Skip to main content
Skip to Filters
1,659 listings
  • Stock photo**
    • 14,149 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 7 Seats, 14 City / 18 Hwy MPG
    • Ed Morse Cadillac Tampa (283 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Tampa, FL / 283 miles away from Savannah, GA

    Black Raven 2024 Cadillac Escalade Premium Luxury 4D Sport Utility 6.2L V8 AWD Clean CARFAX. **GREAT FINANCE OPTIONS AVAILABLE, **TRADES WELCOME, **CO...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    16 Combined MPG (14 City/18 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1GYS4BKLXRR156811
    Stock: R266570A
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 06-12-2025

    • 27,599 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use
    • 7 Seats, 14 City / 19 Hwy MPG
    • Aston Martin Nashville (428 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Brentwood, TN / 428 miles away from Savannah, GA

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    16 Combined MPG (14 City/19 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1GYS4DKL9NR304873
    Stock: P304873
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 05-07-2025

    • 37,654 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use only
    • 7 Seats, 14 City / 19 Hwy MPG
    • Hardee Auto Sales (174 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    Close

    Located in Conway, SC / 174 miles away from Savannah, GA

    Delivers 19 Highway MPG and 14 City MPG! This Cadillac Escalade boasts a Gas V8 6.2L/375 engine powering this Automatic transmission. TRANSMISSION, 10...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    16 Combined MPG (14 City/19 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1GYS4GKLXNR177066
    Stock: 250563
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 05-12-2025

  • Price Drop
    • 72,459 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 7 Seats, 14 City / 19 Hwy MPG
    • Baker Cadillac Charleston (84 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Charleston, SC / 84 miles away from Savannah, GA

    Recent Arrival. Clean CARFAX.2022 Cadillac Escalade Premium Luxury The Ultimate Expression of Power and PrestigeLuxury has a new benchmark and its nam...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    16 Combined MPG (14 City/19 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1GYS4BKL4NR339583
    Stock: C3922A
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 04-22-2025

    • 28,818 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, rental vehicle
    • 7 Seats, 14 City / 18 Hwy MPG
    • Ed Morse Cadillac of Delray (384 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Delray Beach, FL / 384 miles away from Savannah, GA

    Recent Arrival! 2024 Cadillac Escalade Sport Black RavenJoin the 1.75 Million Customers and Counting ED MORSE 75 YEARS OF EXCELLENCE!Equipped with Pre...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    16 Combined MPG (14 City/18 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1GYS4EKL7RR235919
    Stock: DU4398
    Certified Pre-Owned: Yes
    Listed since: 06-19-2025

    • 137,770 miles
    • No accidents, 3 owners, rental vehicle
    • 7 Seats, 14 City / 23 Hwy MPG
    • Big Time Auto Sales (404 mi away)
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in North Lauderdale, FL / 404 miles away from Savannah, GA

    Non-smoker owner, Vehicle Runs Well, Smooth ride, Regularly maintained, Arctic cold a/c, Must test drive, Great first ride, Primarily highway mile...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    17 Combined MPG (14 City/23 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1GYS3BKJ1JR349015
    Stock: 349015
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 08-09-2024

  • Price Drop
    • 41,248 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use
    • 8 Seats, 14 City / 19 Hwy MPG
    • Jeff Gordon Chevrolet (243 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    Close

    Located in Wilmington, NC / 243 miles away from Savannah, GA

    PRICED TO MOVE! This Escalade is $1,700 below Kelley Blue Book! Hendrick Certified, Excellent Condition, CARFAX 1-Owner, LOW MILES - 41,248! $1,700 be...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    16 Combined MPG (14 City/19 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1GYS4GKL4NR241876
    Stock: P43473
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 05-15-2025

  • New Listing
    • 128,642 miles
    • No accidents, 5 owners, corporate fleet vehicle
    • 7 Seats, 14 City / 21 Hwy MPG
    • Haskins Automotive (339 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Blairs, VA / 339 miles away from Savannah, GA

    2018 Cadillac Escalade Luxury Sport Utility 4DVIN: 1GYS4BKJ2JR343771128,642 milesV8, 6.2 LiterAuto 10-Spd w/Overdrive 4WD*LOCAL CONSIGNMENT*SUPER CLEA...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    17 Combined MPG (14 City/21 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1GYS4BKJ2JR343771
    Stock: 343771
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 06-26-2025

    • 51,622 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use only
    • 7 Seats, 14 City / 21 Hwy MPG
    • American Performance Motorsports (222 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Sanford, FL / 222 miles away from Savannah, GA

    2018 Cadillac Escalade Premium Luxury pac 4x4 with 50k miles. Freshly Fully built 416 stroker with a Magnuson Supercharger. JE forged piston, H beam r...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    17 Combined MPG (14 City/21 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1GYS4CKJ6JR234218
    Stock: 234218
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 03-19-2025

  • Price Drop
    • 47,933 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use only
    • 7 Seats, 14 City / 19 Hwy MPG
    • Five Brothers Auto Sales (235 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Roswell, GA / 235 miles away from Savannah, GA

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    16 Combined MPG (14 City/19 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1GYS4GKL1NR239535
    Stock: 239535
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

    • 48,767 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, corporate fleet vehicle
    • 7 Seats, 14 City / 19 Hwy MPG
    • Carolina Auto Direct (242 mi away)
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in Lincolnton, NC / 242 miles away from Savannah, GA

    HIGHLIGHTED FEATURESZ Night Vision: $2,000 Power Retractable With Perimeter Lighting Assist Steps: $1,750 Console Refrigerator With Freezer: $700 Wild...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    16 Combined MPG (14 City/19 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1GYS3DKL9NR305749
    Stock: P2667
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 05-21-2025

  • New Listing
    Stock photo**
    • 18,389 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use only
    • 7 Seats, 14 City / 18 Hwy MPG
    • Classic Cadillac (233 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Atlanta, GA / 233 miles away from Savannah, GA

    Vehicle DetailsExperience unmatched luxury and performance with this 2024 Cadillac Escalade 4WD Sport. With a mere 18,389 miles on the odomete...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    16 Combined MPG (14 City/18 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1GYS4EKL3RR163665
    Stock: S29122A
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 06-28-2025

    • 74,387 miles
    • No accidents, 3 owners, personal use
    • 7 Seats, 14 City / 21 Hwy MPG
    • Auto Network of Wilmington (244 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Wilmington, NC / 244 miles away from Savannah, GA

    ANOTHER CLEAN CARFAX WELL MAINTAINED FULL SIZE 4X4 LUXURY SUV !!! The 2018 Cadillac Escalade Luxury is a full-size luxury SUV that combines robust p...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    17 Combined MPG (14 City/21 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1GYS4BKJ5JR222765
    Stock: AW-1759
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 04-10-2025

    • 37,856 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 7 Seats, 14 City / 19 Hwy MPG
    • Bomnin Cadillac Homestead (453 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Homestead, FL / 453 miles away from Savannah, GA

    CARFAX One-Owner. Priced below KBB Fair Purchase Price! Odometer is 6173 miles below market average! 2022 Cadillac Escalade in Black Raven vehicle, **...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    16 Combined MPG (14 City/19 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1GYS4EKL9NR129966
    Stock: R206997A
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 04-27-2025

  • Price Drop
    • 65,431 miles
    • No accidents, 3 owners, personal use
    • 7 Seats, 14 City / 23 Hwy MPG
    • Universal Auto Sales of Plant City (282 mi away)
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Third-row seating
    Close

    Located in Plant City, FL / 282 miles away from Savannah, GA

    Come see us and we will make it happen for you!!!

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    17 Combined MPG (14 City/23 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1GYS3AKJ7JR359171
    Stock: 359171
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 06-05-2025

    • 43,665 miles
    • No accidents, 3 owners, personal use
    • 7 Seats, 14 City / 19 Hwy MPG
    • Bachman Bernard Cadillac (305 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Greeneville, TN / 305 miles away from Savannah, GA

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    16 Combined MPG (14 City/19 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1GYS4GKL8NR295214
    Stock: 295214U
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 03-22-2025

  • Price Drop
    • 25,115 miles
    • 1 accident, 1 owner, personal use
    • 7 Seats, 14 City / 18 Hwy MPG
    • Herlong Ford (132 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Edgefield, SC / 132 miles away from Savannah, GA

    Cadillac Escalade Premium Luxury 6.2L V8 10-Speed AutomaticAWD, Parchment With Jet Black Accents Leather, 16.9" Diagonal OLED Infotainment Screen, 2-...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    16 Combined MPG (14 City/18 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1GYS4BKL7RR122857
    Stock: 5379U
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 03-12-2025

  • $76,988
    great price
    $7,300 below market
    • 3,544 miles
    • 1 accident, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 7 Seats, 14 City / 18 Hwy MPG
    • Jake Sweeney Express (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Cincinnati, OH / 538 miles away from Savannah, GA

    Jake Sweeney Is Here to Help! If you are in need of a new or used vehicle, we are offering you the ability to shop online and have your vehicle delive...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    16 Combined MPG (14 City/18 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1GYS4BKL8PR362013
    Stock: G18292
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 04-24-2025

    • 40,807 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use
    • 7 Seats, 14 City / 19 Hwy MPG
    • Delray Auto Mall (385 mi away)
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in Delray Beach, FL / 385 miles away from Savannah, GA

    Keyless-Go. Bose Sound System. Bluetooth Audio Streaming. Side Blind Zone Alert with Lane Change Alert. Front and Rear Park Assist. Forward Collision ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    16 Combined MPG (14 City/19 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1GYS3GKL4NR162887
    Stock: 162887
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 05-20-2024

  • New Listing
    • 113,195 miles
    • Issue reported, 4 owners, personal use
    • 7 Seats, 15 City / 21 Hwy MPG
    • Tom Gibbs Chevrolet (174 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Palm Coast, FL / 174 miles away from Savannah, GA

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Issue reported

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    17 Combined MPG (15 City/21 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1GYS4CKJ1GR148291
    Stock: 25540B
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 06-24-2025

    • 48,526 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use
    • 8 Seats, 14 City / 21 Hwy MPG
    • Lorenzo Ford (452 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Homestead, FL / 452 miles away from Savannah, GA

    ONE OWNER! LUXURY 4WD FULLY LOADED! GREAT DEAL! NAVIGATION SYSTEM,LEATHER SEATS,SUNROOF,BOSE PREMIUM SOUND SYSTEM,REAR SEAT MEDIA SYSTEM,PREMIUM WHEEL...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    17 Combined MPG (14 City/21 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1GYS4BKJ0JR181235
    Stock: PF1683
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 01-30-2025

Showing 778 - 798 out of 1,659 listings

Consumer Reviews for the Cadillac Escalade

Read recent reviews for the Cadillac Escalade
Overall Consumer Rating
3.9 out of 5 stars44 Reviews
Write a vehicle reviewSee all 44 reviews
  • 5 star
    (59%)
  • 4 star
    (14%)
  • 3 star
    (5%)
  • 2 star
    (5%)
  • 1 star
    (18%)
1 out of 5 stars

POS

Wade Edington, 11/03/2019
2017 Cadillac Escalade Premium Luxury 4dr SUV 4WD (6.2L 8cyl 8A)
I’ve had my 2017 CPO Escalade a little over a year now and it has been in the shop numerous times for various things for a total of almost 2 months. So far the transmission completely died (on day 1 of ownership, I didn’t even make it home from the dealer), the motor mounts had to be replaced, I continue to have transmission shift problems (but according to the dealer, they are 100% … normal), brake problems, electrical problems, various rattles and squeaks, the front end collision prevention system no longer functions. I like the car but wish they would just give me a different one, mine is cursed.
Report abuse

Used 2024 Cadillac Escalade in Savannah, GA Values

Estimated values
2024 Cadillac Escalade Premium Luxury 4dr SUV 4WD (6.2L 8cyl 10A) with no options
ConditionTrade-InPrivate PartyDealer Retail
Outstanding$61,388$63,571$66,216
Clean$60,811$62,914$65,468
Average$59,850$61,818$64,222
Rough$58,599$60,392$62,603

The average list price of a used 2024 Cadillac Escalade in Savannah, Georgia is $62,425. The average mileage on a used Cadillac Escalade 2024 for sale in Savannah, Georgia is 52,742. Based on the average mileage of 52,742 for used 2024 Cadillac Escalade for sale in Savannah, GA and using an average vehicle condition rating, which means the vehicle may have a few mechanical and/or cosmetic problems and may require a considerable amount of reconditioning, we appraise the average trade-in value of a used Cadillac Escalade 2024 in Savannah, Georgia to be $59,850.

Filters
Skip to Results

Applied Filters4Active

Select Buying Experience

Location

Search radius500 miles
Search radius

Make & Model

Year

New / Used

Price & Payments

Price Rating

Body Type

Trim

Mileage

Accidents & History

Engine & Drivetrain

Exterior Color

Interior Color

Total Seating

Edmunds Review

Features

Options & Packages

MPG

Listing Details


* Delivery of any kind does not apply to Alaska and Hawaii. Contact the dealer for delivery details, restrictions and costs.