Used 2016 Mazda CX-9 for Sale in Columbus, GA
Describe what you’re looking for
BETA
Skip to FiltersReport abuse
886 listings
- New Listing
$16,858fair price$566 below market93,434 milesNo accidents, 4 Owners, Corporate fleet vehicle4cyl AutomaticJeff Wyler Toyota of Clarksville (406 mi away)- AWD/4WD
- Back-up camera
- Bluetooth
- Navigation
- Leather Seats
Close
Located in Clarksville, IN / 406 miles away from Columbus, GA
Recent Arrival! AWD. Odometer is 2871 miles below market average! 21/27 City/Highway MPG Clean CARFAX. Ask about available certifications.
AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary
Accident Free Vehicle: Yes
Personal Use Only: No
History Provider: AutoCheck
Title Details: Clean Title
Salvage Vehicle: No
Frame Damage: No
Theft History: No
Lemon Status: No
Free History Report: No
Features and Specs:
23 Combined MPG (21 City/27 Highway)
Listing Information:
VIN: JM3TCBDYXG0122978
Stock: 31T13959
Certified Pre-Owned: No
Listed since: 05-04-2024 - New Listing
$14,335fair price$342 below market115,242 miles1 Accident, 2 Owners, Personal use4cyl AutomaticTroncalli Chrysler Jeep Dodge Ram (127 mi away)- Back-up camera
- Bluetooth
- Leather Seats
- Keyless Entry/Start
- Third-row seating
Close
Located in Cumming, GA / 127 miles away from Columbus, GA
2016 Mazda CX-9 Touring ** Bluetooth, ** Backup Camera, 3rd row seats: bench, 4-Wheel Disc Brakes, 6 Speakers, ABS brakes, Aha Internet Radio, Air Con...
AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary
Accident Free Vehicle: No
Personal Use Only: Yes
History Provider: AutoCheck
Title Details: Clean Title
Salvage Vehicle: No
Frame Damage: No
Theft History: No
Lemon Status: No
Free History Report: No
Features and Specs:
25 Combined MPG (22 City/28 Highway)
Listing Information:
VIN: JM3TCACYXG0125665
Stock: L1203C
Certified Pre-Owned: No
Listed since: 05-01-2024 
$14,245fair price$223 below market157,380 miles1 Accident, 2 Owners, Personal use4cyl AutomaticFields Chrysler Jeep Dodge Ram Asheville (252 mi away)- Back-up camera
- Bluetooth
- Navigation
- Leather Seats
- Sunroof/Moonroof
Close
Located in Asheville, NC / 252 miles away from Columbus, GA
Snowflake White Pearl Mica 2016 Mazda CX-9 Grand Touring FWD 6-Speed Automatic 2.5L 4-Cylinder 12 Speakers, 3rd row seats: bench, 4-Wheel Disc Brakes,...
AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary
Accident Free Vehicle: No
Personal Use Only: Yes
History Provider: AutoCheck
Title Details: Clean Title
Salvage Vehicle: No
Frame Damage: No
Theft History: No
Lemon Status: No
Free History Report: No
Features and Specs:
25 Combined MPG (22 City/28 Highway)
Listing Information:
VIN: JM3TCADY5G0108089
Stock: Z5431DP
Certified Pre-Owned: No
Listed since: 05-01-2024- Price Drop
100,214 milesNo accidents, 2 Owners, Personal use4cyl AutomaticCarvana - Cincinnati (459 mi away)Free home delivery*- AWD/4WD
- Back-up camera
- Bluetooth
- Leather Seats
- Keyless Entry/Start
Close
Located in Cincinnati, OH / 459 miles away from Columbus, GA
At Carvana, we go miles beyond the extra mile. That's why we provide you with a convenient, fast, and hassle-free car buying experience that puts you ...
AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary
Accident Free Vehicle: Yes
Personal Use Only: Yes
History Provider: AutoCheck
Title Details: Clean Title
Salvage Vehicle: No
Frame Damage: No
Theft History: No
Lemon Status: No
Free History Report: No
Features and Specs:
23 Combined MPG (21 City/27 Highway)
Listing Information:
VIN: JM3TCBCY3G0122452
Stock: 2002791027
Certified Pre-Owned: No
Listed since: 03-15-2024 - Price Drop
$23,750fair price$844 below market36,201 milesNo accidents, 1 Owner, Personal use only4cyl AutomaticLou Sobh Honda (127 mi away)- AWD/4WD
- Back-up camera
- Bluetooth
- Navigation
- Leather Seats
Close
Located in Cumming, GA / 127 miles away from Columbus, GA
AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary
Accident Free Vehicle: Yes
Personal Use Only: Yes
History Provider: AutoCheck
Title Details: Clean Title
Salvage Vehicle: No
Frame Damage: No
Theft History: No
Lemon Status: No
Free History Report: No
Features and Specs:
23 Combined MPG (20 City/26 Highway)
Listing Information:
VIN: JM3TCBEY4H0127822
Stock: H0127822
Certified Pre-Owned: No
Listed since: 04-16-2024 - Price Drop
$22,501good price$1,052 below market52,390 milesNo accidents, 1 Owner, Personal use only4cyl AutomaticGary Yeomans Ford of Ocala (281 mi away)- AWD/4WD
- Back-up camera
- Bluetooth
- Navigation
- Leather Seats
Close
Located in Ocala, FL / 281 miles away from Columbus, GA
AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary
Accident Free Vehicle: Yes
Personal Use Only: Yes
History Provider: AutoCheck
Title Details: Clean Title
Salvage Vehicle: No
Frame Damage: No
Theft History: No
Lemon Status: No
Free History Report: No
Features and Specs:
23 Combined MPG (20 City/26 Highway)
Listing Information:
VIN: JM3TCBEY4H0128582
Stock: V604800A
Certified Pre-Owned: No
Listed since: 05-01-2024 
$16,990good price$590 below market92,795 miles1 Accident, 2 Owners, Personal use only4cyl AutomaticHarbor Auto Sales (419 mi away)- Back-up camera
- Bluetooth
- Navigation
- Leather Seats
- Sunroof/Moonroof
Close
Located in Port Charlotte, FL / 419 miles away from Columbus, GA
AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary
Accident Free Vehicle: No
Personal Use Only: Yes
History Provider: AutoCheck
Title Details: Clean Title
Salvage Vehicle: No
Frame Damage: No
Theft History: No
Lemon Status: No
Free History Report: No
Features and Specs:
24 Combined MPG (22 City/28 Highway)
Listing Information:
VIN: JM3TCACY7H0135779
Stock: 2531
Certified Pre-Owned: No
Listed since: 05-17-2023- New Listing
$16,500fair price$1,441 above market57,014 milesNo accidents, 1 Owner, Personal use only6cyl AutomaticJC Lewis Ford Lincoln (185 mi away)- Back-up camera
- Bluetooth
- Leather Seats
- Keyless Entry/Start
- Third-row seating
Close
Located in Statesboro, GA / 185 miles away from Columbus, GA
**20" WHEELS, HEATED LEATHER SEATS, 3RD ROW BENCH SEAT, CAMERA, BACKUP SENSORS, BLIND SPOT MONITOR, CRUISE CONTROL, POWER LIFTGATE, HID HEADLIGHTS, FO...
AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary
Accident Free Vehicle: Yes
Personal Use Only: Yes
History Provider: AutoCheck
Title Details: Clean Title
Salvage Vehicle: No
Frame Damage: No
Theft History: No
Lemon Status: No
Free History Report: No
Features and Specs:
Listing Information:
VIN: JM3TB2DA2F0467247
Stock: P4593A
Certified Pre-Owned: No
Listed since: 05-05-2024 
136,196 milesNo accidents, 4 Owners, Rental vehicle6cyl AutomaticLowery Brothers Motors (137 mi away)- AWD/4WD
- Bluetooth
- Third-row seating
- Tire Pressure Warnin...
- USB Inputs
Close
Located in Boaz, AL / 137 miles away from Columbus, GA
AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary
Accident Free Vehicle: Yes
Personal Use Only: No
History Provider: AutoCheck
Title Details: Clean Title
Salvage Vehicle: No
Frame Damage: No
Theft History: No
Lemon Status: No
Free History Report: No
Features and Specs:
18 Combined MPG (16 City/22 Highway)
Listing Information:
VIN: JM3TB3BAXF0450818
Stock: 450818
Certified Pre-Owned: No
Listed since: 10-12-2023
75,755 milesNo accidents, 1 Owner, Personal use only6cyl AutomaticCarMax Clermont - Now offering Express Pickup & Home Delivery (335 mi away)Delivery available*- Back-up camera
- Bluetooth
- Navigation
- Leather Seats
- Sunroof/Moonroof
Close
Located in Clermont, FL / 335 miles away from Columbus, GA
CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...
AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary
Accident Free Vehicle: Yes
Personal Use Only: Yes
History Provider: AutoCheck
Title Details: Clean Title
Salvage Vehicle: No
Frame Damage: No
Theft History: No
Lemon Status: No
Free History Report: No
Features and Specs:
19 Combined MPG (17 City/24 Highway)
Listing Information:
VIN: JM3TB2CA8F0469358
Stock: 25718860
Certified Pre-Owned: No- Price Drop
134,887 milesNo accidents, 1 Owner, Personal use only4cyl AutomaticDriveway (335 mi away)Home delivery*- Back-up camera
- Bluetooth
- Navigation
- Leather Seats
- Sunroof/Moonroof
Close
Located in Wesley Chapel, FL / 335 miles away from Columbus, GA
CarFax 1-Owner,High Demand,Rare Find,3rd Row Seat,Back-Up Camera,Blind Spot Monitor,Bluetooth,Brake Assist,Heated Seats,Keyless Start,Leather Seats,Tu...
AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary
Accident Free Vehicle: Yes
Personal Use Only: Yes
History Provider: AutoCheck
Title Details: Clean Title
Salvage Vehicle: No
Frame Damage: No
Theft History: No
Lemon Status: No
Free History Report: No
Features and Specs:
24 Combined MPG (22 City/28 Highway)
Listing Information:
VIN: JM3TCACY7H0133899
Stock: M133899A
Certified Pre-Owned: No 
$11,498great price$5,227 below market92,411 miles1 Accident, 2 Owners, Corporate fleet vehicle4cyl AutomaticHGreg.com Orlando (352 mi away)- Back-up camera
- Bluetooth
- Leather Seats
- Keyless Entry/Start
- Third-row seating
Close
Located in Orlando, FL / 352 miles away from Columbus, GA
AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary
Accident Free Vehicle: No
Personal Use Only: No
History Provider: AutoCheck
Title Details: Clean Title
Salvage Vehicle: No
Frame Damage: No
Theft History: No
Lemon Status: No
Free History Report: No
Features and Specs:
25 Combined MPG (22 City/28 Highway)
Listing Information:
VIN: JM3TCACY3G0112496
Stock: 0328993A
Certified Pre-Owned: No
Listed since: 09-14-2023- New Listing
84,307 milesNo accidents, 2 Owners, Personal use4cyl AutomaticDaytona Mazda (322 mi away)- AWD/4WD
- Back-up camera
- Bluetooth
- Navigation
- Leather Seats
Close
Located in Daytona Beach, FL / 322 miles away from Columbus, GA
AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary
Accident Free Vehicle: Yes
Personal Use Only: Yes
History Provider: AutoCheck
Title Details: Clean Title
Salvage Vehicle: No
Frame Damage: No
Theft History: No
Lemon Status: No
Free History Report: No
Features and Specs:
23 Combined MPG (20 City/26 Highway)
Listing Information:
VIN: JM3TCBDY4H0131175
Stock: MR1164A
Certified Pre-Owned: No
Listed since: 04-26-2024 
104,737 miles1 Accident, 2 Owners, Personal use6cyl AutomaticTriumph Auto Sales (339 mi away)- Back-up camera
- Bluetooth
- Leather Seats
- Third-row seating
- Blind Spot Monitorin...
Close
Located in Memphis, TN / 339 miles away from Columbus, GA
CALL OR TEXT MIKE FOR MORE INFO 662-782-8866View all of our inventory at TRIUMPHAUTOSALES.COM. Call MIKE for more details at 662-782-8866 or come b...
AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary
Accident Free Vehicle: No
Personal Use Only: Yes
History Provider: AutoCheck
Title Details: Clean Title
Salvage Vehicle: No
Frame Damage: No
Theft History: No
Lemon Status: No
Free History Report: No
Features and Specs:
19 Combined MPG (17 City/24 Highway)
Listing Information:
VIN: JM3TB2CA4F0453058
Stock: MW21653
Certified Pre-Owned: No
$19,995great price$2,370 below market65,429 milesNo accidents, 2 Owners, Personal use4cyl AutomaticKarma of Fuquay (418 mi away)- Back-up camera
- Bluetooth
- Navigation
- Leather Seats
- Sunroof/Moonroof
Close
Located in Fuquay-Varina, NC / 418 miles away from Columbus, GA
AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary
Accident Free Vehicle: Yes
Personal Use Only: Yes
History Provider: AutoCheck
Title Details: Clean Title
Salvage Vehicle: No
Frame Damage: No
Theft History: No
Lemon Status: No
Free History Report: No
Features and Specs:
24 Combined MPG (22 City/28 Highway)
Listing Information:
VIN: JM3TCADYXJ0228834
Stock: 228834T
Certified Pre-Owned: No
Listed since: 04-17-2024
$15,441great price$1,732 below market107,641 milesNo accidents, 1 Owner, Personal use only4cyl AutomaticLexus of Sarasota (390 mi away)- AWD/4WD
- Back-up camera
- Bluetooth
- Navigation
- Leather Seats
Close
Located in Sarasota, FL / 390 miles away from Columbus, GA
Clean CARFAX. CARFAX One-Owner. AWD. 2.5L 4-Cylinder AWD Signature 4D Sport Utility 21/27 City/Highway MPGReviews: * Inside and out, the CX-9 is attra...
AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary
Accident Free Vehicle: Yes
Personal Use Only: Yes
History Provider: AutoCheck
Title Details: Clean Title
Salvage Vehicle: No
Frame Damage: No
Theft History: No
Lemon Status: No
Free History Report: No
Features and Specs:
23 Combined MPG (21 City/27 Highway)
Listing Information:
VIN: JM3TCBEY8G0104994
Stock: C033807B
Certified Pre-Owned: No
Listed since: 04-22-2024- New Listing
$9,990good price$1,747 below market87,735 milesNo accidents, 1 Owner, Personal use only6cyl AutomaticNalley Lexus Smyrna (102 mi away)- Bluetooth
- Third-row seating
- Tire Pressure Warnin...
- USB Inputs
- Multi-Zone Climate C...
Close
Located in Smyrna, GA / 102 miles away from Columbus, GA
Recent Arrival! 2014 Mazda CX-9 Sport Liquid SilverCARFAX One-Owner. Odometer is 61399 miles below market average!
AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary
Accident Free Vehicle: Yes
Personal Use Only: Yes
History Provider: AutoCheck
Title Details: Clean Title
Salvage Vehicle: No
Frame Damage: No
Theft History: No
Lemon Status: No
Free History Report: No
Features and Specs:
19 Combined MPG (17 City/24 Highway)
Listing Information:
VIN: JM3TB2BA3E0430256
Stock: NLS241743A
Certified Pre-Owned: No
Listed since: 05-04-2024 
$19,017fair price$530 below market82,914 milesNo accidents, 2 Owners, Corporate fleet vehicle4cyl AutomaticMazda of Columbia (250 mi away)- AWD/4WD
- Back-up camera
- Bluetooth
- Navigation
- Leather Seats
Close
Located in Columbia, SC / 250 miles away from Columbus, GA
AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary
Accident Free Vehicle: Yes
Personal Use Only: No
History Provider: AutoCheck
Title Details: Clean Title
Salvage Vehicle: No
Frame Damage: No
Theft History: No
Lemon Status: No
Free History Report: No
Features and Specs:
23 Combined MPG (20 City/26 Highway)
Listing Information:
VIN: JM3TCBCY3J0203393
Stock: PM4975
Certified Pre-Owned: No
Listed since: 03-25-2024
$21,991fair price$65 below market49,899 milesNo accidents, 3 Owners, Rental vehicle4cyl AutomaticOsborne Chevrolet (73 mi away)- AWD/4WD
- Back-up camera
- Bluetooth
- Leather Seats
- Keyless Entry/Start
Close
Located in Byron, GA / 73 miles away from Columbus, GA
AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary
Accident Free Vehicle: Yes
Personal Use Only: No
History Provider: AutoCheck
Title Details: Clean Title
Salvage Vehicle: No
Frame Damage: No
Theft History: No
Lemon Status: No
Free History Report: No
Features and Specs:
23 Combined MPG (20 City/26 Highway)
Listing Information:
VIN: JM3TCBCY8J0212428
Stock: J0212428
Certified Pre-Owned: No
Listed since: 03-24-2024
$13,975good price$620 below market118,071 milesNo accidents, 1 Owner, Corporate fleet vehicle4cyl AutomaticMotorMax Birmingham (126 mi away)- Back-up camera
- Bluetooth
- Leather Seats
- Keyless Entry/Start
- Third-row seating
Close
Located in Birmingham, AL / 126 miles away from Columbus, GA
TOURING TECH PACKAGE - 3rd ROW SEAT - LEATHER - HEATED SEATS - BLIND SPOTS MONITORS - POWER SEAT - BACK UP CAMERA - LED HID XENON LIGHTS - KEY LESS PU...
AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary
Accident Free Vehicle: Yes
Personal Use Only: No
History Provider: AutoCheck
Title Details: Clean Title
Salvage Vehicle: No
Frame Damage: No
Theft History: No
Lemon Status: No
Free History Report: No
Features and Specs:
25 Combined MPG (22 City/28 Highway)
Listing Information:
VIN: JM3TCACY3G0117049
Stock: R117049
Certified Pre-Owned: No
Listed since: 09-21-2023
$23,162good price$1,531 below market39,534 milesNo accidents, 2 Owners, Personal use only4cyl AutomaticTerre Haute Chevrolet (497 mi away)- Back-up camera
- Bluetooth
- Navigation
- Leather Seats
- Sunroof/Moonroof
Close
Located in Terre Haute, IN / 497 miles away from Columbus, GA
2018 Mazda CX-9 Grand Touring Deep Crystal Blue Mica FWD 6-Speed Automatic 4D Sport Utility 2.5L 4-Cylinder Odometer is 38597 miles below market aver...
AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary
Accident Free Vehicle: Yes
Personal Use Only: Yes
History Provider: AutoCheck
Title Details: Clean Title
Salvage Vehicle: No
Frame Damage: No
Theft History: No
Lemon Status: No
Free History Report: No
Features and Specs:
24 Combined MPG (22 City/28 Highway)
Listing Information:
VIN: JM3TCADY4J0208126
Stock: J0208126
Certified Pre-Owned: No
Listed since: 04-27-2024
Consumer Reviews for the Mazda CX-9
Read recent reviews for the Mazda CX-9
Solid Near Luxury Contender
Byeh, 08/08/2016
2016 Mazda CX-9 Signature 4dr SUV AWD (2.5L 4cyl Turbo 6A)
8/12/18 UPDATE:
50k miles on Battle Star Galactica now, the only quality concerns we noted are:
1) Navigation hiccups are gone now and system is stable. When are we getting Android Auto again?
3) Tailgate continues it's failure to open about 5% of the time (car beeps 3 times). Annoying but barely
4) Subtle vibration of driver's sideview mirror at speeds above 70 mph in windy … conditions.
Other than those minor gripes, the car still does everything it originally did exceedingly well. I would still purchase this car again today.
ORIGINAL REVIEW:
We recently picked up a 2016 signature and this car is nearly perfect for our needs. We already own a 2014 Mazda3 and bought this to replace a 2009 RX350.
We cross shopped this car with the 2016 RX350. While the fit and finish on the new RX is undeniably excellent, the major problems with it are 1) the infotainment system requires extraordinary precision/attention and thus is extremely distracting/dangerous to use while driving and 2) the rear cargo area has a higher load floor and less cargo space than the 2nd or 3rd gen RXs. MSRP on the signature model I got is $45,215 and I paid $43,800 excluding taxes, fees, and registration. A comparably equipped RX350 would retail for $10K more easy.
I'll be the first to say that the CX-9 loses out if you're looking for the most utilitarian vehicle with maximum cargo capacity. It's smaller interior volume (mostly due to height) mean it doesn't have the biggest cargo capacity (some 30 cubes less than the Pilot). That said, the super long wheel base and overall length provide solid leg room in all three rows and the interior is more than comfortable for adults. It just won't be as airy as some when it comes to headroom.
But what it lacks in utilitarianism it makes up for in spades through superior driving dynamics, solid execution of tech, and premium design. I find this Signature trim far more luxurious than the top trims of any of its direct competitors and even more attractive than MDX or QX60. To me the ideal buyer of the Signature trim of this vehicle is someone that wants a 3 row near luxury SUV but doesn't want to pay luxury prices or, as was my case, simply found the alternatives unappealing.
Onto the pros and cons:
Cons:
Front side air vents point too far out and don't direct airflow towards front passengers effectively.
Very narrow 2nd row middle seat (outboard seatbelt buckles are almost blocked by a rear facing Britax convertible car seat)
No ventilated front seats (would have been nice given hot CA summers)
No panoramic moon roof
No live traffic integration in the nav app. Live traffic is viewed in a separate view and is only shown on a macro map.
No Android Auto or Apple Car Play
Pros:
Power out of the turbo 4 is very competent. Anyone who balks at the 227 hp rating on regular octane clearly hasn't test driven it or experienced the 310 lb ft of torque that comes on at 2000 rpm.
Nappa leather seats are super comfortable
Deep cargo loading area with 3rd row folded
Heads up display very crisp and bright with a ton of info (lane departure, lane keep, radar cruise, nav with lane guidance, tach, speed, gear, blind spot monitoring).
Radar cruise maintains distance and accounts for lane changes and merging traffic decently well. It can be heavy on the brakes when coming up on slowing traffic. That said, the system anticipates cars moving faster than you that merge close to you and won't brake in those situations.
Lane departure and keep assist only intervene when necessary and only correct enough to guide you back.
Smart City Braking not overly aggressive as some reviewers have indicated (braking earlier avoids unexpected intervention and also conserves brake life). I've never had it activate on me.
Blind spot actually beeps when a car is detected and you have your signal on (most competitors only have side mirror indicator lights)
Styling is the most attractive/luxurious in segment
Infotainment system and controls are very intuitive with low learning curve
Suspension absorbs road imperfections well yet offers minimal body roll in corners
Very quiet ride on par with RX350 and MDX
Fully independent rear HVAC zone works very well and even includes upper and lower air ducts/flow control and auto setting
Ambient lighting (flood up front, front door pulls, all door pockets, center console) adds a luxurious ambiance.
LED headlights are bright and have a very even distribution and clean cutoff. Auto high beams are also incredibly precise, turning off automatically even when there's only one car way off in the distance on either side of a split freeway.
Used 2016 Mazda CX-9 in Columbus, GA Values
Estimated values
2016 Mazda CX-9 Grand Touring 4dr SUV AWD (2.5L 4cyl Turbo 6A) with no options
| Condition | Trade-In | Private Party | Dealer Retail |
|---|---|---|---|
| Outstanding | $13,014 | $17,009 | $20,047 |
| Clean | $12,504 | $16,330 | $19,231 |
| Average | $11,655 | $15,198 | $17,871 |
| Rough | $10,551 | $13,726 | $16,103 |
The average list price of a used 2016 Mazda CX-9 in Columbus, Georgia is $16,838. The average mileage on a used Mazda CX-9 2016 for sale in Columbus, Georgia is 89,723. Based on the average mileage of 89,723 for used 2016 Mazda CX-9 for sale in Columbus, GA and using an average vehicle condition rating, which means the vehicle may have a few mechanical and/or cosmetic problems and may require a considerable amount of reconditioning, we appraise the average trade-in value of a used Mazda CX-9 2016 in Columbus, Georgia to be $11,655.
* Delivery of any kind does not apply to Alaska and Hawaii. Contact the dealer for delivery details, restrictions and costs.
** This image is a stock photo and may not reflect the model year or color of, and/or equipment offered on, the advertised vehicle.