Skip to main content
Skip to Filters
2,620 listings
  • $9,950
    great price
    $5,550 below market
    • 58,799 miles
    • 1 accident, 2 owners, personal use only
    • 5 Seats, 25 City / 32 Hwy MPG
    • Car Castle (65 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Blind Spot Monitorin...
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    Close

    Located in Colorado Springs, CO / 65 miles away from Aurora, CO

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    27 Combined MPG (25 City/32 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 5N1AT2MV6JC716829
    Stock: 71115
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • Price Drop
    $13,377
    fair price
    $183 below market
    • 100,219 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, corporate fleet vehicle
    • 5 Seats, 25 City / 32 Hwy MPG
    • EchoPark Automotive Denver (Centennial) (10 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Blind Spot Monitorin...
    Close

    Located in Centennial, CO / 10 miles away from Aurora, CO

    At EchoPark, it’s all about offering you options for a happy experience. We have thousands of new-to-you makes and models that range from sedans to tr...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    27 Combined MPG (25 City/32 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 5N1AT2MV7JC700042
    Stock: YJC700042
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 07-14-2025

  • New Listing
    $15,747
    fair price
    $7 above market
    • 60,264 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, corporate fleet vehicle
    • 5 Seats, 25 City / 32 Hwy MPG
    • EchoPark Automotive Denver (Centennial) (10 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Blind Spot Monitorin...
    Close

    Located in Centennial, CO / 10 miles away from Aurora, CO

    At EchoPark, it’s all about offering you options for a happy experience. We have thousands of new-to-you makes and models that range from sedans to tr...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    27 Combined MPG (25 City/32 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: KNMAT2MV5JP606206
    Stock: YJP606206
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 07-19-2025

  • New Listing
    $12,200
    fair price
    $488 below market
    • 101,264 miles
    • 5 Seats, 25 City / 32 Hwy MPG
    • AutoNation Ford Arapahoe (10 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Blind Spot Monitorin...
    Close

    Located in Centennial, CO / 10 miles away from Aurora, CO

    [L92] Floor Mats & 2-Pc Cargo Area ProtectorKeyless StartRear Spoiler[C03] 50 State EmissionsAlmond; Cloth Seat TrimCaspian BlueContact AutoNa...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary Unavailable.

    Features and Specs:

    27 Combined MPG (25 City/32 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 5N1AT2MV1JC711067
    Stock: JC711067
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 07-16-2025

    • 53,473 miles
    • No accidents, 3 owners, personal use only
    • 5 Seats, 31 City / 34 Hwy MPG
    • Carvana - Colorado Springs (67 mi away)
    • Home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Blind Spot Monitorin...
    Close

    Located in Colorado Springs, CO / 67 miles away from Aurora, CO

    At Carvana, we go miles beyond the extra mile. That's why we provide you with a convenient, fast, and hassle-free car buying experience that puts you ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    33 Combined MPG (31 City/34 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 5N1ET2MV5JC845128
    Stock: 2003834679
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 06-19-2025

  • Price Drop
    $15,196
    fair price
    $275 above market
    • 85,392 miles
    • 2 accidents, 3 owners, rental vehicle
    • 5 Seats, 25 City / 32 Hwy MPG
    • AutoNation Dodge Ram Broadway (13 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in Littleton, CO / 13 miles away from Aurora, CO

    The following items have been reconditioned on this vehicle: new suspension parts! Leather SeatsNavigation System[L92] Floor Mats & 2-Pc Cargo Ar...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    27 Combined MPG (25 City/32 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JN8AT2MV5JW309754
    Stock: JW309754
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 06-26-2025

  • Price Drop
    $9,999
    good price
    $1,711 below market
    • 126,450 miles
    • No accidents, 3 owners, corporate fleet vehicle
    • 5 Seats, 25 City / 32 Hwy MPG
    • Prime Motors (5 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Blind Spot Monitorin...
    Close

    Located in Denver, CO / 5 miles away from Aurora, CO

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    27 Combined MPG (25 City/32 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JN8AT2MV7JW307973
    Stock: 3678
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • Price Drop
    • 143,974 miles
    • No accidents, 4 owners, rental vehicle
    • 5 Seats, 25 City / 32 Hwy MPG
    • AutoNation Subaru Arapahoe (10 mi away)
    • Home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Blind Spot Monitorin...
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    Close

    Located in Centennial, CO / 10 miles away from Aurora, CO

    [L92] Floor Mats & 2-Pc Cargo Area ProtectorRear Spoiler[C03] 50 State EmissionsCaspian BlueCharcoal; Cloth Seat TrimThis vehicle includes a Mo...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    27 Combined MPG (25 City/32 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: KNMAT2MV7JP502316
    Stock: JP502316
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 07-05-2025

  • Price Drop
    • 43,700 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 5 Seats, 25 City / 32 Hwy MPG
    • AutoNation Honda 104 (15 mi away)
    • Home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in Westminster, CO / 15 miles away from Aurora, CO

    [U01] Premium Package[L92] Floor Mats & 2-Pc Cargo Area Protector[M92] Retractable Cargo Cover[B92] Black Splash Guards (Set Of 4)[B93] Chrome Rea...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    27 Combined MPG (25 City/32 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 5N1AT2MV1JC834514
    Stock: JC834514
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 07-22-2025

    • 123,552 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, corporate fleet vehicle
    • 5 Seats, 25 City / 32 Hwy MPG
    • CarMax Golden (20 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in Golden, CO / 20 miles away from Aurora, CO

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: Yes

    Features and Specs:

    27 Combined MPG (25 City/32 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 5N1AT2MV2JC784822
    Stock: 27085240
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • New Listing
    • 97,595 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, corporate fleet vehicle
    • 5 Seats, 25 City / 32 Hwy MPG
    • Carvana - Colorado Springs (67 mi away)
    • Home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Blind Spot Monitorin...
    Close

    Located in Colorado Springs, CO / 67 miles away from Aurora, CO

    At Carvana, we go miles beyond the extra mile. That's why we provide you with a convenient, fast, and hassle-free car buying experience that puts you ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    27 Combined MPG (25 City/32 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 5N1AT2MV7JC771533
    Stock: 2003888303
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 07-17-2025

    • 65,421 miles
    • No accidents, 3 owners, corporate fleet vehicle
    • 5 Seats, 25 City / 32 Hwy MPG
    • Drivetime of Colorado Springs (63 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Blind Spot Monitorin...
    Close

    Located in Colorado Springs, CO / 63 miles away from Aurora, CO

    Shop at DriveTime: Get started on your personalized car-buying journey today. With no credit impact, you can get approved for your real, personalized ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    27 Combined MPG (25 City/32 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 5N1AT2MV6JC700372
    Stock: 1230054415
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 07-16-2025

  • New Listing
    • 108,837 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, corporate fleet vehicle
    • 5 Seats, 25 City / 32 Hwy MPG
    • South Colorado Motors (63 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in Colorado Springs, CO / 63 miles away from Aurora, CO

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    27 Combined MPG (25 City/32 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: KNMAT2MVXJP578760
    Stock: P2677A
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 07-30-2025

  • $11,798
    great price
    $2,499 below market
    • 95,968 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, rental vehicle
    • 5 Seats, 25 City / 32 Hwy MPG
    • Hooshie Auto (12 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Blind Spot Monitorin...
    Close

    Located in Denver, CO / 12 miles away from Aurora, CO

    ONLINE FINANCING AVAILABLE HOOSHIEAUTO.COM! CREDIT UNION FINANCING ALSO AVAILABLE! SOME OF THE BEST DEALS IN THE STATE!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! #1 goal is to...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    27 Combined MPG (25 City/32 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: KNMAT2MV9KP501766
    Stock: 14702
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 05-09-2025

  • $16,790
    great price
    $2,242 below market
    • 68,737 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use
    • 5 Seats, 25 City / 32 Hwy MPG
    • AutoNation Chrysler Jeep West (20 mi away)
    • Home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Golden, CO / 20 miles away from Aurora, CO

    [P01] Premium PackagePanoramic RoofLeather SeatsNavigation System[B94] Roof Rail Cross Bars[L92] Floor Mats & 2-Pc Cargo Area Protector[B92] Bla...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    27 Combined MPG (25 City/32 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 5N1AT2MV7KC737383
    Stock: KC737383
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 05-22-2025

  • Price Drop
    Stock photo**
    $9,986
    great price
    $2,330 below market
    • 111,759 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use
    • 5 Seats, 25 City / 32 Hwy MPG
    • Phil Long Hyundai Motor City (64 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Colorado Springs, CO / 64 miles away from Aurora, CO

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    27 Combined MPG (25 City/32 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 5N1AT2MV4HC749080
    Stock: SIG2261A
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 05-28-2025

  • New Listing
    Stock photo**
    • 88,498 miles
    • Odometer issue reported, 2 owners, corporate fleet vehicle
    • 5 Seats, 25 City / 32 Hwy MPG
    • Phil Long Hyundai Motor City (64 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in Colorado Springs, CO / 64 miles away from Aurora, CO

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Issue reported

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    27 Combined MPG (25 City/32 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JN8AT2MV9JW321759
    Stock: C785143A
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 07-30-2025

    • 82,564 miles
    • Hail damage reported, 2 owners, corporate fleet vehicle
    • 5 Seats, 25 City / 32 Hwy MPG
    • Zara Auto (6 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Blind Spot Monitorin...
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    Close

    Located in Denver, CO / 6 miles away from Aurora, CO

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Issue reported

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    27 Combined MPG (25 City/32 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JN8AT2MV4JW315030
    Stock: 18059
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • New Listing
    $8,500
    good price
    $1,743 below market
    • 120,811 miles
    • No accidents, 3 owners, corporate fleet vehicle
    • 5 Seats, 25 City / 32 Hwy MPG
    • Universal Auto Sales (11 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • USB Inputs
    Close

    Located in Englewood, CO / 11 miles away from Aurora, CO

    Universal Auto Sales offers a wide selection of quality pre-owned vehicles, including cars, trucks, SUVs, and more. Each vehicle undergoes a detailed ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    27 Combined MPG (25 City/32 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: KNMAT2MV2HP509572
    Stock: 09572
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

    • 24,714 miles
    • 1 accident, 2 owners, personal use only
    • 5 Seats, 26 City / 33 Hwy MPG
    • New Wave Auto Brokers (10 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Blind Spot Monitorin...
    • Power Driver Seat
    Close

    Located in Denver, CO / 10 miles away from Aurora, CO

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    29 Combined MPG (26 City/33 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JN8AT2MT5JW459152
    Stock: 459152
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • New Listing
    $11,058
    good price
    $1,166 below market
    • 99,450 miles
    • 5 Seats, 25 City / 32 Hwy MPG
    • AutoNation Mazda Arapahoe (10 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Blind Spot Monitorin...
    Close

    Located in Centennial, CO / 10 miles away from Aurora, CO

    Keyless StartRear Spoiler[C03] 50 State EmissionsCharcoal; Cloth Seat TrimGlacier WhiteAutoNation Mazda Arapahoe is excited to offer this 2017 ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary Unavailable.

    Features and Specs:

    27 Combined MPG (25 City/32 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JN8AT2MV9HW020354
    Stock: HW020354
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 06-19-2025

Showing 1 - 21 out of 2,620 listings

Consumer Reviews for the Nissan Rogue

Read recent reviews for the Nissan Rogue
Overall Consumer Rating
3.7 out of 5 stars95 Reviews
Write a vehicle reviewSee all 95 reviews
  • 5 star
    (42%)
  • 4 star
    (23%)
  • 3 star
    (11%)
  • 2 star
    (12%)
  • 1 star
    (13%)
4 out of 5 stars

Maybe the best all around new car I've purchased

Eileen A, 11/08/2018
2018 Nissan Rogue SL 4dr SUV AWD (2.5L 4cyl CVT)
I rented the Rogue and drove it for a week while vacationing. Great handling and gas economy. Plenty of pep in the 4 cylinder model. This prompted us to add it to our list of smaller SUV's to check out. We looked at the Ford Escape but smaller overall, poor head room height and tiny GPS screen. We considered the Edge but considerably more expensive. This is our first Nissan (first top … of the line model purchase) and it's only been 9 months but so far all good. I've always been a Honda and Ford fan but couldn't get excited over the CRV exterior design. Anyway still look forward to getting in my Rogue everyday and enjoying a great ride. UPDATE:My Rogue just turned 3 yrs old. Not that its given me any trouble but I' d now give it a 4 score. The reasons are: 1) I've found it isn't very comfortable to drive longer distances or as a passenger. The leather is pretty but it's too hard and unmoving. The seats in back are narrow for an adult. 2) it has every bell and whistle which are just unused electronics waiting to go bad. I don't like the idea of a car trying to drive itself. 3) oddly it doesn't have simple electronics like an audible reminder when you or the passenger forgets to fasten their seat belt. We may not be buying another Nissan in the future.
Report abuse

Used 2018 Nissan Rogue in Aurora, CO Values

Estimated values
2018 Nissan Rogue S 4dr SUV AWD (2.5L 4cyl CVT) with no options
ConditionTrade-InPrivate PartyDealer Retail
Outstanding$9,399$12,255$14,617
Clean$9,022$11,750$13,997
Average$8,395$10,908$12,963
Rough$7,580$9,813$11,620

The average list price of a used 2018 Nissan Rogue in Aurora, Colorado is $14,207. The average mileage on a used Nissan Rogue 2018 for sale in Aurora, Colorado is 88,640. Based on the average mileage of 88,640 for used 2018 Nissan Rogue for sale in Aurora, CO and using an average vehicle condition rating, which means the vehicle may have a few mechanical and/or cosmetic problems and may require a considerable amount of reconditioning, we appraise the average trade-in value of a used Nissan Rogue 2018 in Aurora, Colorado to be $8,395.

Filters
Skip to Results

Applied Filters4Active

Select Buying Experience

Location

Search radius200 miles
Search radius

Make & Model

Year

New / Used

Price & Payments

Price Rating

Body Type

Trim

Mileage

Accidents & History

Engine & Drivetrain

Exterior Color

Interior Color

Total Seating

Edmunds Review

Features

Options & Packages

MPG

Listing Details


* Delivery of any kind does not apply to Alaska and Hawaii. Contact the dealer for delivery details, restrictions and costs.