Skip to main content
Skip to Filters
2,359 listings
  • $18,691
    great price
    $3,129 below market
    • 106,333 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 5 Seats, 26 City / 34 Hwy MPG
    • McDonough Nissan (8 mi away)
    • Home delivery*
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in McDonough, GA / 8 miles away from McDonough, GA

    Navigation, Leather, Bluetooth, Backup Camera, Sunroof, Safety Inspected, Fully detailed, 10 Speakers, 19" Aluminum Alloy Wheels, 4-Wheel Disc Brakes,...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    29 Combined MPG (26 City/34 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JN8AT3DC2MW104014
    Stock: W008942A
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 04-26-2025

  • Price Drop
    $25,900
    great price
    $2,926 below market
    • 12,336 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use
    • 5 Seats, 28 City / 35 Hwy MPG
    • Nalley Hyundai (16 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Upgraded Headlights
    Close

    Located in Lithonia, GA / 16 miles away from McDonough, GA

    RECALL NOTICE: Some vehicles offered for sale may be subject to unrepaired manufacturer safety recalls. To determine the recall status of a vehicle, v...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    31 Combined MPG (28 City/35 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JN8BT3BB3RW446092
    Stock: NHYP241017
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 05-13-2025

  • Price Drop
    $21,661
    great price
    $2,766 below market
    • 48,136 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use
    • 5 Seats, 28 City / 35 Hwy MPG
    • Nissan South (18 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Upgraded Headlights
    Close

    Located in Morrow, GA / 18 miles away from McDonough, GA

    Clean CARFAX. Certified.* NISSAN CERTIFIED PRE-OWNED, * 7 YEAR / 100,000 POWERTRAIN WARRANTY, * 7 YEAR / 100,000 MILE 24 HOUR ROADSIDE ASSISTANCE CO...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    31 Combined MPG (28 City/35 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JN8BT3BB6RW421302
    Stock: RW421302
    Certified Pre-Owned: Yes
    Listed since: 06-06-2025

  • $18,489
    great price
    $2,167 below market
    • 76,256 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use only
    • 5 Seats, 30 City / 37 Hwy MPG
    • Nissan South (18 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Upgraded Headlights
    • Blind Spot Monitorin...
    Close

    Located in Morrow, GA / 18 miles away from McDonough, GA

    Certified.* NISSAN CERTIFIED PRE-OWNED, * 7 YEAR / 100,000 POWERTRAIN WARRANTY, * 7 YEAR / 100,000 MILE 24 HOUR ROADSIDE ASSISTANCE COVERAGE, ** CLE...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    33 Combined MPG (30 City/37 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 5N1BT3BA6PC780839
    Stock: PC780839
    Certified Pre-Owned: Yes
    Listed since: 07-02-2025

  • $22,167
    great price
    $1,789 below market
    • 23,605 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, rental vehicle
    • 5 Seats, 30 City / 37 Hwy MPG
    • Hertz Car Sales Stone Mountain (25 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Upgraded Headlights
    • Blind Spot Monitorin...
    Close

    Located in Stone Mountain, GA / 25 miles away from McDonough, GA

    *All prices plus government fees and taxes, any finance charges, any electronic filing charge, and any emission testing charge. The price includes a d...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: Yes

    Features and Specs:

    33 Combined MPG (30 City/37 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 5N1BT3BA5RC750797
    Stock: 55125
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 05-21-2025

  • $23,585
    good price
    $1,121 below market
    • 30,503 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, rental vehicle
    • 5 Seats, 28 City / 35 Hwy MPG
    • Hertz Car Sales Morrow (18 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Upgraded Headlights
    Close

    Located in Morrow, GA / 18 miles away from McDonough, GA

    *All prices plus government fees and taxes, any finance charges, any electronic filing charge, and any emission testing charge. The price includes a d...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    31 Combined MPG (28 City/35 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 5N1BT3BB0RC758699
    Stock: 45126
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 06-17-2025

  • Price Drop
    $25,341
    fair price
    $169 below market
    • 20,349 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, rental vehicle
    • 5 Seats, 28 City / 35 Hwy MPG
    • Hertz Car Sales Stone Mountain (25 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Upgraded Headlights
    Close

    Located in Stone Mountain, GA / 25 miles away from McDonough, GA

    *All prices plus government fees and taxes, any finance charges, any electronic filing charge, and any emission testing charge. The price includes a d...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: Yes

    Features and Specs:

    31 Combined MPG (28 City/35 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 5N1BT3BB3RC731724
    Stock: 55246
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 06-17-2025

  • $24,166
    good price
    $1,017 below market
    • 24,474 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, rental vehicle
    • 5 Seats, 28 City / 35 Hwy MPG
    • Hertz Car Sales Morrow (18 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Upgraded Headlights
    Close

    Located in Morrow, GA / 18 miles away from McDonough, GA

    *All prices plus government fees and taxes, any finance charges, any electronic filing charge, and any emission testing charge. The price includes a d...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    31 Combined MPG (28 City/35 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JN8BT3BB3RW286201
    Stock: 45118
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 06-16-2025

  • Price Drop
    $25,058
    fair price
    $420 below market
    • 20,762 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, rental vehicle
    • 5 Seats, 28 City / 35 Hwy MPG
    • Hertz Car Sales Stone Mountain (25 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Upgraded Headlights
    Close

    Located in Stone Mountain, GA / 25 miles away from McDonough, GA

    *All prices plus government fees and taxes, any finance charges, any electronic filing charge, and any emission testing charge. The price includes a d...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: Yes

    Features and Specs:

    31 Combined MPG (28 City/35 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 5N1BT3BB9RC758619
    Stock: 55245
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 06-16-2025

  • $22,465
    good price
    $1,511 below market
    • 23,294 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, rental vehicle
    • 5 Seats, 30 City / 37 Hwy MPG
    • Hertz Car Sales Stone Mountain (25 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Upgraded Headlights
    • Blind Spot Monitorin...
    Close

    Located in Stone Mountain, GA / 25 miles away from McDonough, GA

    *All prices plus government fees and taxes, any finance charges, any electronic filing charge, and any emission testing charge. The price includes a d...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: Yes

    Features and Specs:

    33 Combined MPG (30 City/37 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 5N1BT3BA3RC749678
    Stock: 55214
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 06-13-2025

  • $27,249
    good price
    $1,406 below market
    • 6,957 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 5 Seats, 30 City / 37 Hwy MPG
    • Nissan South (18 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Upgraded Headlights
    • Blind Spot Monitorin...
    Close

    Located in Morrow, GA / 18 miles away from McDonough, GA

    Clean CARFAX. Certified.* NISSAN CERTIFIED PRE-OWNED, * 7 YEAR / 100,000 POWERTRAIN WARRANTY, * 7 YEAR / 100,000 MILE 24 HOUR ROADSIDE ASSISTANCE CO...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    33 Combined MPG (30 City/37 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 5N1BT3BAXRC711509
    Stock: RC711509
    Certified Pre-Owned: Yes
    Listed since: 07-10-2025

  • $21,928
    good price
    $1,229 below market
    • 28,584 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, rental vehicle
    • 5 Seats, 30 City / 37 Hwy MPG
    • Hertz Car Sales Stone Mountain (25 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Upgraded Headlights
    • Blind Spot Monitorin...
    Close

    Located in Stone Mountain, GA / 25 miles away from McDonough, GA

    *All prices plus government fees and taxes, any finance charges, any electronic filing charge, and any emission testing charge. The price includes a d...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: Yes

    Features and Specs:

    33 Combined MPG (30 City/37 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 5N1BT3BA0PC944960
    Stock: 55269
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 06-30-2025

  • $22,625
    good price
    $1,414 below market
    • 22,307 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 5 Seats, 30 City / 37 Hwy MPG
    • Hertz Car Sales Morrow (18 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Upgraded Headlights
    • Blind Spot Monitorin...
    Close

    Located in Morrow, GA / 18 miles away from McDonough, GA

    *All prices plus government fees and taxes, any finance charges, any electronic filing charge, and any emission testing charge. The price includes a d...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    33 Combined MPG (30 City/37 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 5N1BT3BAXRC748012
    Stock: 45205
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 07-15-2025

  • Price Drop
    $23,998
    fair price
    $65 above market
    • 26,642 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 5 Seats, 30 City / 37 Hwy MPG
    • McDonough Nissan (8 mi away)
    • Home delivery*
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Upgraded Headlights
    Close

    Located in McDonough, GA / 8 miles away from McDonough, GA

    Leather, Bluetooth, Backup Camera, Sunroof, Safety Inspected, Fully detailed, 18" Aluminum Alloy Wheels, 4-Wheel Disc Brakes, 5.604 Axle Ratio, ABS br...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    33 Combined MPG (30 City/37 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 5N1BT3BA6PC822538
    Stock: PN7700
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 06-25-2025

  • Price Drop
    $20,246
    good price
    $1,833 below market
    • 43,633 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, rental vehicle
    • 5 Seats, 28 City / 35 Hwy MPG
    • Hertz Car Sales Stone Mountain (25 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Upgraded Headlights
    Close

    Located in Stone Mountain, GA / 25 miles away from McDonough, GA

    *All prices plus government fees and taxes, any finance charges, any electronic filing charge, and any emission testing charge. The price includes a d...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: Yes

    Features and Specs:

    31 Combined MPG (28 City/35 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 5N1BT3BB9PC845773
    Stock: 55191
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 06-12-2025

  • Price Drop
    $24,973
    fair price
    $478 above market
    • 28,184 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 5 Seats, 30 City / 37 Hwy MPG
    • McDonough Nissan (8 mi away)
    • Home delivery*
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Upgraded Headlights
    Close

    Located in McDonough, GA / 8 miles away from McDonough, GA

    Leather, Bluetooth, Backup Camera, Sunroof, Safety Inspected, Fully detailed, 18" Aluminum Alloy Wheels, 4-Wheel Disc Brakes, 5.604 Axle Ratio, ABS br...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    33 Combined MPG (30 City/37 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 5N1BT3BA6PC910280
    Stock: N616850A
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 06-17-2025

  • $20,989
    good price
    $1,693 below market
    • 38,575 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 5 Seats, 28 City / 35 Hwy MPG
    • Nissan South (18 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Upgraded Headlights
    • Blind Spot Monitorin...
    Close

    Located in Morrow, GA / 18 miles away from McDonough, GA

    Certified.* NISSAN CERTIFIED PRE-OWNED, * 7 YEAR / 100,000 POWERTRAIN WARRANTY, * 7 YEAR / 100,000 MILE 24 HOUR ROADSIDE ASSISTANCE COVERAGE, !! BAL...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    31 Combined MPG (28 City/35 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 5N1BT3AB8PC774681
    Stock: PC774681
    Certified Pre-Owned: Yes
    Listed since: 07-18-2025

  • $22,509
    good price
    $1,133 below market
    • 28,286 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, rental vehicle
    • 5 Seats, 30 City / 37 Hwy MPG
    • Hertz Car Sales Morrow (18 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Upgraded Headlights
    • Blind Spot Monitorin...
    Close

    Located in Morrow, GA / 18 miles away from McDonough, GA

    *All prices plus government fees and taxes, any finance charges, any electronic filing charge, and any emission testing charge. The price includes a d...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    33 Combined MPG (30 City/37 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 5N1BT3BA7RC729109
    Stock: 45023
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 05-15-2025

  • $22,613
    good price
    $1,087 below market
    • 27,449 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, rental vehicle
    • 5 Seats, 30 City / 37 Hwy MPG
    • Hertz Car Sales Morrow (18 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Upgraded Headlights
    • Blind Spot Monitorin...
    Close

    Located in Morrow, GA / 18 miles away from McDonough, GA

    *All prices plus government fees and taxes, any finance charges, any electronic filing charge, and any emission testing charge. The price includes a d...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    33 Combined MPG (30 City/37 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 5N1BT3BA5RC733840
    Stock: 45046
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 05-22-2025

  • New Listing
    $24,998
    fair price
    $15 below market
    • 12,698 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, corporate fleet vehicle
    • 5 Seats, 28 City / 35 Hwy MPG
    • CarMax Southlake (15 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Upgraded Headlights
    Close

    Located in Stockbridge, GA / 15 miles away from McDonough, GA

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    31 Combined MPG (28 City/35 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JN8BT3BB9PW180347
    Stock: 27432218
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • $23,720
    good price
    $908 below market
    • 31,501 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, rental vehicle
    • 5 Seats, 28 City / 35 Hwy MPG
    • Hertz Car Sales Morrow (18 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Upgraded Headlights
    Close

    Located in Morrow, GA / 18 miles away from McDonough, GA

    *All prices plus government fees and taxes, any finance charges, any electronic filing charge, and any emission testing charge. The price includes a d...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    31 Combined MPG (28 City/35 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 5N1BT3BB3RC758146
    Stock: 45173
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 06-30-2025

Showing 1 - 21 out of 2,359 listings

Buying a Nissan Rogue in McDonough Georgia

The Nissan Rogue is a compelling option for residents of McDonough, GA, especially given its comfortable interior and spacious cargo area suitable for family outings or trips to local parks like the Kevin H. Johnson Park. Its versatile storage space means you can easily accommodate everything from shopping trips to recreational gear when visiting nearby attractions. The intuitive technology and advanced driver aids enhance safety and convenience, which are ideal in navigating both urban environments and more rural settings.

Filters
Skip to Results

Applied Filters4Active

Select Buying Experience

Location

Search radius25 miles
Search radius

Make & Model

Year

New / Used

Price & Payments

Price Rating

Body Type

Trim

Mileage

Accidents & History

Engine & Drivetrain

Exterior Color

Interior Color

Total Seating

Edmunds Review

Features

Options & Packages

MPG

Listing Details


* Delivery of any kind does not apply to Alaska and Hawaii. Contact the dealer for delivery details, restrictions and costs.