Used 2016 Volkswagen Beetle for Sale in Bowling Green, KY
Describe what you’re looking for
BETA
Skip to FiltersReport abuse
303 listings
- Price Drop
$12,876good price$1,103 below market102,105 miles2 Accidents, 2 Owners, Personal use only4cyl AutomaticSerra Kia (440 mi away)- Back-up camera
- Bluetooth
- Tire Pressure Warnin...
- USB Inputs
- Trip Computer
Close
Located in Washington, MI / 440 miles away from Bowling Green, KY
17" ALLOY WHEELS, FWD, LEATHER WRAPPED STEERING WHEEL W/ MOUNTED CONTROLS & CRUISE CONTROL, HEATED FRONT BUCKET SEATS, REAR VIEW CAMERA, SOS SYSTEM, B...
AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary
Accident Free Vehicle: No
Personal Use Only: Yes
History Provider: AutoCheck
Title Details: Clean Title
Salvage Vehicle: No
Frame Damage: No
Theft History: No
Lemon Status: No
Free History Report: No
Features and Specs:
28 Combined MPG (25 City/34 Highway)
Listing Information:
VIN: 3VWJ17AT4GM613570
Stock: P23485
Certified Pre-Owned: No
Listed since: 04-17-2024 - New Listing
$16,990fair price$939 above market66,169 milesNo accidents, 3 Owners, Corporate fleet vehicle4cyl AutomaticCarvana - Memphis (233 mi away)Free home delivery*- Bluetooth
- Tire Pressure Warnin...
- USB Inputs
- Trip Computer
- Rear Bench Seats
Close
Located in Memphis, TN / 233 miles away from Bowling Green, KY
At Carvana, we go miles beyond the extra mile. That's why we provide you with a convenient, fast, and hassle-free car buying experience that puts you ...
AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary
Accident Free Vehicle: Yes
Personal Use Only: No
History Provider: AutoCheck
Title Details: Clean Title
Salvage Vehicle: No
Frame Damage: No
Theft History: No
Lemon Status: No
Free History Report: No
Features and Specs:
28 Combined MPG (25 City/34 Highway)
Listing Information:
VIN: 3VWF17AT4GM606253
Stock: 2002878978
Certified Pre-Owned: No
Listed since: 05-02-2024 
$14,095fair price$784 above market105,457 miles1 Accident, 4 Owners, Personal use4cyl AutomaticMobile DriveTime (445 mi away)- Bluetooth
- Tire Pressure Warnin...
- USB Inputs
- Trip Computer
- Rear Bench Seats
Close
Located in Mobile, AL / 445 miles away from Bowling Green, KY
GENIUS TOOLS AND VEHICLE BENEFITS: Experience the Genius Way to Buy a Car at DriveTime with true online financing terms, no haggle pricing and a press...
AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary
Accident Free Vehicle: No
Personal Use Only: Yes
History Provider: AutoCheck
Title Details: Clean Title
Salvage Vehicle: No
Frame Damage: No
Theft History: No
Lemon Status: No
Free History Report: No
Features and Specs:
28 Combined MPG (25 City/34 Highway)
Listing Information:
VIN: 3VWF17AT8GM603419
Stock: 1120229004
Certified Pre-Owned: No
Listed since: 04-22-2024- Price Drop
39,546 milesNo accidents, 3 Owners, Personal use4cyl AutomaticKings Toyota (198 mi away)- Back-up camera
- Bluetooth
- Tire Pressure Warnin...
- USB Inputs
- Trip Computer
Close
Located in Cincinnati, OH / 198 miles away from Bowling Green, KY
Odometer is 37069 miles below market average! 25/34 City/Highway MPG Clean CARFAX. Silver 2016 Volkswagen Beetle 1.8T SE FWD 6-Speed Automatic 1.8L I4...
AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary
Accident Free Vehicle: Yes
Personal Use Only: Yes
History Provider: AutoCheck
Title Details: Clean Title
Salvage Vehicle: No
Frame Damage: No
Theft History: No
Lemon Status: No
Free History Report: No
Features and Specs:
28 Combined MPG (25 City/34 Highway)
Listing Information:
VIN: 3VWJ07AT7GM614697
Stock: GM614697
Certified Pre-Owned: No
Listed since: 03-23-2024 
28,580 milesNo accidents, 3 Owners, Corporate fleet vehicle4cyl AutomaticDean Team Volkswagen Kirkwood (246 mi away)- Bluetooth
- Tire Pressure Warnin...
- USB Inputs
- Trip Computer
- Rear Bench Seats
Close
Located in Kirkwood, MO / 246 miles away from Bowling Green, KY
Experience the Dean Team difference! We offer FREE car washes for life and FREE loaner cars in our service department *Certified appraisers available ...
AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary
Accident Free Vehicle: Yes
Personal Use Only: No
History Provider: AutoCheck
Title Details: Clean Title
Salvage Vehicle: No
Frame Damage: No
Theft History: No
Lemon Status: No
Free History Report: No
Features and Specs:
28 Combined MPG (25 City/34 Highway)
Listing Information:
VIN: 3VWF17ATXGM609108
Stock: K7863
Certified Pre-Owned: No
Listed since: 03-27-2024
176,640 milesNo accidents, 2 Owners, Personal use only4cyl AutomaticENE Motors (406 mi away)- Back-up camera
- Bluetooth
- Tire Pressure Warnin...
- Parking sensors
- USB Inputs
Close
Located in Racine, WI / 406 miles away from Bowling Green, KY
Our 2016 Volkswagen Beetle Dune is ready to rock and roll in Sandstorm Yellow Metallic! Motivated by a TurboCharged 1.8 Liter 4 Cylinder that provides...
AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary
Accident Free Vehicle: Yes
Personal Use Only: Yes
History Provider: AutoCheck
Title Details: Clean Title
Salvage Vehicle: No
Frame Damage: No
Theft History: No
Lemon Status: No
Free History Report: No
Features and Specs:
27 Combined MPG (24 City/31 Highway)
Listing Information:
VIN: 3VWS17AT9GM621975
Stock: 6317
Certified Pre-Owned: No
Listed since: 01-29-2024
52,788 miles2 Accidents, 5 Owners, Personal use4cyl AutomaticShirlie Slack Mitsubishi (496 mi away)- Back-up camera
- Bluetooth
- Sunroof/Moonroof
- Keyless Entry/Start
- Upgraded Headlights
Close
Located in Fredericksburg, VA / 496 miles away from Bowling Green, KY
1.8T Dune trim. Excellent Condition, GREAT MILES 52,788! FUEL EFFICIENT 31 MPG Hwy/24 MPG City! Heated Seats, Moonroof, Bluetooth, Satellite Radio, Ba...
AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary
Accident Free Vehicle: No
Personal Use Only: Yes
History Provider: AutoCheck
Title Details: Clean Title
Salvage Vehicle: No
Frame Damage: No
Theft History: No
Lemon Status: No
Free History Report: No
Features and Specs:
27 Combined MPG (24 City/31 Highway)
Listing Information:
VIN: 3VWS07AT6GM620754
Stock: 84078H
Certified Pre-Owned: No
Listed since: 03-08-2024
90,328 miles1 Accident, 1 Owner, Personal use only4cyl AutomaticGermain Volkswagen of Columbus (271 mi away)Five Star Dealer- Back-up camera
- Bluetooth
- Tire Pressure Warnin...
- Parking sensors
- USB Inputs
Close
Located in Columbus, OH / 271 miles away from Bowling Green, KY
dune Cloth. CARFAX One-Owner.Deep Black Pearl 2016 Volkswagen Beetle 1.8T Dune FWD 1.8L I4 Turbocharged DOHC 16V ULEV II 170hp 6-Speed Automatic24/31 ...
AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary
Accident Free Vehicle: No
Personal Use Only: Yes
History Provider: AutoCheck
Title Details: Clean Title
Salvage Vehicle: No
Frame Damage: No
Theft History: No
Lemon Status: No
Free History Report: No
Features and Specs:
27 Combined MPG (24 City/31 Highway)
Listing Information:
VIN: 3VWS07AT2GM621691
Stock: VGM621691
Certified Pre-Owned: No
Listed since: 04-01-2024- New Listing
69,261 miles4cyl AutomaticCarMax Huntsville - Now offering Express Pickup (153 mi away)- Bluetooth
- Tire Pressure Warnin...
- USB Inputs
- Trip Computer
- Rear Bench Seats
Close
Located in Huntsville, AL / 153 miles away from Bowling Green, KY
CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...
AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary Unavailable.
Features and Specs:
28 Combined MPG (25 City/34 Highway)
Listing Information:
VIN: 3VWF17AT1GM637282
Stock: 25347368
Certified Pre-Owned: No - Price Drop
59,364 miles1 Accident, 3 Owners, Personal use4cyl AutomaticMorrow DriveTime (262 mi away)- Back-up camera
- Bluetooth
- Tire Pressure Warnin...
- USB Inputs
- Trip Computer
Close
Located in Morrow, GA / 262 miles away from Bowling Green, KY
GENIUS TOOLS AND VEHICLE BENEFITS: Experience the Genius Way to Buy a Car at DriveTime with true online financing terms, no haggle pricing and a press...
AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary
Accident Free Vehicle: No
Personal Use Only: Yes
History Provider: AutoCheck
Title Details: Clean Title
Salvage Vehicle: No
Frame Damage: No
Theft History: No
Lemon Status: No
Free History Report: No
Features and Specs:
28 Combined MPG (25 City/34 Highway)
Listing Information:
VIN: 3VWJ17AT9GM615282
Stock: 1120221652
Certified Pre-Owned: No
Listed since: 01-10-2024 - Price Drop
44,632 miles1 Accident, 2 Owners, Corporate fleet vehicle4cyl AutomaticCapital Blvd DriveTime (442 mi away)- Back-up camera
- Bluetooth
- Navigation
- Sunroof/Moonroof
- Keyless Entry/Start
Close
Located in Raleigh, NC / 442 miles away from Bowling Green, KY
GENIUS TOOLS AND VEHICLE BENEFITS: Experience the Genius Way to Buy a Car at DriveTime with true online financing terms, no haggle pricing and a press...
AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary
Accident Free Vehicle: No
Personal Use Only: No
History Provider: AutoCheck
Title Details: Clean Title
Salvage Vehicle: No
Frame Damage: No
Theft History: No
Lemon Status: No
Free History Report: No
Features and Specs:
28 Combined MPG (25 City/34 Highway)
Listing Information:
VIN: 3VWJ17AT4GM604447
Stock: 1190198689
Certified Pre-Owned: No
Listed since: 03-25-2024 - New Listing
$10,000great price$2,406 below market79,769 miles3 Accidents, 2 Owners, Personal use only4cyl AutomaticBommarito Buick GMC (255 mi away)- Bluetooth
- Navigation
- Tire Pressure Warnin...
- Trip Computer
- Rear Bench Seats
Close
Located in Ellisville, MO / 255 miles away from Bowling Green, KY
Recent Arrival! 2015 Volkswagen Beetle 1.8T 1.8L 4-Cylinder 6-Speed Automatic FWD 2D Hatchback Black 4-Wheel Disc Brakes, ABS brakes, Air Conditioning...
AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary
Accident Free Vehicle: No
Personal Use Only: Yes
History Provider: AutoCheck
Title Details: Clean Title
Salvage Vehicle: No
Frame Damage: No
Theft History: No
Lemon Status: No
Free History Report: No
Features and Specs:
28 Combined MPG (25 City/33 Highway)
Listing Information:
VIN: 3VWF17AT2FM656180
Stock: 46124A
Certified Pre-Owned: No - Price Drop
$19,500good price$1,660 below market21,237 miles1 Accident, 1 Owner, Corporate fleet vehicle4cyl AutomaticZeigler Cadillac of Lincolnwood (357 mi away)- Back-up camera
- Bluetooth
- Keyless Entry/Start
- Tire Pressure Warnin...
- USB Inputs
Close
Located in Lincolnwood, IL / 357 miles away from Bowling Green, KY
2017 Volkswagen Beetle/ BACKUP CAMERA/ BLUETOOTH w/MUSIC STREAMING/ LEATHER HEATED SEATS/ SMART KEY w/PUSH BUTTON START. At Zeigler Cadillac of Linc...
AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary
Accident Free Vehicle: No
Personal Use Only: No
History Provider: AutoCheck
Title Details: Clean Title
Salvage Vehicle: No
Frame Damage: No
Theft History: No
Lemon Status: No
Free History Report: No
Features and Specs:
28 Combined MPG (24 City/33 Highway)
Listing Information:
VIN: 3VWJ17AT6HM616620
Stock: PJ4004
Certified Pre-Owned: No
Listed since: 02-26-2024 - Price Drop
$22,590fair price$1,109 above market21,168 milesNo accidents, 2 Owners, Personal use only4cyl AutomaticCarvana - Birmingham (238 mi away)Free home delivery*- Back-up camera
- Bluetooth
- Tire Pressure Warnin...
- USB Inputs
- Trip Computer
Close
Located in Birmingham, AL / 238 miles away from Bowling Green, KY
At Carvana, we go miles beyond the extra mile. That's why we provide you with a convenient, fast, and hassle-free car buying experience that puts you ...
AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary
Accident Free Vehicle: Yes
Personal Use Only: Yes
History Provider: AutoCheck
Title Details: Clean Title
Salvage Vehicle: No
Frame Damage: No
Theft History: No
Lemon Status: No
Free History Report: No
Features and Specs:
28 Combined MPG (24 City/33 Highway)
Listing Information:
VIN: 3VWF17AT2HM601991
Stock: 2002866864
Certified Pre-Owned: No
Listed since: 04-13-2024 
$19,232fair price$76 above market42,139 milesNo accidents, 2 Owners, Personal use4cyl AutomaticUnlimited Motors Fishers (207 mi away)- Back-up camera
- Bluetooth
- Navigation
- Tire Pressure Warnin...
- USB Inputs
Close
Located in Fishers, IN / 207 miles away from Bowling Green, KY
Navigation, Bluetooth, Back Up Camera, 4-Wheel Disc Brakes, 8 Speakers, ABS brakes, Air Conditioning, Alloy wheels, AM/FM radio, Auto-dimming Rear-Vie...
AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary
Accident Free Vehicle: Yes
Personal Use Only: Yes
History Provider: AutoCheck
Title Details: Clean Title
Salvage Vehicle: No
Frame Damage: No
Theft History: No
Lemon Status: No
Free History Report: No
Features and Specs:
28 Combined MPG (24 City/33 Highway)
Listing Information:
VIN: 3VWF17AT1HM629684
Stock: STK629684
Certified Pre-Owned: No
Listed since: 10-11-2023
74,726 milesNo accidents, 2 Owners, Corporate fleet vehicle4cyl AutomaticSKCO Automotive (445 mi away)- Back-up camera
- Bluetooth
- Tire Pressure Warnin...
- USB Inputs
- Trip Computer
Close
Located in Mobile, AL / 445 miles away from Bowling Green, KY
Delivers 33 Highway MPG and 24 City MPG! This Volkswagen Beetle boasts a Intercooled Turbo Regular Unleaded I-4 1.8 L/110 engine powering this Automat...
AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary
Accident Free Vehicle: Yes
Personal Use Only: No
History Provider: AutoCheck
Title Details: Clean Title
Salvage Vehicle: No
Frame Damage: No
Theft History: No
Lemon Status: No
Free History Report: No
Features and Specs:
28 Combined MPG (24 City/33 Highway)
Listing Information:
VIN: 3VWF17AT7HM615711
Stock: 615711
Certified Pre-Owned: No
82,843 milesNo accidents, 1 Owner, Personal use only4cyl AutomaticCarvana - Charlotte (334 mi away)Home delivery*- Bluetooth
- Tire Pressure Warnin...
- Trip Computer
- Rear Bench Seats
- Stability Control
Close
Located in Charlotte, NC / 334 miles away from Bowling Green, KY
At Carvana, we go miles beyond the extra mile. That's why we provide you with a convenient, fast, and hassle-free car buying experience that puts you ...
AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary
Accident Free Vehicle: Yes
Personal Use Only: Yes
History Provider: AutoCheck
Title Details: Clean Title
Salvage Vehicle: No
Frame Damage: No
Theft History: No
Lemon Status: No
Free History Report: No
Features and Specs:
28 Combined MPG (25 City/33 Highway)
Listing Information:
VIN: 3VWJ17ATXFM644787
Stock: 2002765986
Certified Pre-Owned: No
Listed since: 04-12-2024
46,040 miles1 Accident, 2 Owners, Corporate fleet vehicle4cyl AutomaticBest Choice Motors (239 mi away)- Bluetooth
- Tire Pressure Warnin...
- Trip Computer
- Rear Bench Seats
- Stability Control
Close
Located in Lafayette, IN / 239 miles away from Bowling Green, KY
Let Best Choice Motors show you how easy it is to find a quality pre-owned vehicle. We specialize in auto financing and work with ALL types of credit....
AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary
Accident Free Vehicle: No
Personal Use Only: No
History Provider: AutoCheck
Title Details: Clean Title
Salvage Vehicle: No
Frame Damage: No
Theft History: No
Lemon Status: No
Free History Report: No
Features and Specs:
28 Combined MPG (25 City/33 Highway)
Listing Information:
VIN: 3VWJ17AT5FM636712
Stock: 636712
Certified Pre-Owned: No
Listed since: 04-25-2024- Price Drop
$9,250great price$1,864 below market105,229 milesNo accidents, 3 Owners, Personal use only4cyl AutomaticMark McLarty Ford (358 mi away)- Bluetooth
- Tire Pressure Warnin...
- Trip Computer
- Rear Bench Seats
- Stability Control
Close
Located in North Little Rock, AR / 358 miles away from Bowling Green, KY
Leather, Cruise Control, Keyless Entry, Bluetooth, USB / AUX Ports, MP3 Player, Performance Tires, Alloy Wheels, Premium Wheels, Color Touch-Screen Di...
AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary
Accident Free Vehicle: Yes
Personal Use Only: Yes
History Provider: AutoCheck
Title Details: Clean Title
Salvage Vehicle: No
Frame Damage: No
Theft History: No
Lemon Status: No
Free History Report: No
Features and Specs:
28 Combined MPG (25 City/33 Highway)
Listing Information:
VIN: 3VWJ17AT6EM653131
Stock: EM653131
Certified Pre-Owned: No
Listed since: 04-26-2024 
$13,995great price$1,601 below market82,660 milesNo accidents, 1 Owner, Personal use only4cyl AutomaticCincinnati Used Auto Sales (185 mi away)- Back-up camera
- Bluetooth
- Keyless Entry/Start
- Tire Pressure Warnin...
- USB Inputs
Close
Located in Cincinnati, OH / 185 miles away from Bowling Green, KY
"THIS 2018 VOLKSWAGEN BEETLE 2.0L TURBO ""S"" IS IN GREAT CONDITION INSIDE AND OUT! 3 MONTH/ 3000 MILE POWERTRAIN WARRANTY! ASK ABOUT OUR GREAT FINANC...
AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary
Accident Free Vehicle: Yes
Personal Use Only: Yes
History Provider: AutoCheck
Title Details: Clean Title
Salvage Vehicle: No
Frame Damage: No
Theft History: No
Lemon Status: No
Free History Report: No
Features and Specs:
29 Combined MPG (26 City/33 Highway)
Listing Information:
VIN: 3VWFD7AT3JM714636
Stock: 1100
Certified Pre-Owned: No- Price Drop
$9,500great price$1,923 below market109,494 miles2 Accidents, 1 Owner, Personal use only4cyl AutomaticGermantown Auto Sales (214 mi away)- Bluetooth
- Tire Pressure Warnin...
- USB Inputs
- Trip Computer
- Rear Bench Seats
Close
Located in Carlisle, OH / 214 miles away from Bowling Green, KY
2016 VW Beetle Classic Limited Edition 1 owner rust free Southern body from Florida. Sold new at Rick Case Volkswagen This is a great retro take on th...
AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary
Accident Free Vehicle: No
Personal Use Only: Yes
History Provider: AutoCheck
Title Details: Clean Title
Salvage Vehicle: No
Frame Damage: No
Theft History: No
Lemon Status: No
Free History Report: No
Features and Specs:
28 Combined MPG (25 City/34 Highway)
Listing Information:
VIN: 3VWF17AT8GM636579
Stock: V7839CLASSIC
Certified Pre-Owned: No
Listed since: 01-25-2024
Consumer Reviews for the Volkswagen Beetle
Read recent reviews for the Volkswagen Beetle
A Very Satisfied Husband and Wife
Francis J Wanat Jr, 03/28/2016
2014 Volkswagen Beetle 2.5L 2dr Hatchback (2.5L 5cyl 5M)
For the price and condition this was a fantastic purchase. My first car forty- six years ago was a Beetle Bug and although the air-cooled engine is no longer, the reliability and technology are very much in the product. My wife and I have no regrets. We have a loaded SUV and she claimed the Bug as hers before we returned home from the purchase. It was also a wonderful purchase … experience as we were already qualified for credit and knew what we wanted having done extensive on-lineresearch.I
One year later - March, 2017
My wife and I are still very satisfied with the Beetle and could not be happier. It is a second vehicle that we garage for about six months of the year as we go north to Maine with our SUV. That being said, we put 3,000+ mph on it and are more than pleased. It is a very good product which has protected its reliability. It is true that my first was German made and this was manufactured in Mexico, but VW has certainly maintained the integrity of the Bug!!!
We traded our former Beetle for another one a year older with lower mileage. It has been another year and our new "Bug" is just as loved and appreciated. It's a 2013 convertible with about 26,500 miles at present that we affectionately refer to as our "Platinum Grey Ghost". We try to keep it well maintained and have no plans to either sell or trade it. Another WONDERFUL car and if I can hyperbolize, an integral family member!!! My wife always had her heart set on a convertible. It was in mint condition so we traded our other.
It seems another year has come and gone when I hear from you folks at Edmunds. The 2013 convertible beetle has been garage for almost five months which is kosher. We return to Florida on October 23 and that is the due date to place the "bug" back on the road. In turn, our Santa Fe Sport will go into the garage only to be used for a periodic long drive with the pooches. As to our grey ghost, it will get a fresh oil change and will probably do another three thousand of so miles before being stored for another five months or so. She will probably not the 30,000 mile mark between November and April. I am about to turn seventy-one and still find the Beetle a fun car to drive. I find it an easy car to enter and exit. It gets me a zippy go being a 2.5 five cylinder. I loved the Tornado Red 2014, but my wife always wanted a convertible and what better place to have one but central Florida. If there is any drawback, it is that it does not have anywhere the cargo space of the former red devil. Nevertheless, it has everything my wife and I need and she is extremely happy with it. That is what counts after all. I look forward to washing and waxing it. It's impeccable to us and paid for....what more can I ask. As for our Hyundai SUV, it is going to turn about 50k miles by the time we drive from Maine back to our primary dogs and that is another vehicle I am extremely happy with having purchased it new. I just purchased a new set of tires for it so we are good to go. I always enjoy your auto reviews at Edmunds.
Used 2016 Volkswagen Beetle in Bowling Green, KY Values
Estimated values
2016 Volkswagen Beetle 1.8T SE PZEV 2dr Hatchback (1.8L 4cyl Turbo 6A) with no options
| Condition | Trade-In | Private Party | Dealer Retail |
|---|---|---|---|
| Outstanding | $11,590 | $15,756 | $18,957 |
| Clean | $11,184 | $15,173 | $18,218 |
| Average | $10,508 | $14,200 | $16,986 |
| Rough | $9,628 | $12,936 | $15,384 |
The average list price of a used 2016 Volkswagen Beetle in Bowling Green, Kentucky is $16,588. The average mileage on a used Volkswagen Beetle 2016 for sale in Bowling Green, Kentucky is 71,437. Based on the average mileage of 71,437 for used 2016 Volkswagen Beetle for sale in Bowling Green, KY and using an average vehicle condition rating, which means the vehicle may have a few mechanical and/or cosmetic problems and may require a considerable amount of reconditioning, we appraise the average trade-in value of a used Volkswagen Beetle 2016 in Bowling Green, Kentucky to be $10,508.
* Delivery of any kind does not apply to Alaska and Hawaii. Contact the dealer for delivery details, restrictions and costs.