Skip to main content
Skip to Filters
578 listings
  • New Listing
    $14,699
    good price
    $398 below market
    • 72,416 miles
    • 1 accident, 2 owners, corporate fleet vehicle
    • 4cyl automatic
    • CarPlug (479 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Fredericksburg, VA / 479 miles away from Lansing, MI

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    26 Combined MPG (23 City/33 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WBA4R9C52HK680953
    Stock: AC3389
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • $17,990
    fair price
    $1,474 above market
    • 71,536 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use
    • 4cyl automatic
    • EZ Auto Sales (477 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Upgraded Headlights
    • Power Driver Seat
    Close

    Located in Stafford, VA / 477 miles away from Lansing, MI

    ***Visit www.EzAutoSalesVa.com to view our inventory*** Offering the BEST PRICES AVAILABLE, NATIONWIDE DELIVERY, and EXTENDED WARRANTY OPTIONS. At EZ ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    26 Combined MPG (23 City/33 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WBA4R9C50HK878639
    Stock: EZA5749
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

    • 31,540 miles
    • No accidents, 3 owners, personal use
    • 6cyl automatic
    • Chicago Auto Place (189 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    Close

    Located in Downers Grove, IL / 189 miles away from Lansing, MI

    Thank you for visiting another one of Chicago Auto Place's exclusive listings! CALL US NOW FOR A FREE QUOTE 630-422-1122 FOR MORE PHOTOS VISIT WWW.CHI...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    24 Combined MPG (20 City/30 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WBA4U1C32H5A16359
    Stock: H9084
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 04-21-2025

  • Price Drop
    • 28,420 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 4cyl automatic
    • Laurel BMW of Westmont (185 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Upgraded Headlights
    • Power Driver Seat
    Close

    Located in Westmont, IL / 185 miles away from Lansing, MI

    Sun/MoonroofKeyless StartThis vehicle includes a Money-Back Guarantee* and passed our precise inspection process. Best of all the price you see is...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    26 Combined MPG (22 City/33 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WBA3N5C51FK198472
    Stock: FK198472
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 06-13-2025

  • $21,747
    fair price
    $35 above market
    • 57,053 miles
    • 1 accident, 2 owners, personal use
    • 6cyl automatic
    • Zeigler Hyundai of Racine (172 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    Close

    Located in Mount Pleasant, WI / 172 miles away from Lansing, MI

    Zeigler Hyundai Genesis of Racine is pleased to offer this 2015 BMW 4 Series in Mineral Gray Metallic with Black w/Dakota Leather Upholstery. This 4 S...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    23 Combined MPG (20 City/29 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WBA3T7C58FP942492
    Stock: FP942492
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 06-05-2025

  • New Listing
    $11,999
    fair price
    $567 above market
    • 127,729 miles
    • 1 accident, 2 owners, personal use
    • 4cyl automatic
    • Carplug of Alexandria (476 mi away)
    • Bluetooth
    • Upgraded Headlights
    • Power Driver Seat
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • USB Inputs
    Close

    Located in Alexandria, VA / 476 miles away from Lansing, MI

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    27 Combined MPG (23 City/34 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WBA3V5C59FP752344
    Stock: COA2076
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

    • 69,625 miles
    • No accidents, 3 owners, personal use
    • 4cyl automatic
    • CarMax Springfield (338 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Upgraded Headlights
    • Power Driver Seat
    Close

    Located in Springfield, IL / 338 miles away from Lansing, MI

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: Yes

    Features and Specs:

    26 Combined MPG (22 City/33 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WBA3N5C5XFK197806
    Stock: 26284475
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • Price Drop
    Stock photo**
    $18,299
    fair price
    $39 above market
    • 79,182 miles
    • 2 accidents, 2 owners, personal use only
    • 4cyl automatic
    • Carget Motors (475 mi away)
    • Bluetooth
    • Upgraded Headlights
    • Power Driver Seat
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • USB Inputs
    Close

    Located in Woodbridge, VA / 475 miles away from Lansing, MI

    The 2017 BMW 430i is a sophisticated and performance-driven luxury coupe that combines elegance with dynamic handling. Powered by a turbocharged 2.0-l...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    27 Combined MPG (23 City/34 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WBA4U7C3XH5J55090
    Stock: J55090
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 06-18-2025

    • 71,377 miles
    • No accidents, 3 owners, personal use
    • 4cyl automatic
    • Driveway (274 mi away)
    • Home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    Close

    Located in Wexford, PA / 274 miles away from Lansing, MI

    CarFax No Accidents Reported,High Demand,Rare Find,Bluetooth,Brake Assist,Keyless Start,Power Door Locks,Brake Assist,CD Player,ABS,Power Passenger Se...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    26 Combined MPG (22 City/32 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WBA4U9C58H5D44529
    Stock: VD44529A
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • $18,149
    great price
    $3,940 below market
    • 70,764 miles
    • No accidents, 3 owners, personal use
    • 6cyl automatic
    • Autos of Chicago (179 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    Close

    Located in Arlington Heights, IL / 179 miles away from Lansing, MI

    Make an entrance with the exceptional athleticism of our 2014 BMW 435i xDrive Coupe with the Technology Package on display in Imperial Blue Metallic! ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    24 Combined MPG (20 City/30 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WBA3R5C55EK188174
    Stock: 2184
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 05-09-2022

  • New Listing
    • 57,520 miles
    • No accidents, 3 owners, personal use
    • 4cyl automatic
    • Carvana - Nashville (469 mi away)
    • Home delivery*
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Upgraded Headlights
    • Power Driver Seat
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    Close

    Located in Nashville, TN / 469 miles away from Lansing, MI

    At Carvana, we go miles beyond the extra mile. That's why we provide you with a convenient, fast, and hassle-free car buying experience that puts you ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    27 Combined MPG (23 City/34 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WBA4U7C52H5D42778
    Stock: 2003795735
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 06-12-2025

  • $10,999
    great price
    $5,537 below market
    • 105,278 miles
    • No accidents, 5 owners, corporate fleet vehicle
    • 6cyl automatic
    • Premier Automotive (476 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Upgraded Headlights
    • Power Driver Seat
    Close

    Located in Dumfries, VA / 476 miles away from Lansing, MI

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    24 Combined MPG (20 City/30 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WBA3R5C58EK187343
    Stock: PA8216
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

    • 93,490 miles
    • No accidents, 3 owners, personal use
    • 4cyl automatic
    • Nourse Honda (248 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Upgraded Headlights
    • Power Driver Seat
    Close

    Located in Chillicothe, OH / 248 miles away from Lansing, MI

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    26 Combined MPG (22 City/33 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WBA3N9C54FK246506
    Stock: C4456
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 06-12-2025

  • New Listing
    • 78,391 miles
    • 2 accidents, 2 owners, personal use
    • 4cyl automatic
    • CarMax Tinley Park (185 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in Tinley Park, IL / 185 miles away from Lansing, MI

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    27 Combined MPG (23 City/34 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WBA4U7C53H5D43471
    Stock: 27539479
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

    • 85,384 miles
    • 2 accidents, 2 owners, personal use
    • 6cyl automatic
    • World Class Motors (200 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Leather Seats
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Upgraded Headlights
    Close

    Located in Noblesville, IN / 200 miles away from Lansing, MI

    *** VERY RARE HARD TO FIND 440XI CONVERTIBLE *** M SPORT PACKAGE *** TECHNOLOGY PACKAGE *** DRIVER ASSISTANCE PACKAGE *** COLD WEATHER PACKAGE *** GOR...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    24 Combined MPG (20 City/30 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WBA4U1C30H5A16277
    Stock: 4278
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 06-14-2025

  • Price Drop
    • 110,287 miles
    • Frame damage reported, 4 owners, corporate fleet vehicle
    • 4cyl automatic
    • Kargar Motors (461 mi away)
    • Bluetooth
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Upgraded Headlights
    • Power Driver Seat
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    Close

    Located in Manassas, VA / 461 miles away from Lansing, MI

    BUYING A CAR HAS NEVER BEEN THIS EASY.We specialize in 100% GUARANTEED APPROVAL. BAD CREDIT, NO CREDIT, BANKRUPTCY, REPO, FORECLOSURE...NO PROBLEM. NO...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Issue reported

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: Yes

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    27 Combined MPG (23 City/35 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WBA3N3C50FK233264
    Stock: KMM12164
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

    • 73,960 miles
    • Frame damage reported, 3 owners, corporate fleet vehicle
    • 4cyl automatic
    • 95 Motors (476 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Dumfries, VA / 476 miles away from Lansing, MI

    It is the consumer's sole responsibility to verify the existence and condition of any equipment listed. 95 MOTORS is not responsible for misprints on ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Issue reported

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: Yes

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    26 Combined MPG (22 City/33 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WBA3N9C5XFK247580
    Stock: NTY2033
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • New Listing
    Stock photo**
    • 105,961 miles
    • No accidents, 3 owners, personal use
    • 6cyl automatic
    • Rusty Wallace Kia of Knoxville (465 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Upgraded Headlights
    Close

    Located in Knoxville, TN / 465 miles away from Lansing, MI

    Check out all these great options: Sport Line (Increased Top Speed Limiter, Sport Seats, and Without Lines Designation Outside), 4-Wheel Disc Brakes, ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    24 Combined MPG (20 City/31 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WBA3T3C53F5A40761
    Stock: W6373A
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 06-20-2025

    • 61,563 miles
    • 1 accident, 3 owners, corporate fleet vehicle
    • 6cyl automatic
    • Imperial Highline (461 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    Close

    Located in Manassas, VA / 461 miles away from Lansing, MI

    KEY FEATURES AND OPTIONS Comes equipped with: Apple Carplay Compatibility, Black with Red Highlight, Bmw Individual Extended Merino Leather Upholstery...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    24 Combined MPG (20 City/30 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WBA4U1C39H5A16326
    Stock: 16326
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 06-13-2025

  • $11,445
    great price
    $1,667 below market
    • 108,481 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, corporate fleet vehicle
    • 4cyl automatic
    • Prestige Imports (201 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Upgraded Headlights
    • Power Driver Seat
    Close

    Located in Saint Charles, IL / 201 miles away from Lansing, MI

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    26 Combined MPG (22 City/34 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WBA3N9C58GK249345
    Stock: 249345
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 03-09-2025

  • Price Drop
    $12,000
    great price
    $2,119 below market
    • 78,216 miles
    • 1 accident, 6 owners, personal use
    • 4cyl automatic
    • Zeigler Chrysler Dodge Jeep Ram of Schaumburg (186 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Upgraded Headlights
    • Power Driver Seat
    Close

    Located in Schaumburg, IL / 186 miles away from Lansing, MI

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    26 Combined MPG (22 City/33 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WBA3N5C51EF717124
    Stock: P7759B
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 02-28-2025

Showing 22 - 42 out of 578 listings

Consumer Reviews for the BMW 4 Series

Read recent reviews for the BMW 4 Series
Overall Consumer Rating
4.6 out of 5 stars39 Reviews
Write a vehicle reviewSee all 39 reviews
  • 5 star
    (69%)
  • 4 star
    (23%)
  • 3 star
    (5%)
  • 2 star
    (3%)
  • 1 star
    (0%)
5 out of 5 stars

Possibly the best convertible "sporty" car today!

Lee Moss, 01/19/2016
2016 BMW 4 Series 435i 2dr Convertible (3.0L 6cyl Turbo 8A)
Overall, this is the best convertible I have ever owned, and I have owned 7 convertibles prior to this purchase, one of which was an outstanding 2005 BMW 330ci convertible! I traded in a 2013 Audi A6 and 2008 Porsche Boxster for this car, trying to get a combination that best reflected those 2 cars combined. The BMW is not a sports car, nor is it intended to be, but it has the feel of … one! It is by far the quietest convertible I have owned, measured both by top up and down. The wind reflector really helps, but it only works with people in the front seats. The back seats are "adequate" for adults around town, but not for long trips. The heated neck ventilator is wonderful anytime it is below 68 degrees. I deeply value a strong sound system, particularly with the top down, and the Harman Kardon system does not disappoint. We have taken several 7 hour plus trips, and it is very comfortable on the long trips, top up or down. The engine and transmission are smooth and powerful, and they are more than 90% of the owners would ever want or need. I loved my 2005 BMW, but this car is much sleeker, with a larger and more comfortable interior. The trunk and fold down rear seat are outstanding with the top up, and more that adequate when down. We comfortably took a week long trip to the beach with beach chairs and top down, which you couldn't do in most hard top convertibles. I have the following criticisms: 1) A luxury convertible should have available ventilated seats, and they are NOT an option, 2) the navigation and sound system are not as intuitive or efficient as in the Audi, and 3) the climate control is not fully automatic, it requires you to manually adjust the fan's speed and vent direction. Overall, these are minor detractors, but changes BMW needs to make in this car. I have owned the car for 5 months, and I truly love driving it and am fully pleased with my purchase, and confidently recommend this car if it is what you are seeking!
Report abuse

Used 2017 BMW 4 Series in Lansing, MI Values

Estimated values
2017 BMW 4 Series 430i xDrive SULEV 2dr Coupe AWD (2.0L 4cyl Turbo 8A) with no options
ConditionTrade-InPrivate PartyDealer Retail
Outstanding$12,406$15,968$18,682
Clean$12,011$15,443$18,050
Average$11,352$14,569$16,996
Rough$10,495$13,432$15,627

The average list price of a used 2017 BMW 4 Series in Lansing, Michigan is $17,435. The average mileage on a used BMW 4 Series 2017 for sale in Lansing, Michigan is 78,008. Based on the average mileage of 78,008 for used 2017 BMW 4 Series for sale in Lansing, MI and using an average vehicle condition rating, which means the vehicle may have a few mechanical and/or cosmetic problems and may require a considerable amount of reconditioning, we appraise the average trade-in value of a used BMW 4 Series 2017 in Lansing, Michigan to be $11,352.

Filters
Skip to Results

Applied Filters4Active

Select Buying Experience

Location

Search radius500 miles
Search radius

Make & Model

Year

New / Used

Price & Payments

Price Rating

Body Type

Trim

Mileage

Accidents & History

Engine & Drivetrain

Exterior Color

Interior Color

Total Seating

Edmunds Review

Features

Options & Packages

MPG

Listing Details


* Delivery of any kind does not apply to Alaska and Hawaii. Contact the dealer for delivery details, restrictions and costs.