Skip to main content
Skip to Filters
755 listings
    • 12,064 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 7 Seats, 14 City / 18 Hwy MPG
    • Audi Dallas (186 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    Close

    Located in Dallas, TX / 186 miles away from Austin, TX

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    16 Combined MPG (14 City/18 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1GYS4FKL9RR417594
    Stock: 425721796
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 05-20-2025

    • 7,273 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 7 Seats, 14 City / 18 Hwy MPG
    • Cavender Cadillac (60 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in San Antonio, TX / 60 miles away from Austin, TX

    Clean CARFAX. CARFAX One-Owner.Certified.Argent Silver Metallic 2024 Cadillac Escalade 4D Sport Utility Sport AWD 10-Speed Automatic 6.2L V8 AWD, Bran...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    16 Combined MPG (14 City/18 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1GYS4FKL1RR242760
    Stock: RR242760T
    Certified Pre-Owned: Yes
    Listed since: 05-17-2025

  • Price Drop
    $139,990
    fair price
    $2,709 below market
    • 10,590 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 7 Seats, 11 City / 16 Hwy MPG
    • Driveway (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    Close

    Located in Portland, OR / 1,716 miles away from Austin, TX

    CarFax No Accidents Reported,CarFax 1-Owner,3rd Row Seat,Apple CarPlay,Back-Up Camera,Blind Spot Monitor,Bluetooth,Brake Assist,Chrome Wheels,Entertai...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    13 Combined MPG (11 City/16 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1GYS4HK92RR363555
    Stock: RR363555CC
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

    • 3,355 miles
    • No accidents, personal use only
    • 7 Seats, 14 City / 18 Hwy MPG
    • Garland Cadillac (191 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Garland, TX / 191 miles away from Austin, TX

    Recent Arrival! Odometer is 11622 miles below market average! Certified.Clean CARFAX.** Alloy Wheels / Premium Wheels, ** Apple CarPlay / Android Auto...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    16 Combined MPG (14 City/18 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1GYS4GKL8RR360441
    Stock: RR360441A
    Certified Pre-Owned: Yes
    Listed since: 06-06-2025

    • 17,060 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 7 Seats, 14 City / 18 Hwy MPG
    • Cavender Cadillac (60 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    Close

    Located in San Antonio, TX / 60 miles away from Austin, TX

    Clean CARFAX. CARFAX One-Owner.Certified.Radiant Red Tintcoat 2024 Cadillac Escalade 4D Sport Utility Sport Platinum AWD 10-Speed Automatic 6.2L V8 AW...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    16 Combined MPG (14 City/18 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1GYS4GKL1RR241744
    Stock: RR241744T1
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 04-24-2025

    • 6,309 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 7 Seats, 11 City / 16 Hwy MPG
    • FDS Luxury Auto (69 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    Close

    Located in San Antonio, TX / 69 miles away from Austin, TX

    -24 Vossen Wheels -35x12.5R24LT Recon Grappler A/T 116R Tires -$10k Leveling kit -Full front Xpel -Ceramic tint

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    13 Combined MPG (11 City/16 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1GYS4HK93RR339989
    Stock: RR339989
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 03-16-2025

    • 6,539 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 7 Seats, 14 City / 18 Hwy MPG
    • Trucks in Texas (66 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in San Antonio, TX / 66 miles away from Austin, TX

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    16 Combined MPG (14 City/18 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1GYS4GKL6RR279003
    Stock: 279003A
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 01-03-2025

  • New Listing
    • 23,658 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 7 Seats, 11 City / 16 Hwy MPG
    • Sewell Cadillac of Grapevine (189 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Grapevine, TX / 189 miles away from Austin, TX

    Sewell Cadillac of Grapevine proudly offers this 2024 Cadillac Escalade All Wheel Drive that has been professionally inspected by one of our Sewell te...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    13 Combined MPG (11 City/16 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1GYS4HK97RR351904
    Stock: 5358915A
    Certified Pre-Owned: Yes
    Listed since: 06-18-2025

  • New Listing
    Stock photo**
    • 6,800 miles
    • 7 Seats, 14 City / 18 Hwy MPG
    • Sewell Cadillac of Grapevine (189 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Grapevine, TX / 189 miles away from Austin, TX

    Sewell Cadillac of Grapevine proudly offers this Certified Preowned 2024 Cadillac Escalade 4x4. This well-equipped vehicle features the following equi...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary Unavailable.

    Features and Specs:

    16 Combined MPG (14 City/18 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1GYS4GKL6RR383703
    Stock: 5361290B
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 06-19-2025

    • 6,369 miles
    • No accidents, personal use only
    • 7 Seats, 14 City / 18 Hwy MPG
    • Jerry's Cadillac (174 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Weatherford, TX / 174 miles away from Austin, TX

    2024 Cadillac Escalade Premium Luxury AWD 10-Speed Automatic AWD, Black Leather.

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    16 Combined MPG (14 City/18 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1GYS4BKL2RR416327
    Stock: RR416327
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 03-19-2025

    • 7,841 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use
    • 7 Seats, 11 City / 16 Hwy MPG
    • Mercedes-Benz of Sugar Land (131 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    Close

    Located in Sugar Land, TX / 131 miles away from Austin, TX

    Call 2**.2**.1*** for more information! This 2024 Cadillac Escalade V IN EXCELLENT CONDITION is offered for sale by Mercedes-Benz of Sugar Land. It ha...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    13 Combined MPG (11 City/16 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1GYS4HK91RR134865
    Stock: T70004
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 05-03-2025

  • New Listing
    • 9,541 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 7 Seats, 11 City / 16 Hwy MPG
    • Lewisville Autoplex (197 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Lewisville, TX / 197 miles away from Austin, TX

    CARFAX One-Owner. Clean CARFAX.Pre-Qualify for Low Finance Rate & 100k Mile Extended Service Plan, 90 Day/3k Mile Limited Warranty, Free Clean CARFAX ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    13 Combined MPG (11 City/16 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1GYS4HK97RR328431
    Stock: 20254
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 04-10-2025

    • 4,913 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use only
    • 7 Seats, 11 City / 16 Hwy MPG
    • Lotus of Dallas (195 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Carrollton, TX / 195 miles away from Austin, TX

    Dealer Earth MotorCars is Proud to offer this amazing: 2024 Cadillac Escalade V-Series 682 HP Onyx Package Console Refrigerator Clean CARFAX. CLEAN A...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    13 Combined MPG (11 City/16 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1GYS4HK96RR366183
    Stock: 366183T
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 05-15-2025

    • 10,663 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 7 Seats, 14 City / 18 Hwy MPG
    • Platinum Chevrolet (189 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Terrell, TX / 189 miles away from Austin, TX

    2024 Cadillac Escalade Sport 4WD Certified, Low Miles, and Seriously LoadedNow Certified for added value and peace of mind, this 2024 Cadillac Esca...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    16 Combined MPG (14 City/18 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1GYS4FKL5RR234211
    Stock: T250926A
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 05-06-2025

    • 20,467 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 7 Seats, 14 City / 18 Hwy MPG
    • Motor Trends of Houston (156 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Alvin, TX / 156 miles away from Austin, TX

    ** FREE DELIVERY IN TX **** DISCOUNTED DELIVERY NATIONWIDE ****COMPLETE ENTIRE TRANSACTION FROM YOUR HOME**** THE PRICE YOU SEE IS THE PRICE YOU PAY!!...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    16 Combined MPG (14 City/18 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1GYS4GKL2RR105462
    Stock: 105462
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 12-30-2024

    • 2,132 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 7 Seats, 14 City / 18 Hwy MPG
    • Garland Cadillac (191 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Garland, TX / 191 miles away from Austin, TX

    Recent Arrival! Odometer is 12046 miles below market average! Certified.CARFAX One-Owner. Clean CARFAX.** Alloy Wheels / Premium Wheels, ** Apple CarP...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    16 Combined MPG (14 City/18 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1GYS4GKL6RR369011
    Stock: RR369011A
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 06-11-2025

    • 8,550 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 7 Seats, 14 City / 19 Hwy MPG
    • Central Houston Cadillac (140 mi away)
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in Houston, TX / 140 miles away from Austin, TX

    Central Houston Cadillac is proud to present you with another True Market Priced Pre-Owned Vehicle. This 2024 Cadillac Escalade Premium Luxury is load...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    16 Combined MPG (14 City/19 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1GYS3BKL6RR372884
    Stock: 25930A
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 06-11-2025

    • 4,587 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use
    • 8 Seats, 14 City / 18 Hwy MPG
    • Lifted Trucks (180 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Hurst, TX / 180 miles away from Austin, TX

    This Leveled 2024 Cadillac Escalade includes a 2.5-inch Switch Performance Air Ride Level Lift and 24-inch Vossen Forged Gloss Black Wheels with Nitto...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    16 Combined MPG (14 City/18 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1GYS4GKL6RR314042
    Stock: TX03837
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 01-28-2025

    • 2,839 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 7 Seats, 14 City / 18 Hwy MPG
    • Sewell Cadillac of Grapevine (189 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Grapevine, TX / 189 miles away from Austin, TX

    Sewell Cadillac of Grapevine proudly offers this Certified Preowned 2024 Cadillac Escalade Four Wheel Drive. This well-equipped vehicle features the f...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    16 Combined MPG (14 City/18 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1GYS4BKL3RR417857
    Stock: 5358725A
    Certified Pre-Owned: Yes
    Listed since: 06-04-2025

    • 6,213 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 7 Seats, 14 City / 18 Hwy MPG
    • Lotus of Dallas (195 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Carrollton, TX / 195 miles away from Austin, TX

    Dealer Earth MotorCars is Proud to offer this amazing: 2024 Cadillac Escalade Premium Luxury Platinum Night Vision Power Steps Refrigerator CARFAX On...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    16 Combined MPG (14 City/18 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1GYS4DKL9RR307701
    Stock: 307701
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 03-27-2025

    • 25,610 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 7 Seats, 14 City / 19 Hwy MPG
    • Fertitta Chevrolet (160 mi away)
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in Houston, TX / 160 miles away from Austin, TX

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    16 Combined MPG (14 City/19 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1GYS3GKLXRR133688
    Stock: RR133688
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 04-11-2025

Showing 673 - 693 out of 755 listings

Consumer Reviews for the Cadillac Escalade

Read recent reviews for the Cadillac Escalade
Overall Consumer Rating
2.8 out of 5 stars16 Reviews
Write a vehicle reviewSee all 16 reviews
  • 5 star
    (13%)
  • 4 star
    (19%)
  • 3 star
    (25%)
  • 2 star
    (25%)
  • 1 star
    (19%)
3 out of 5 stars

Drop it like its hot....(the car value)

Mike, 01/12/2018
2015 Cadillac Escalade Premium 4dr SUV (6.2L 8cyl 8A)
Bought the 2015i Escalade ("i" indicates the new version with the new logo badge) for about 86k new. Looked to check the value of the vehicle and its around 50k in immaculate condition; first issue: truck does not hold its value. During my time, the Escalade has had its share of issues, to which the dealership was more than happy to resolve since it was under warranty. However, some … of the issues out of the gate were fairly major. For example, my transmission was changed 1 year into the purchase (never got a full explanation on this one), airbags needed to be serviced, CUE system has been changed twice due to malfunctions like rebooting during use and turning bright green at times, and many, many small issues here and there. Unfortunately, these repairs were not lemon-able because they were all different, but on the upside I did get a try a wide variety of Cadillac cars through their loaner program. Other small issues like cabin noise and vibrations were similar to what I experienced in my Chevy Tahoe, except the Tahoe was around 40k and not exactly a premium vehicle. My recommendation, the Escalade struggles to compete with similarly priced SUVs; you are better off looking elsewhere or buying used.
Report abuse

Used 2024 Cadillac Escalade in Austin, TX Values

Estimated values
2024 Cadillac Escalade Sport 4dr SUV 4WD (6.2L 8cyl 10A) with no options
ConditionTrade-InPrivate PartyDealer Retail
Outstanding$80,958$84,303$88,362
Clean$80,197$83,430$87,365
Average$78,928$81,977$85,702
Rough$77,279$80,087$83,541

The average list price of a used 2024 Cadillac Escalade in Austin, Texas is $108,470. The average mileage on a used Cadillac Escalade 2024 for sale in Austin, Texas is 9,684. Based on the average mileage of 9,684 for used 2024 Cadillac Escalade for sale in Austin, TX and using an average vehicle condition rating, which means the vehicle may have a few mechanical and/or cosmetic problems and may require a considerable amount of reconditioning, we appraise the average trade-in value of a used Cadillac Escalade 2024 in Austin, Texas to be $78,928.

Filters
Skip to Results

Applied Filters4Active

Select Buying Experience

Location

Search radius200 miles
Search radius

Make & Model

Year

New / Used

Price & Payments

Price Rating

Body Type

Trim

Mileage

Accidents & History

Engine & Drivetrain

Exterior Color

Interior Color

Total Seating

Edmunds Review

Features

Options & Packages

MPG

Listing Details


* Delivery of any kind does not apply to Alaska and Hawaii. Contact the dealer for delivery details, restrictions and costs.