Skip to main content
Skip to Filters
71 listings
  • Price Drop
    $44,580
    fair price
    $1,168 above market
    • 11,687 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use
    • 19 City / 26 Hwy MPG
    • Driveway (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in Verona, NJ / 504 miles away from Ann Arbor, MI

    CarFax 1-Owner,Low Mileage,Apple CarPlay,Back-Up Camera,Blind Spot Monitor,Bluetooth,Brake Assist,Heated Seats,Heated Steering Wheel,Keyless Start,Lan...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    22 Combined MPG (19 City/26 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JTHGZ1E28N5025144
    Stock: MAJ3617
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

    • 70,453 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use
    • 19 City / 26 Hwy MPG
    • Carvana (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Dallas, TX / 964 miles away from Ann Arbor, MI

    At Carvana, we go miles beyond the extra mile. That's why we provide you with a convenient, fast, and hassle-free car buying experience that puts you ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    22 Combined MPG (19 City/26 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JTHGZ1E21N5024742
    Stock: 2003776641
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 06-13-2025

  • New Listing
    $43,888
    fair price
    $1,120 above market
    • 14,680 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use
    • 20 City / 28 Hwy MPG
    • Driveway (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Upgraded Headlights
    Close

    Located in Valencia, CA / 1,946 miles away from Ann Arbor, MI

    Apple CarPlay,Back-Up Camera,Blind Spot Monitor,Bluetooth,Brake Assist,Heated Seats,Heated Steering Wheel,Keyless Start,Lane Keeping Assist,Premium So...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    23 Combined MPG (20 City/28 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JTHGZ1B22P5062939
    Stock: P5062939P
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • Selling or trading in?

    Know what your car is worth while you shop for your next vehicle.

    See my car’s value
  • $43,250
    fair price
    $13 above market
    • 27,517 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 19 City / 26 Hwy MPG
    • Firelands Toyota (83 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Upgraded Headlights
    Close

    Located in Sandusky, OH / 83 miles away from Ann Arbor, MI

    Let's start with a full tank of gas! This one is on us! Come check this IS 350 F Sport out! AWD, under 30,000 miles, RED GUTS, leather heated and vent...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    22 Combined MPG (19 City/26 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JTHGZ1E25P5029770
    Stock: SX064591A
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 06-17-2025

  • New Listing
    $42,990
    good price
    $3,144 below market
    • 19,931 miles
    • 20 City / 28 Hwy MPG
    • Carvana (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Upgraded Headlights
    • Blind Spot Monitorin...
    Close

    Located in Tampa, FL / 992 miles away from Ann Arbor, MI

    At Carvana, we go miles beyond the extra mile. That's why we provide you with a convenient, fast, and hassle-free car buying experience that puts you ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary Unavailable.

    Features and Specs:

    23 Combined MPG (20 City/28 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JTHGZ1B24N5056220
    Stock: 2003837130
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 06-21-2025

  • New Listing
    $43,991
    fair price
    $1,647 below market
    • 24,684 miles
    • 19 City / 26 Hwy MPG
    • Driveway (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Upgraded Headlights
    Close

    Located in Middletown, NY / 486 miles away from Ann Arbor, MI

    CarFax No Accidents Reported,CarFax 1-Owner,Apple CarPlay,Back-Up Camera,Blind Spot Monitor,Bluetooth,Brake Assist,Heated Seats,Heated Steering Wheel,...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary Unavailable.

    Features and Specs:

    22 Combined MPG (19 City/26 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JTHGZ1E22P5027393
    Stock: P5027393T
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

    • 27,963 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use
    • 20 City / 28 Hwy MPG
    • Driveway (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Upgraded Headlights
    Close

    Located in Los Angeles, CA / 1,942 miles away from Ann Arbor, MI

    CarFax No Accidents Reported,CarFax 1-Owner,Apple CarPlay,Back-Up Camera,Blind Spot Monitor,Bluetooth,Brake Assist,Heated Seats,Heated Steering Wheel,...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    23 Combined MPG (20 City/28 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JTHGZ1B29P5060525
    Stock: 5267806-1
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

    • 35,899 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use
    • 20 City / 28 Hwy MPG
    • Carvana (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Upgraded Headlights
    • Blind Spot Monitorin...
    Close

    Located in San Antonio, TX / 1,206 miles away from Ann Arbor, MI

    At Carvana, we go miles beyond the extra mile. That's why we provide you with a convenient, fast, and hassle-free car buying experience that puts you ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    23 Combined MPG (20 City/28 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JTHGZ1B26N5056560
    Stock: 2003799132
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 06-07-2025

    • 38,666 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use
    • 20 City / 28 Hwy MPG
    • Carvana (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Upgraded Headlights
    Close

    Located in Dallas, TX / 964 miles away from Ann Arbor, MI

    At Carvana, we go miles beyond the extra mile. That's why we provide you with a convenient, fast, and hassle-free car buying experience that puts you ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    23 Combined MPG (20 City/28 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JTHSZ1B26N5052437
    Stock: 2003805823
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 06-18-2025

  • $38,990
    fair price
    $638 above market
    • 45,435 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use
    • 20 City / 28 Hwy MPG
    • Carvana (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Upgraded Headlights
    • Blind Spot Monitorin...
    Close

    Located in Phoenix, AZ / 1,644 miles away from Ann Arbor, MI

    At Carvana, we go miles beyond the extra mile. That's why we provide you with a convenient, fast, and hassle-free car buying experience that puts you ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    23 Combined MPG (20 City/28 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JTHGZ1B2XM5044006
    Stock: 2003771494
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 06-07-2025

  • Price Drop
    $35,499
    fair price
    $1,087 below market
    • 43,197 miles
    • 1 accident, 4 owners, personal use
    • 20 City / 28 Hwy MPG
    • Driveway (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Upgraded Headlights
    Close

    Located in Hampton, VA / 534 miles away from Ann Arbor, MI

    Rare Find,Apple CarPlay,Back-Up Camera,Blind Spot Monitor,Bluetooth,Brake Assist,Heated Seats,Heated Steering Wheel,Keyless Start,Lane Keeping Assist,...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    23 Combined MPG (20 City/28 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JTHGZ1B27M5046831
    Stock: M5046831P
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

    • 59,615 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 19 City / 26 Hwy MPG
    • Driveway (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in Ramsey, NJ / 506 miles away from Ann Arbor, MI

    CarFax No Accidents Reported,CarFax 1-Owner,Apple CarPlay,Back-Up Camera,Blind Spot Monitor,Bluetooth,Brake Assist,Heated Seats,Heated Steering Wheel,...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    22 Combined MPG (19 City/26 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JTHGZ1E20N5023498
    Stock: L17517T
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • Price Drop
    • 12,851 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use
    • 20 City / 28 Hwy MPG
    • Yark Toyota (48 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Upgraded Headlights
    Close

    Located in Maumee, OH / 48 miles away from Ann Arbor, MI

    Check out this great low mileage vehicle! This car expresses top-tier capabilities, proving the automaker's commitment to quality, safety and comfort!...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    23 Combined MPG (20 City/28 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JTHGZ1B2XN5050342
    Stock: TP4658
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 05-14-2025

  • Price Drop
    $41,990
    fair price
    $1,327 above market
    • 24,740 miles
    • 1 accident, 2 owners, personal use
    • 20 City / 28 Hwy MPG
    • Carvana (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Upgraded Headlights
    Close

    Located in Sacramento, CA / 1,982 miles away from Ann Arbor, MI

    At Carvana, we go miles beyond the extra mile. That's why we provide you with a convenient, fast, and hassle-free car buying experience that puts you ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    23 Combined MPG (20 City/28 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JTHGZ1B29N5051014
    Stock: 2003793949
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 06-14-2025

    • 10,509 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • Jeff's Motorcars (156 mi away)
    • All Wheel Drive
    • Heated Front Seat(s)
    • Back-Up Camera
    • Blind Spot Monitor
    • Keyless Entry
    Close

    Located in North Canton, OH / 156 miles away from Ann Arbor, MI

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JTHBZ1E27P5027349
    Stock: 23965-P
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 05-18-2025

  • Price Drop
    $42,990
    fair price
    $68 below market
    • 28,756 miles
    • 1 accident, 2 owners, personal use only
    • 20 City / 28 Hwy MPG
    • Carvana (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in Cincinnati, OH / 222 miles away from Ann Arbor, MI

    At Carvana, we go miles beyond the extra mile. That's why we provide you with a convenient, fast, and hassle-free car buying experience that puts you ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    23 Combined MPG (20 City/28 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JTHGZ1B27P5062287
    Stock: 2003761937
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 06-07-2025

  • New Listing
    • 11,429 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 20 City / 28 Hwy MPG
    • Carvana (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Upgraded Headlights
    Close

    Located in Charlotte, NC / 513 miles away from Ann Arbor, MI

    At Carvana, we go miles beyond the extra mile. That's why we provide you with a convenient, fast, and hassle-free car buying experience that puts you ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    23 Combined MPG (20 City/28 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JTHGZ1B27N5049925
    Stock: 2003835466
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 06-21-2025

  • Price Drop
    • 12,618 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use
    • 19 City / 26 Hwy MPG
    • Lexus of Dayton (184 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Upgraded Headlights
    Close

    Located in Centerville, OH / 184 miles away from Ann Arbor, MI

    ** LEXUS OF DAYTON, A SERVICE COMPANY THAT SELLS GREAT CARS. Experience our commitment to providing you the best possible service.** VERY NICE LUXURY ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    22 Combined MPG (19 City/26 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JTHGZ1E22P5031511
    Stock: AP5031511
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 05-30-2025

  • Price Drop
    • 14,512 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use
    • 20 City / 28 Hwy MPG
    • Carvana (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Upgraded Headlights
    • Blind Spot Monitorin...
    Close

    Located in Tampa, FL / 992 miles away from Ann Arbor, MI

    At Carvana, we go miles beyond the extra mile. That's why we provide you with a convenient, fast, and hassle-free car buying experience that puts you ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    23 Combined MPG (20 City/28 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JTHBZ1B20P5061573
    Stock: 2003795981
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 06-05-2025

  • Price Drop
    • 17,190 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use
    • 20 City / 28 Hwy MPG
    • Carvana (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in Tampa, FL / 992 miles away from Ann Arbor, MI

    At Carvana, we go miles beyond the extra mile. That's why we provide you with a convenient, fast, and hassle-free car buying experience that puts you ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    23 Combined MPG (20 City/28 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JTHGZ1B28P5068261
    Stock: 2003795389
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 06-16-2025

    • 19,947 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use
    • 20 City / 28 Hwy MPG
    • Carvana (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Upgraded Headlights
    • Blind Spot Monitorin...
    Close

    Located in Tampa, FL / 992 miles away from Ann Arbor, MI

    At Carvana, we go miles beyond the extra mile. That's why we provide you with a convenient, fast, and hassle-free car buying experience that puts you ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    23 Combined MPG (20 City/28 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JTHGZ1B25M5038744
    Stock: 2003761399
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 05-26-2025

Showing 43 - 63 out of 71 listings

Consumer Reviews for the Lexus IS 350

Read recent reviews for the Lexus IS 350
Overall Consumer Rating
4.5 out of 5 stars47 Reviews
Write a vehicle reviewSee all 47 reviews
  • 5 star
    (72%)
  • 4 star
    (21%)
  • 3 star
    (4%)
  • 2 star
    (0%)
  • 1 star
    (2%)
5 out of 5 stars

Very fine vehicle

Oregonhiker, 04/18/2009
2008 Lexus IS 350 4dr Sedan (3.5L 6cyl 6A)
I just bought a 2008 loaded Lexus IS350 w/7,000 miles...this is my 5th Lexus, the others being SUV's, but have also owned 3 BMW's, including a wonderful M3. The IS350 is a great car. 98% of my driving is city, suburb or highway and it performs flawlessly. If I drove major "twisties" everyday, maybe I would have bought another BMW, but few of us have the "true" abilities to push either … Lexus or BMW to their honest limits... It has 90% of the BMW capabilities, IMHO, plus a quieter ride, better interior, better exterior, more reliability and at least an equal resale value. It doesn't scream "look at me"...hey, even the engine and muffler are quiet, but power is vastly available when you want it.
Report abuse

Used 2022 Lexus IS 350 in Ann Arbor, MI Values

Estimated values
2022 Lexus IS 350 F SPORT 4dr Sedan AWD (3.5L 6cyl 6A) with no options
ConditionTrade-InPrivate PartyDealer Retail
Outstanding$34,408$37,371$40,470
Clean$33,832$36,703$39,701
Average$32,873$35,591$38,420
Rough$31,626$34,144$36,756

The average list price of a used 2022 Lexus IS 350 in Ann Arbor, Michigan is $42,379. The average mileage on a used Lexus IS 350 2022 for sale in Ann Arbor, Michigan is 27,251. Based on the average mileage of 27,251 for used 2022 Lexus IS 350 for sale in Ann Arbor, MI and using an average vehicle condition rating, which means the vehicle may have a few mechanical and/or cosmetic problems and may require a considerable amount of reconditioning, we appraise the average trade-in value of a used Lexus IS 350 2022 in Ann Arbor, Michigan to be $32,873.

Filters
Skip to Results

Applied Filters4Active

Location

Search radius200 miles
Search radius

Make & Model

Year

New / Used

Price & Payments

Price Rating

Trim

Mileage

Accidents & History

Engine & Drivetrain

Exterior Color

Interior Color

Total Seating

Edmunds Review

Features

Options & Packages

MPG

Listing Details


* Delivery of any kind does not apply to Alaska and Hawaii. Contact the dealer for delivery details, restrictions and costs.