Skip to main content
Skip to Filters
521 listings
  • $13,694
    good price
    $1,951 below market
    • 70,465 miles
    • 1 accident, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 27 City / 37 Hwy MPG
    • Driveway (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Los Angeles, CA / 1,363 miles away from Grandview, MO

    Low Mileage,Rare Find,Back-Up Camera,Blind Spot Monitor,Bluetooth,Brake Assist,Heated Seats,Keyless Start,Lane Departure Warning,Leather Seats,Navigat...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    31 Combined MPG (27 City/37 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JM1BM1M35E1170542
    Stock: E1170542T
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • Price Drop
    $20,629
    fair price
    $297 below market
    • 29,487 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use
    • 26 City / 35 Hwy MPG
    • Driveway (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Upgraded Headlights
    • Blind Spot Monitorin...
    Close

    Located in Costa Mesa, CA / 1,347 miles away from Grandview, MO

    CarFax No Accidents Reported,Low Mileage,Rare Find,Apple CarPlay,Back-Up Camera,Blind Spot Monitor,Bluetooth,Brake Assist,Heated Seats,Keyless Start,L...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    30 Combined MPG (26 City/35 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JM1BPAMMXL1159386
    Stock: L1159386D
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • New Listing
    $17,998
    good price
    $682 below market
    • 56,329 miles
    • No accidents, 4 owners, rental vehicle
    • 26 City / 35 Hwy MPG
    • CarMax (In-stock online)
    • Transfer available from NV to MO*
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Upgraded Headlights
    • Blind Spot Monitorin...
    Close

    Located in Las Vegas, NV / 1,149 miles away from Grandview, MO

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    30 Combined MPG (26 City/35 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JM1BPAMM6K1141465
    Stock: 27263046
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • New Listing
    $18,900
    fair price
    $312 below market
    • 41,944 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 26 City / 34 Hwy MPG
    • Jack Miller Auto Plaza, LLC (19 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Upgraded Headlights
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • USB Inputs
    Close

    Located in North Kansas City, MO / 19 miles away from Grandview, MO

    Boasts 34 Highway MPG and 26 City MPG! This Mazda Mazda3 Hatchback boasts a Regular Unleaded I-4 2.5 L/152 engine powering this Automatic transmission...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    29 Combined MPG (26 City/34 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JM1BPAJL6N1516075
    Stock: 8571
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 03-26-2025

  • Advertisement

    Special offers available

    2025 Mazda3 Hatchback
    • 7 Trims
    View Offers 
    MSRP excludes tax, title, license fees and $1,185 destination charge (Alaska $1,230). Vehicle shown may be priced higher. Actual dealer price will vary. See dealer for complete details.
  • New Listing
    $22,890
    good price
    $990 below market
    • 38,355 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use only
    • 26 City / 35 Hwy MPG
    • Greenway Ford (8 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Raytown, MO / 8 miles away from Grandview, MO

    2023 Mazda Mazda3 2.5 S Carbon Edition 12 Speakers, AppLink/Apple CarPlay and Android Auto, Bumpers: body-color, Dual front side impact airbags, Front...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    30 Combined MPG (26 City/35 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 3MZBPBCM1PM360171
    Stock: PM360171
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 06-24-2025

  • $18,999
    good price
    $602 below market
    • 65,965 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, rental vehicle
    • 25 City / 33 Hwy MPG
    • Enterprise Car Sales (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in San Leandro, CA / 1,495 miles away from Grandview, MO

    Transfer of vehicle from another location to your neighborhood Enterprise Car Sales may require payment of a non-refundable transfer fee to begin the ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    28 Combined MPG (25 City/33 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 3MZBPBCL7NM308452
    Stock: 8DJ3XV
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 06-02-2025

  • $19,499
    fair price
    $494 below market
    • 51,968 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, rental vehicle
    • 28 City / 37 Hwy MPG
    • Enterprise Car Sales (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Upgraded Headlights
    Close

    Located in North Charleston, SC / 906 miles away from Grandview, MO

    Transfer of vehicle from another location to your neighborhood Enterprise Car Sales may require payment of a non-refundable transfer fee to begin the ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    31 Combined MPG (28 City/37 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 3MZBPABM5PM358662
    Stock: 7WF91T
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 05-15-2025

  • Price Drop
    $23,490
    good price
    $1,898 below market
    • 20,121 miles
    • 1 accident, 1 owner, personal use
    • 26 City / 36 Hwy MPG, Manual
    • Driveway (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Wesley Chapel, FL / 1,018 miles away from Grandview, MO

    CarFax 1-Owner,Rare Find,Apple CarPlay,Back-Up Camera,Blind Spot Monitor,Bluetooth,Brake Assist,Heated Seats,Keyless Start,Lane Keeping Assist,Leather...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    30 Combined MPG (26 City/36 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JM1BPAMM4R1700859
    Stock: M700859A
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • Advertisement

    Special offers available

    2025 Mazda3 Hatchback
    • 7 Trims
    View Offers 
    MSRP excludes tax, title, license fees and $1,185 destination charge (Alaska $1,230). Vehicle shown may be priced higher. Actual dealer price will vary. See dealer for complete details.
  • New Listing
    $5,950
    fair price
    $764 below market
    • 130,000 miles
    • 1 accident, 7 owners, personal use only
    • 24 City / 33 Hwy MPG
    • KCMO Automotive (4 mi away)
    • Bluetooth
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • Rear Bench Seats
    • Stability Control
    • Aux Audio Inputs
    Close

    Located in Belton, MO / 4 miles away from Grandview, MO

    2010 Mazda MAZDA3 i Sport 2.0L w/ 130k miles. - 24 / 33 MPG - Single Zone Climate Control w/ Second Row Vents - Steering Wheel Mounted Audio and Cruis...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    27 Combined MPG (24 City/33 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JM1BL1SF3A1219800
    Stock: 219800
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 07-01-2025

  • $20,198
    fair price
    $314 above market
    • 51,231 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, rental vehicle
    • 28 City / 37 Hwy MPG
    • Enterprise Car Sales (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Upgraded Headlights
    Close

    Located in Indianapolis, IN / 457 miles away from Grandview, MO

    Transfer of vehicle from another location to your neighborhood Enterprise Car Sales may require payment of a non-refundable transfer fee to begin the ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    31 Combined MPG (28 City/37 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 3MZBPABM7PM361417
    Stock: 7W07YH
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 04-23-2025

  • $18,999
    good price
    $570 below market
    • 56,599 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, rental vehicle
    • 28 City / 37 Hwy MPG
    • Enterprise Car Sales (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Upgraded Headlights
    Close

    Located in Tucson, AZ / 1,028 miles away from Grandview, MO

    Transfer of vehicle from another location to your neighborhood Enterprise Car Sales may require payment of a non-refundable transfer fee to begin the ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    31 Combined MPG (28 City/37 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 3MZBPABM4PM361522
    Stock: 7W80TS
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 04-24-2025

  • $16,998
    fair price
    $244 below market
    • 101,440 miles
    • No accidents, 3 owners, personal use only
    • 26 City / 35 Hwy MPG
    • CarMax (In-stock online)
    • Transfer available from NV to MO*
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in Las Vegas, NV / 1,149 miles away from Grandview, MO

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    30 Combined MPG (26 City/35 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JM1BPANM7K1116007
    Stock: 27263608
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • Advertisement

    Special offers available

    2025 Mazda3 Hatchback
    • 7 Trims
    View Offers 
    MSRP excludes tax, title, license fees and $1,185 destination charge (Alaska $1,230). Vehicle shown may be priced higher. Actual dealer price will vary. See dealer for complete details.
  • New Listing
    $24,998
    good price
    $801 below market
    • 35,420 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use
    • 26 City / 33 Hwy MPG
    • CarMax (In-stock online)
    • Transfer available from GA to MO*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    Close

    Located in Stockbridge, GA / 678 miles away from Grandview, MO

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    29 Combined MPG (26 City/33 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JM1BPBMM1P1603797
    Stock: 27688033
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • New Listing
    $19,999
    fair price
    $115 above market
    • 45,949 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, rental vehicle
    • 28 City / 37 Hwy MPG
    • Enterprise Car Sales (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Upgraded Headlights
    Close

    Located in Oklahoma City, OK / 280 miles away from Grandview, MO

    Transfer of vehicle from another location to your neighborhood Enterprise Car Sales may require payment of a non-refundable transfer fee to begin the ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    31 Combined MPG (28 City/37 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 3MZBPABM5PM359780
    Stock: 7W05CT
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 06-23-2025

  • New Listing
    $19,999
    fair price
    $17 above market
    • 49,549 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, rental vehicle
    • 28 City / 37 Hwy MPG
    • Enterprise Car Sales (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Upgraded Headlights
    Close

    Located in Oklahoma City, OK / 280 miles away from Grandview, MO

    Transfer of vehicle from another location to your neighborhood Enterprise Car Sales may require payment of a non-refundable transfer fee to begin the ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    31 Combined MPG (28 City/37 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 3MZBPABMXPM360925
    Stock: 7W17NH
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 07-07-2025

  • Price Drop
    $18,999
    good price
    $956 below market
    • 49,990 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, rental vehicle
    • 28 City / 37 Hwy MPG
    • Enterprise Car Sales (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Upgraded Headlights
    Close

    Located in Rochester, NY / 925 miles away from Grandview, MO

    Transfer of vehicle from another location to your neighborhood Enterprise Car Sales may require payment of a non-refundable transfer fee to begin the ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    31 Combined MPG (28 City/37 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 3MZBPABM1PM357962
    Stock: 7WCJ41
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 04-23-2025

  • Advertisement

    Special offers available

    2025 Mazda3 Hatchback
    • 7 Trims
    View Offers 
    MSRP excludes tax, title, license fees and $1,185 destination charge (Alaska $1,230). Vehicle shown may be priced higher. Actual dealer price will vary. See dealer for complete details.
  • Price Drop
    $24,998
    fair price
    $502 below market
    • 32,570 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 26 City / 33 Hwy MPG
    • CarMax (In-stock online)
    • Transfer available from CA to MO*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    Close

    Located in Duarte, CA / 1,339 miles away from Grandview, MO

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: Yes

    Features and Specs:

    29 Combined MPG (26 City/33 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JM1BPBMM1P1619191
    Stock: 27593030
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • New Listing
    • 60,394 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 28 City / 37 Hwy MPG
    • Enterprise Car Sales (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Upgraded Headlights
    Close

    Located in Stockton, CA / 1,444 miles away from Grandview, MO

    Transfer of vehicle from another location to your neighborhood Enterprise Car Sales may require payment of a non-refundable transfer fee to begin the ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    31 Combined MPG (28 City/37 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 3MZBPABM2PM361342
    Stock: 7W57SS
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 06-26-2025

  • $19,498
    fair price
    • 57,481 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, rental vehicle
    • 28 City / 37 Hwy MPG
    • Enterprise Car Sales (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Upgraded Headlights
    Close

    Located in Austin, TX / 626 miles away from Grandview, MO

    Transfer of vehicle from another location to your neighborhood Enterprise Car Sales may require payment of a non-refundable transfer fee to begin the ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    31 Combined MPG (28 City/37 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 3MZBPABMXPM358785
    Stock: 7WCB41
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 05-14-2025

  • $19,999
    fair price
    $335 below market
    • 58,783 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 26 City / 36 Hwy MPG
    • Enterprise Car Sales (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in Baton Rouge, LA / 619 miles away from Grandview, MO

    Transfer of vehicle from another location to your neighborhood Enterprise Car Sales may require payment of a non-refundable transfer fee to begin the ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    30 Combined MPG (26 City/36 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JM1BPALM2P1610821
    Stock: 7VS3L4
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 06-25-2025

  • Price Drop
    $19,299
    fair price
    $21 above market
    • 56,488 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, rental vehicle
    • 28 City / 37 Hwy MPG
    • Enterprise Car Sales (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Upgraded Headlights
    Close

    Located in Pelham, AL / 577 miles away from Grandview, MO

    Transfer of vehicle from another location to your neighborhood Enterprise Car Sales may require payment of a non-refundable transfer fee to begin the ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    31 Combined MPG (28 City/37 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 3MZBPABM2PM358215
    Stock: 7W04F3
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 04-22-2025

Showing 43 - 63 out of 521 listings
Filters
Skip to Results

Applied Filters4Active

Select Buying Experience

Location

Search radius50 miles
Search radius

Make & Model

Year

New / Used

Price & Payments

Price Rating

Body Type

Trim

Mileage

Accidents & History

Engine & Drivetrain

Exterior Color

Interior Color

Total Seating

Edmunds Review

Features

Options & Packages

MPG

Listing Details


* Delivery of any kind does not apply to Alaska and Hawaii. Contact the dealer for delivery details, restrictions and costs.