Skip to main content
Skip to Filters
604 listings

Save with BMW 5 Series rebates
Check your savings potential before you buy

    • 35,830 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 25 City / 33 Hwy MPG
    • CarMax Texas Stadium (Irving) (23 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in Irving, TX / 23 miles away from Fort Worth, TX

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: Yes

    Features and Specs:

    28 Combined MPG (25 City/33 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WBA53BH09MCF37953
    Stock: 27495042
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

    • 48,045 miles
    • No accidents, 4 owners, personal use
    • 23 City / 32 Hwy MPG
    • BMW of Dallas (28 mi away)
    • Home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Dallas, TX / 28 miles away from Fort Worth, TX

    Convenience PackageSun/MoonroofNavigation SystemHeated Steering WheelSpace-Saver SpareLane Keeping AssistKeyless StartAlpine WhiteCognac; Perf...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    27 Combined MPG (23 City/32 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WBA13BJ00MWW90595
    Stock: MWW90595
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 07-07-2025

    • 49,276 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use only
    • 25 City / 33 Hwy MPG
    • BMW of Dallas (28 mi away)
    • Home delivery*
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in Dallas, TX / 28 miles away from Fort Worth, TX

    Convenience PackageWheels: 19" X 8" W-Spoke Bi-ColorDark Graphite MetallicSun/MoonroofNavigation SystemLane Keeping AssistKeyless StartBlack; P...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    28 Combined MPG (25 City/33 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WBA53BH08MWW90979
    Stock: MWW90979
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 06-10-2025

  • New Listing
    • 67,456 miles
    • 1 accident, 2 owners, personal use
    • 25 City / 33 Hwy MPG
    • BMW of Dallas (28 mi away)
    • Home delivery*
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in Dallas, TX / 28 miles away from Fort Worth, TX

    Premium PackageDriving Assistance Plus PackageWheels: 19" X 8" W-Spoke Bi-ColorBlack Sapphire MetallicSun/MoonroofNavigation SystemHeated Steeri...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    28 Combined MPG (25 City/33 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WBA53BH0XMWX14912
    Stock: MWX14912
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 08-02-2025

  • $16,991
    great price
    • 98,143 miles
    • 1 accident, 2 owners, personal use only
    • 25 City / 33 Hwy MPG
    • AutoNation USA Plano (35 mi away)
    • Five Star Dealer
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in Plano, TX / 35 miles away from Fort Worth, TX

    M Sport PackagePremium PackageCognac; Dakota Leather UpholsteryHarman/Kardon Surround Sound SystemMulti-Contour SeatsParking Assistance PackageD...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    28 Combined MPG (25 City/33 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WBAJR3C09LWW81376
    Stock: LWW81376
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 06-17-2025

    • 55,137 miles
    • 1 accident, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 18 mi est. electric range
    • 22 City / 28 Hwy MPG
    • Carvana - Dallas (30 mi away)
    • Home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Dallas, TX / 30 miles away from Fort Worth, TX

    At Carvana, we go miles beyond the extra mile. That's why we provide you with a convenient, fast, and hassle-free car buying experience that puts you ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    25 Combined MPG (22 City/28 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WBA33AG01MCG90135
    Stock: 2003803149
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 06-21-2025

    • 43,680 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 25 City / 33 Hwy MPG
    • Auto Web Expo (35 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in Plano, TX / 35 miles away from Fort Worth, TX

    Priced below KBB Fair Purchase Price! Connected Package Pro, Enhanced USB & Bluetooth (ZEB), Gesture Control, harman/kardon Surround Sound System, Hea...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    28 Combined MPG (25 City/33 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WBA53BH01MCF29961
    Stock: PF29961
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 05-01-2025

    • 114,036 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use only
    • 25 City / 33 Hwy MPG
    • My Dream Car Garage (25 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in Dallas, TX / 25 miles away from Fort Worth, TX

    2021 BMW 5 Series | Stock?#?WH00043At My Dream Car Garage, we present vehicles that blend executive elegance with everyday luxury. This 2021 BMW 5 Ser...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    28 Combined MPG (25 City/33 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WBA53BH09MWW97231
    Stock: WH00043
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

    • 34,297 miles
    • 1 accident, 2 owners, personal use
    • 23 City / 31 Hwy MPG
    • Carvana - Dallas (30 mi away)
    • Home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Dallas, TX / 30 miles away from Fort Worth, TX

    At Carvana, we go miles beyond the extra mile. That's why we provide you with a convenient, fast, and hassle-free car buying experience that puts you ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    26 Combined MPG (23 City/31 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WBA73BJ04MWX37850
    Stock: 2003881908
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 07-12-2025

  • $28,180
    great price
    • 40,294 miles
    • 1 accident, 1 owner, personal use
    • 25 City / 33 Hwy MPG
    • Autos of Dallas - Plano (34 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in Plano, TX / 34 miles away from Fort Worth, TX

    Sport Line, Premium Pkg, Navigation, Back-Up Camera, Sun Roof, Heated Seats, Parktronic, Keyless Go, 18" Wheels, Blind Spot Monitor, Heads-Up Display,...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    28 Combined MPG (25 City/33 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WBA53BH05NWX76526
    Stock: X76526
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 11-25-2024

  • New Listing
    $30,897
    great price
    • 36,600 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use
    • 25 City / 33 Hwy MPG
    • EchoPark Automotive Dallas (Grand Prairie) (16 mi away)
    • Five Star Dealer
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in Grand Prairie, TX / 16 miles away from Fort Worth, TX

    At EchoPark, it’s all about offering you options for a happy experience. We have thousands of new-to-you makes and models that range from sedans to tr...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    28 Combined MPG (25 City/33 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WBA53BH02NCK88863
    Stock: PNCK88863
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 07-22-2025

    • 17,284 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use
    • 25 City / 33 Hwy MPG
    • Autobahn BMW (4 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in Fort Worth, TX / 4 miles away from Fort Worth, TX

    Certified. Bernina Gray Amber Effect Metallic 2022 BMW 5 Series 530i H/K Sound + Heated Wheel RWD 8-Speed Automatic Sport CARFAX One-Owner. Clean CARF...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    28 Combined MPG (25 City/33 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WBA53BH08NCL01924
    Stock: S9058844A
    Certified Pre-Owned: Yes
    Listed since: 06-28-2025

    • 22,795 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use
    • 23 City / 32 Hwy MPG
    • Go Luxury Auto Group (28 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Dallas, TX / 28 miles away from Fort Worth, TX

    Priced below KBB Fair Purchase Price! Odometer is 15164 miles below market average!Clean CARFAX. CARFAX One-Owner.2022 BMW 5 Series 530i xDrive AWD...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    26 Combined MPG (23 City/32 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WBA13BJ0XNCJ41473
    Stock: A41473
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 05-28-2025

    • 34,179 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use
    • 25 City / 32 Hwy MPG
    • BMW of Dallas (28 mi away)
    • Home delivery*
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in Dallas, TX / 28 miles away from Fort Worth, TX

    M Sport PackageConvenience PackageBlack Sapphire MetallicSun/MoonroofHeated Front SeatsNavigation SystemRemote Engine StartLane Keeping Assist...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    27 Combined MPG (25 City/32 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WBA53BJ01NWX46675
    Stock: NWX46675
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 06-23-2025

    • 17,042 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use
    • 21 mi est. electric range
    • 24 City / 29 Hwy MPG
    • Go Luxury Auto Group (28 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in Dallas, TX / 28 miles away from Fort Worth, TX

    Odometer is 8528 miles below market average!Clean CARFAX. CARFAX One-Owner.2022 BMW 5 Series 530e iPerformance RWD 4D Sedan 2.0L 4-Cylinder Dark Gr...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    26 Combined MPG (24 City/29 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WBA13AG0XNCK18666
    Stock: A18666
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 07-03-2025

    • 30,044 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, rental vehicle
    • 25 City / 33 Hwy MPG
    • Moritz Kia Hurst (6 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in Hurst, TX / 6 miles away from Fort Worth, TX

    2022 BMW 5 SERIES 530i!!! 530i, 4D Sedan, Black Artificial Leather. Clean CARFAX.Black Sapphire Metallic 2022 BMW 5 Series 530i RWD 8-Speed Automati...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    28 Combined MPG (25 City/33 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WBA53BH04NWX75688
    Stock: A7332
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 07-19-2025

    • 21,288 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use
    • 25 City / 33 Hwy MPG
    • Go Luxury Auto Group (28 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in Dallas, TX / 28 miles away from Fort Worth, TX

    Recent Arrival!Odometer is 7029 miles below market average!Clean CARFAX. CARFAX One-Owner.2022 BMW 5 Series 530i RWD 4D Sedan 2.0L 4-Cylinder Blac...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    28 Combined MPG (25 City/33 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WBA53BH06NWX72176
    Stock: A72176
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 07-28-2025

    • 31,145 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use
    • 25 City / 33 Hwy MPG
    • United Auto Group (30 mi away)
    • Home delivery*
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in Carrollton, TX / 30 miles away from Fort Worth, TX

    Get ready to embark on the road trip of a lifetime in this sleek and stylish Gray 2022 BMW 5 Series! This beauty packs a punch with its 2.0L 4 Cylinde...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    28 Combined MPG (25 City/33 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WBA53BH00NCJ34474
    Stock: 5683
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

    • 27,932 miles
    • 1 accident, 1 owner, personal use
    • 25 City / 33 Hwy MPG
    • Otto Source (26 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in Dallas, TX / 26 miles away from Fort Worth, TX

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    28 Combined MPG (25 City/33 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WBA53BH0XNWX53114
    Stock: OSC7354
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 04-07-2025

    • 40,486 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 25 City / 32 Hwy MPG
    • Driveway (41 mi away)
    • Home delivery*
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in Frisco, TX / 41 miles away from Fort Worth, TX

    Rare Find,Apple CarPlay,Back-Up Camera,Blind Spot Monitor,Bluetooth,Brake Assist,Heated Steering Wheel,Keyless Start,Lane Keeping Assist,Navigation Sy...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    27 Combined MPG (25 City/32 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WBA53BJ02NWX55689
    Stock: NW556889A
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

    • 12,942 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use
    • 21 mi est. electric range
    • 24 City / 29 Hwy MPG
    • Auto Web Expo (35 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in Plano, TX / 35 miles away from Fort Worth, TX

    Priced below KBB Fair Purchase Price! CARFAX One-Owner. Connected Package Pro, Convenience Package, Heated Front Seats, Navigation System, Power Tailg...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    26 Combined MPG (24 City/29 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WBA13AG04NCK75638
    Stock: PK75638
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 06-17-2025

Showing 1 - 21 out of 604 listings

Consumer Reviews for the BMW 5 Series

Read recent reviews for the BMW 5 Series
Overall Consumer Rating
4.7 out of 5 stars27 Reviews
Write a vehicle reviewSee all 27 reviews
  • 5 star
    (81%)
  • 4 star
    (15%)
  • 3 star
    (0%)
  • 2 star
    (0%)
  • 1 star
    (4%)
5 out of 5 stars

Amazing Quality and Powertrain

Jeff, 03/22/2021
2021 BMW 5 Series 540i 4dr Sedan (3.0L 6cyl Turbo gas/electric mild hybrid 8A)
Definitely not a sporty car. If you want that, get a 3-series. That's not to say you can't have fun it it, it has a lot of power and has a great engine. But it is first and foremost a luxury cruiser geared towards comfort. If that is what you are looking for, this is the best in the business.
Report abuse

Used 2021 BMW 5 Series in Fort Worth, TX Values

Estimated values
2021 BMW 5 Series 530i 4dr Sedan (2.0L 4cyl Turbo 8A) with no options
ConditionTrade-InPrivate PartyDealer Retail
Outstanding$24,349$26,628$28,927
Clean$23,833$26,017$28,213
Average$22,973$24,999$27,023
Rough$21,855$23,675$25,476

The average list price of a used 2021 BMW 5 Series in Fort Worth, Texas is $32,741. The average mileage on a used BMW 5 Series 2021 for sale in Fort Worth, Texas is 41,806. Based on the average mileage of 41,806 for used 2021 BMW 5 Series for sale in Fort Worth, TX and using an average vehicle condition rating, which means the vehicle may have a few mechanical and/or cosmetic problems and may require a considerable amount of reconditioning, we appraise the average trade-in value of a used BMW 5 Series 2021 in Fort Worth, Texas to be $22,973.

Filters
Skip to Results

Applied Filters4Active

Select Buying Experience

Location

Search radius100 miles
Search radius

Make & Model

Year

New / Used

Price & Payments

Price Rating

Trim

Mileage

Accidents & History

EV Details

Engine & Drivetrain

Exterior Color

Interior Color

Total Seating

Edmunds Review

Features

Options & Packages

MPG

Listing Details


* Delivery of any kind does not apply to Alaska and Hawaii. Contact the dealer for delivery details, restrictions and costs.