from another location to your neighborhood Enterprise Car Sales may require payment of a non-refundable transfer fee to begin the ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    33 Combined MPG (30 City/37 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JN8BT3BA9PW408158
    Stock: 7W70CP
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 04-14-2025

    • 73,065 miles
    • 1 accident, 2 owners, corporate fleet vehicle
    • 5 Seats, 26 City / 33 Hwy MPG
    • GC4U Great Cars 4 You (12 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Blind Spot Monitorin...
    • Power Driver Seat
    Close

    Located in Phoenix, AZ / 12 miles away from Tempe, AZ

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    29 Combined MPG (26 City/33 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: KNMAT2MT7LP520283
    Stock: 10562
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 11-03-2024

    • 29,830 miles
    • 2 accidents, 1 owner, corporate fleet vehicle
    • 5 Seats, 28 City / 35 Hwy MPG
    • CarMax (In-stock online)
    • Transfer available from KS to AZ*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Upgraded Headlights
    Close

    Located in Wichita, KS / 876 miles away from Tempe, AZ

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    31 Combined MPG (28 City/35 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 5N1BT3BB9NC688890
    Stock: 27246757
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • New Listing
    • 28,888 miles
    • 1 accident, 1 owner, corporate fleet vehicle
    • 5 Seats, 28 City / 35 Hwy MPG
    • CarMax (In-stock online)
    • Transfer available from CT to AZ*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Upgraded Headlights
    Close

    Located in Waterbury, CT / 2,188 miles away from Tempe, AZ

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    31 Combined MPG (28 City/35 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 5N1BT3BBXNC726501
    Stock: 27320903
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • Price Drop
    • 80,729 miles
    • 1 accident, 2 owners, personal use
    • 5 Seats, 25 City / 32 Hwy MPG
    • Carvana (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Blind Spot Monitorin...
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    Close

    Located in New York City, NY / 2,136 miles away from Tempe, AZ

    At Carvana, we go miles beyond the extra mile. That's why we provide you with a convenient, fast, and hassle-free car buying experience that puts you ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    27 Combined MPG (25 City/32 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 5N1AT2MV1LC717339
    Stock: 2003726191
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 05-07-2025

  • New Listing
    Stock photo**
    • 47,957 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 5 Seats, 30 City / 37 Hwy MPG
    • Chapman Chevrolet Buick GMC (164 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Upgraded Headlights
    • Blind Spot Monitorin...
    Close

    Located in Yuma, AZ / 164 miles away from Tempe, AZ

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    33 Combined MPG (30 City/37 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 5N1BT3BAXNC671412
    Stock: C168476A
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 05-07-2025

  • New Listing
    • 64,539 miles
    • Issue reported, 3 owners, personal use
    • 5 Seats, 26 City / 33 Hwy MPG
    • Driveway (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Blind Spot Monitorin...
    Close

    Located in Troy, MI / 1,678 miles away from Tempe, AZ

    Rare Find,Apple CarPlay,Back-Up Camera,Blind Spot Monitor,Bluetooth,Brake Assist,Hands-Free Liftgate,Heated Seats,Heated Steering Wheel,Keyless Start,...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Issue reported

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    29 Combined MPG (26 City/33 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 5N1AT2MT3LC768632
    Stock: LC768632TA
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • New Listing
    • 93,549 miles
    • 3 accidents, 2 owners, personal use
    • 5 Seats, 25 City / 32 Hwy MPG
    • CarMax (In-stock online)
    • Transfer available from TX to AZ*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Blind Spot Monitorin...
    Close

    Located in Denton, TX / 856 miles away from Tempe, AZ

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    27 Combined MPG (25 City/32 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 5N1AT2MV3LC767689
    Stock: 27172198
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • Price Drop
    $22,998
    fair price
    $218 above market
    • 33,224 miles
    • 1 accident, 1 owner, personal use
    • 5 Seats, 30 City / 37 Hwy MPG
    • CarMax (In-stock online)
    • Transfer available from FL to AZ*
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Upgraded Headlights
    • Blind Spot Monitorin...
    Close

    Located in Davie, FL / 1,959 miles away from Tempe, AZ

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    33 Combined MPG (30 City/37 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 5N1BT3BAXNC694186
    Stock: 27324167
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • $19,998
    fair price
    $596 above market
    • 43,493 miles
    • 1 accident, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 5 Seats, 26 City / 33 Hwy MPG
    • CarMax (In-stock online)
    • Transfer available from FL to AZ*
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Blind Spot Monitorin...
    • Power Driver Seat
    Close

    Located in Brandenton, FL / 1,791 miles away from Tempe, AZ

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    29 Combined MPG (26 City/33 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: KNMAT2MT8LP542762
    Stock: 27127173
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

    • 42,686 miles
    • 1 accident, 2 owners, corporate fleet vehicle
    • 5 Seats, 26 City / 33 Hwy MPG
    • CarMax (In-stock online)
    • Transfer available from TX to AZ*
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Blind Spot Monitorin...
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • USB Inputs
    Close

    Located in Katy, TX / 984 miles away from Tempe, AZ

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    29 Combined MPG (26 City/33 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 5N1AT2MT2LC807663
    Stock: 26782851
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • New Listing
    • 81,448 miles
    • 5 Seats, 25 City / 32 Hwy MPG
    • CarMax (In-stock online)
    • Transfer available from TN to AZ*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Blind Spot Monitorin...
    Close

    Located in Memphis, TN / 1,266 miles away from Tempe, AZ

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary Unavailable.

    Features and Specs:

    27 Combined MPG (25 City/32 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: KNMAT2MV1LP532589
    Stock: 27067008
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • Price Drop
    • 34,321 miles
    • 1 accident, 1 owner, personal use
    • 5 Seats, 25 City / 32 Hwy MPG
    • CarMax (In-stock online)
    • Transfer available from MD to AZ*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in Gaithersburg, MD / 1,963 miles away from Tempe, AZ

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    27 Combined MPG (25 City/32 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 5N1AT2MV3LC706052
    Stock: 26866839
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

    • 50,055 miles
    • 1 accident, 2 owners, personal use
    • 5 Seats, 26 City / 33 Hwy MPG
    • CarMax (In-stock online)
    • Transfer available from SC to AZ*
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Blind Spot Monitorin...
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • USB Inputs
    Close

    Located in Columbia, SC / 1,763 miles away from Tempe, AZ

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    29 Combined MPG (26 City/33 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 5N1AT2MT6LC815491
    Stock: 27038083
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

    • 58,589 miles
    • 2 accidents, 1 owner, personal use
    • 5 Seats, 26 City / 33 Hwy MPG
    • CarMax (In-stock online)
    • Transfer available from NV to AZ*
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Blind Spot Monitorin...
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • USB Inputs
    Close

    Located in Henderson, NV / 253 miles away from Tempe, AZ

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: Yes

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    29 Combined MPG (26 City/33 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 5N1AT2MT4LC718922
    Stock: 27063264
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • Price Drop
    • 46,132 miles
    • 1 accident, 2 owners, corporate fleet vehicle
    • 5 Seats, 26 City / 33 Hwy MPG
    • CarMax (In-stock online)
    • Transfer available from TN to AZ*
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Blind Spot Monitorin...
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • USB Inputs
    Close

    Located in Chattanooga, TN / 1,529 miles away from Tempe, AZ

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    29 Combined MPG (26 City/33 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 5N1AT2MT9LC734193
    Stock: 26934640
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • New Listing
    • 23,721 miles
    • 5 Seats, 29 City / 36 Hwy MPG
    • CarMax (In-stock online)
    • Transfer available from TN to AZ*
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in Nashville, TN / 1,436 miles away from Tempe, AZ

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary Unavailable.

    Features and Specs:

    32 Combined MPG (29 City/36 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JN8BT3DC3NW119921
    Stock: 27394307
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • New Listing
    • 78,365 miles
    • 1 accident, 2 owners, personal use only
    • 5 Seats, 26 City / 33 Hwy MPG
    • CarMax (In-stock online)
    • Transfer available from NC to AZ*
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Blind Spot Monitorin...
    • Power Driver Seat
    Close

    Located in Jacksonville, NC / 1,969 miles away from Tempe, AZ

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    29 Combined MPG (26 City/33 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JN8AT2MT2LW016136
    Stock: 26982693
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • New Listing
    • 74,058 miles
    • 4 accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 5 Seats, 25 City / 32 Hwy MPG
    • CarMax (In-stock online)
    • Transfer available from VA to AZ*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Blind Spot Monitorin...
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    Close

    Located in Virginia Beach, VA / 2,026 miles away from Tempe, AZ

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    27 Combined MPG (25 City/32 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JN8AT2MV8LW136668
    Stock: 27366467
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • New Listing
    • 54,252 miles
    • 1 accident, 2 owners, corporate fleet vehicle
    • 5 Seats, 25 City / 32 Hwy MPG
    • Carvana (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Blind Spot Monitorin...
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    Close

    Located in Oklahoma City, OK / 833 miles away from Tempe, AZ

    At Carvana, we go miles beyond the extra mile. That's why we provide you with a convenient, fast, and hassle-free car buying experience that puts you ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    27 Combined MPG (25 City/32 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 5N1AT2MV2LC736501
    Stock: 2003697442
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 05-09-2025

Showing 841 - 861 out of 3,763 listings

Consumer Reviews for the Nissan Rogue

Read recent reviews for the Nissan Rogue
Overall Consumer Rating
3.3 out of 5 stars132 Reviews
Write a vehicle reviewSee all 132 reviews
  • 5 star
    (41%)
  • 4 star
    (14%)
  • 3 star
    (6%)
  • 2 star
    (9%)
  • 1 star
    (30%)
1 out of 5 stars

Great SUV.....WHEN NOT IN SHOP EVERY OTHER DAY!

Nick McDonough , 07/10/2021
2021 Nissan Rogue SV 4dr SUV AWD (2.5L 4cyl CVT)
(1/27/22 UPDATE: Living in the Northeast, we get all the wonderful elements. Safety features decided to disable themselves. Took it down to Nissan, and the tech guy said that there is nothing they can do because Nissan developers are (his words) fucking morons for putting the sensors directly underneath the bumper. So when water, mud, snow hit it, it disables. So I said your telling me … that I have safety features that are supposed to protect me and my family in the elements, but the elements prevent the safety features from working! And he said "that is exactly what I am telling you".) ORIGINAL POST: I have had my 2021 Nissan Rogue SV Premium Edition for 2 months now. More than half the time it has been in the shop. CVT issues strike again! 2300 miles and the SUV buckles when merging onto the highway, RPMs shoot up to 5-7 when the vehicle is at 15 mph preventing it to accelerate. If it wasn't for the quick instincts of the driver coming at me, I would have been in a horrific accident due to no acceleration coming out of a side street. This vehicle has been nothing but problematic since purchasing, which is really too bad.
Report abuse

Used 2020 Nissan Rogue in Tempe, AZ Values

Estimated values
2020 Nissan Rogue S 4dr SUV (2.5L 4cyl CVT) with no options
ConditionTrade-InPrivate PartyDealer Retail
Outstanding$13,862$16,563$19,178
Clean$13,455$16,059$18,573
Average$12,777$15,219$17,566
Rough$11,896$14,127$16,256

The average list price of a used 2020 Nissan Rogue in Tempe, Arizona is $20,636. The average mileage on a used Nissan Rogue 2020 for sale in Tempe, Arizona is 54,228. Based on the average mileage of 54,228 for used 2020 Nissan Rogue for sale in Tempe, AZ and using an average vehicle condition rating, which means the vehicle may have a few mechanical and/or cosmetic problems and may require a considerable amount of reconditioning, we appraise the average trade-in value of a used Nissan Rogue 2020 in Tempe, Arizona to be $12,777.

Filters
Skip to Results

Applied Filters4Active

Select Buying Experience

Location

Search radius200 miles
Search radius

Make & Model

Year

New / Used

Price & Payments

Price Rating

Body Type

Trim

Mileage

Accidents & History

Engine & Drivetrain

Exterior Color

Interior Color

Total Seating

Edmunds Review

Features

Options & Packages

MPG

Listing Details


* Delivery of any kind does not apply to Alaska and Hawaii. Contact the dealer for delivery details, restrictions and costs.