Skip to main content
Skip to Filters
307 listings
Search radius has been expanded in order to return matching results.
  • 2021 Audi R8 Base Coupe

    2021 Audi R8
    Base Coupe

    $159,990
    2,281 miles
    No accidents, 2 Owners, Personal use only
    10cyl Automated Manual
    Bentley Indianapolis (56 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in Indianapolis, IN / 56 miles away from Bloomington, IN

    Options are subject to customer verification prior to purchase*-Premium Package -Extended Leather Package -Alcantara Headliner -Bang and Olufsen Sound...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    17 Combined MPG (14 City/23 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WUABAAFX1M7900759
    Stock: M7900759
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 01-16-2024

  • 2011 Audi R8 4.2 quattro Spyder Convertible

    2011 Audi R8
    4.2 quattro Spyder Convertible

    $88,990
    23,144 miles
    No accidents, 4 Owners, Personal use only
    8cyl Manual
    Coast to Coast Imports (62 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Upgraded Headlights
    • Power Driver Seat
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    Close

    Located in Fishers, IN / 62 miles away from Bloomington, IN

    ABOUT THIS VEHICLE Options are subject to customer verification prior to purchase*-Heated Seats -LED Interior Lighting-Dual Twin Exhaust -3 Spoke Flat...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    14 Combined MPG (11 City/20 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WUAUUAFG2BN001918
    Stock: 001918
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 01-31-2024

  • 2018 Audi R8 V10 RWS Coupe

    2018 Audi R8
    V10 RWS Coupe

    $130,998
    good price
    $3,959 below market
    18,355 miles
    No accidents, 5 Owners, Personal use
    10cyl Automated Manual
    HyperCars (75 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in New Albany, IN / 75 miles away from Bloomington, IN

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    18 Combined MPG (14 City/25 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WUABAAFX9J7902285
    Stock: HC-2285
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 04-18-2024

  • 2010 Audi R8 4.2 quattro Coupe

    2010 Audi R8
    4.2 quattro Coupe

    $72,800
    28,965 miles
    No accidents, 4 Owners, Personal use
    8cyl Automated Manual
    HyperCars (75 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Upgraded Headlights
    • Power Driver Seat
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    Close

    Located in New Albany, IN / 75 miles away from Bloomington, IN

    Carbon sigma side blades, heated seats, low original miles, Maxton Designs high gloss front lip, clean CarFax.

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    15 Combined MPG (13 City/18 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WUAAUAFG4AN001162
    Stock: HC-1162
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 03-10-2024

  • 2014 Audi R8 V8 quattro Spyder Convertible

    2014 Audi R8
    V8 quattro Spyder Convertible

    $84,720
    27,591 miles
    No accidents, 4 Owners, Personal use only
    8cyl Automated Manual
    Audi Cincinnati East (121 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Upgraded Headlights
    • Power Driver Seat
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    Close

    Located in Cincinnati, OH / 121 miles away from Bloomington, IN

    - Vehicle Highlights Include..., ABS brakes, Alloy wheels, Audi Exclusive Black Optic Package, Audi Parking System Plus w/Rearview Camera, Body-Color ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    17 Combined MPG (14 City/23 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WUASUAFG7EN000730
    Stock: EN000730
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 10-28-2023

  • 2020 Audi R8 Base Coupe

    2020 Audi R8
    Base Coupe

    $159,995
    fair price
    $642 above market
    14,457 miles
    No accidents, Personal use only
    10cyl Automated Manual
    Motor Cars of Chicago (185 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    Close

    Located in Joliet, IL / 185 miles away from Bloomington, IN

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    16 Combined MPG (13 City/20 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WUAEEAFX3L7900312
    Stock: 2139
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 04-26-2024

  • 2014 Audi R8 V10 quattro Spyder Convertible

    2014 Audi R8
    V10 quattro Spyder Convertible

    $95,995
    great price
    $15,276 below market
    16,379 miles
    No accidents, 5 Owners, Personal use
    10cyl Automated Manual
    Motor Cars of Chicago (185 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    Close

    Located in Joliet, IL / 185 miles away from Bloomington, IN

    Motor Cars of Chicago presents to you this stunning 2014 Audi R8 5.2 quattro Spyder! Clean Carfax! No Accidents! *FACTORY OPTIONS* -RADIO: AUDI MUSIC ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    16 Combined MPG (13 City/22 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WUASNAFG5EN000612
    Stock: 1901
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 12-31-2023

  • 2014 Audi R8 V10 quattro Spyder Convertible

    2014 Audi R8
    V10 quattro Spyder Convertible

    $103,990
    52,815 miles
    1 Accident, 1 Owner, Personal use only
    10cyl Manual
    Toy Barn (194 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    Close

    Located in Dublin, OH / 194 miles away from Bloomington, IN

    As a true driving enthusiast's dream, this 2014 Audi R8 V10 with a gated manual transmission stands as a timeless testament to the pleasure of driving...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    14 Combined MPG (12 City/19 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WUATNAFG2EN002113
    Stock: 27893
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 07-06-2023

  • 2015 Audi R8 V10 quattro Spyder Convertible

    2015 Audi R8
    V10 quattro Spyder Convertible

    $99,800
    35,997 miles
    2 Accidents, 3 Owners, Personal use only
    10cyl Automated Manual
    Gold Coast Auto Gallery (195 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    Close

    Located in Chicago, IL / 195 miles away from Bloomington, IN

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    16 Combined MPG (13 City/22 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WUAVNAFGXFN000457
    Stock: GC3895C
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 04-02-2024

  • 2020 Audi R8 Spyder Convertible

    2020 Audi R8
    Spyder Convertible

    $161,800
    fair price
    $276 below market
    7,578 miles
    No accidents, 1 Owner, Personal use only
    10cyl Automated Manual
    Napleton's Aston Martin of Chicago (195 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    Close

    Located in Downers Grove, IL / 195 miles away from Bloomington, IN

    Recent Arrival! 2020 Audi R8 Tango Red Metallic CARFAX One-Owner. Local trade , low miles , this is one to own, The color and look. 20 ' wheels. red b...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    16 Combined MPG (13 City/20 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WUAVECFX1L7902040
    Stock: M2375A
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 04-16-2024

  • 2017 Audi R8 V10 plus quattro Coupe

    2017 Audi R8
    V10 plus quattro Coupe

    $162,177
    27,926 miles
    No accidents, 3 Owners, Personal use
    10cyl Automated Manual
    Napleton's Aston Martin of Chicago (195 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    Close

    Located in Downers Grove, IL / 195 miles away from Bloomington, IN

    Audi R8 V10 Plus finished in special-ordered Satin Dayton Grey Audi Exclusive paintwork. The interior is upholstered from Express Red leather featurin...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    17 Combined MPG (14 City/22 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WUAKBAFXXH7904702
    Stock: AM2344A
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 03-29-2024

  • 2023 Audi R8 performance Spyder Convertible

    2023 Audi R8
    performance Spyder Convertible

    $175,985
    5,651 miles
    No accidents, 1 Owner, Personal use only
    10cyl Automated Manual
    Star Motor Sales (196 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in Downers Grove, IL / 196 miles away from Bloomington, IN

    WARRANTY A Limited Warranty is included with this vehicle. Contact seller for more information. VERY LOW MILES! At just 5651 miles, this 2023 Audi pro...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    17 Combined MPG (14 City/23 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WUACECFX5P7900398
    Stock: N921
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 03-21-2024

  • Price Drop
    2011 Audi R8 5.2 quattro Coupe

    2011 Audi R8
    5.2 quattro Coupe

    $74,890
    69,704 miles
    No accidents, 6 Owners, Personal use only
    10cyl Automated Manual
    Lucky Motors (201 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    Close

    Located in Villa Park, IL / 201 miles away from Bloomington, IN

    2011 Audi R8 Coupe quattro**CLEAN AUTOCHECK**5.2L V10 ENGINE6-SPEED R-TRONIC AUTOMATICALL WHEEL DRIVE**CARBON FIBER ENGINE COVERS****CARBON SIGMA BLAD...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    15 Combined MPG (13 City/19 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WUAENAFG7BN001799
    Stock: 20853L
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • 2015 Audi R8 V8 quattro Spyder Convertible

    2015 Audi R8
    V8 quattro Spyder Convertible

    $78,795
    34,606 miles
    1 Accident, 5 Owners, Personal use only
    8cyl Automated Manual
    Greater Chicago Motors (204 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Upgraded Headlights
    • Power Driver Seat
    Close

    Located in Glendale Heights, IL / 204 miles away from Bloomington, IN

    2015 Audi R8 V8 $149,200 MSRP!! Samoa Orange Metallic Exterior and Black Leather Interer with Madras Orange Contrast Stitching!! Black Convertible Sof...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    17 Combined MPG (14 City/23 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WUASUAFG9F7000833
    Stock: GPM0225
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 03-11-2023

  • 2014 Audi R8 V8 quattro Spyder Convertible

    2014 Audi R8
    V8 quattro Spyder Convertible

    $82,777
    24,118 miles
    No accidents, 2 Owners, Personal use
    8cyl Automated Manual
    Greater Chicago Motors (204 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Upgraded Headlights
    • Power Driver Seat
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    Close

    Located in Glendale Heights, IL / 204 miles away from Bloomington, IN

    2014 Audi R8 V8 $147,150 MSRP!! Panther Black Crystal Exterior with Black Leather Interior!! Carbon Fiber Inlays! Convenience Package! Enhanced Leathe...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    17 Combined MPG (14 City/23 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WUASUAFG4EN000930
    Stock: GCM6473
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 06-06-2023

  • 2020 Audi R8 performance Spyder Convertible

    2020 Audi R8
    performance Spyder Convertible

    $179,800
    10,980 miles
    No accidents, 2 Owners, Personal use
    10cyl Automated Manual
    Chicago Motor Cars (207 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    Close

    Located in West Chicago, IL / 207 miles away from Bloomington, IN

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    16 Combined MPG (13 City/20 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WUA4BCFX9L7900380
    Stock: 20573A
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 12-05-2023

  • 2020 Audi R8 performance Coupe

    2020 Audi R8
    performance Coupe

    $244,800
    8,086 miles
    No accidents, 1 Owner, Corporate fleet vehicle
    10cyl Automated Manual
    Chicago Motor Cars (207 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    Close

    Located in West Chicago, IL / 207 miles away from Bloomington, IN

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    16 Combined MPG (13 City/20 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WUAKBAFX4L7900301
    Stock: L7900301 PS
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 10-25-2023

  • 2023 Audi R8 performance Spyder Convertible

    2023 Audi R8
    performance Spyder Convertible

    $229,800
    865 miles
    No accidents, 1 Owner, Personal use
    10cyl Automated Manual
    Chicago Motor Cars (207 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    Close

    Located in West Chicago, IL / 207 miles away from Bloomington, IN

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    15 Combined MPG (13 City/18 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WUA4BCFX6P7900939
    Stock: SC1346
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 10-27-2023

  • 2020 Audi R8 performance Coupe
    Stock photo © eVox Productions**

    2020 Audi R8
    performance Coupe

    $232,700
    4,790 miles
    No accidents, 2 Owners, Personal use
    10cyl Automated Manual
    Daniel Schmitt & Co. (208 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    Close

    Located in Saint Ann, MO / 208 miles away from Bloomington, IN

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    16 Combined MPG (13 City/20 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WUAKBAFXXL7900786
    Stock: 407921
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 04-18-2023

  • 2021 Audi R8 Base Coupe

    2021 Audi R8
    Base Coupe

    $159,895
    good price
    $9,827 below market
    10,694 miles
    No accidents, 1 Owner, Personal use only
    10cyl Automated Manual
    Strada Motorsports (210 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in Schaumburg, IL / 210 miles away from Bloomington, IN

    History:The Audi R8, introduced in 2006, marked Audi's entry into the high-performance sports car market and quickly became an icon of automotive engi...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    17 Combined MPG (14 City/23 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WUABAAFX8M7901309
    Stock: SM0228AA
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 02-23-2024

  • Price Drop
    2020 Audi R8 performance Coupe

    2020 Audi R8
    performance Coupe

    $182,895
    good price
    $13,486 below market
    13,662 miles
    No accidents, 2 Owners, Personal use only
    10cyl Automated Manual
    Strada Motorsports (210 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    Close

    Located in Schaumburg, IL / 210 miles away from Bloomington, IN

    History: The 2020 Audi R8 5.2 Quattro V10 Performance represents the pinnacle of Audi's high-performance sports car lineup, building upon the brand's ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    16 Combined MPG (13 City/20 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WUAKBAFX8L7901645
    Stock: SM0241
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 07-18-2023

Previous
123456
Next
Showing 1 - 21 out of 307 listings
R8 Reviews & Specs

Used Audi R8 by Year

Used Audi R8 by Year
VehicleDealsStarting PriceTotal Available
2023 Audi R8-$165,81631 listings
2022 Audi R82 Great Deals$143,86128 listings
2021 Audi R83 Great Deals$124,77423 listings
2020 Audi R88 Great Deals$138,99555 listings
2018 Audi R83 Great Deals$110,49931 listings
Select Buying Experience
AnyOnlineIn-Store
Filters
Skip to Results

Location

Search radiusNationwide
Search radius

Make & Model

make

model

Year

to
Year

Condition

Price & Payment

307 cars
|
$145,148 avg. price
$
to
$
Price

Price Rating

Edmunds' ratings are backed by 15+ years of pricing research done by our data scientistsHow are ratings determined?We analyze millions of data points to generate our ratings. We look at vehicle configuration, options, history, nearby transactions, market pricing and more — the ratings are up-to-date and relevant to your search area.

Type

Trim

Mileage

to
Mileage

Vehicle History

Engine & Drivetrain

Transmission

Engine Type

Drivetrain

Cylinders

Exterior Color

Interior Color

Total Seating

Features

Comfort & Convenience

Safety

Engine & Exterior

Entertainment

Options & Packages

MPG

to
MPG

Vehicle Listing Details

Related Audi R8 info

Used R8s for sale by year

Shop used vehicles by model

Shop used models by city

Shop used model years by city

Other models

** This image is a stock photo and may not reflect the model year or color of, and/or equipment offered on, the advertised vehicle.