Skip to main content
Skip to Filters
2,312 listings
    • 188,907 miles
    • No accidents, 3 owners, corporate fleet vehicle
    • 6 Seats
    • Dragos Auto Sales (385 mi away)
    • Power Driver Seat
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • Upgraded Engine
    • Multi-Zone Climate C...
    • Trip Computer
    Close

    Located in Dalton, GA / 385 miles away from Gainesville, FL

    About 2008 GMC Yukon Last year, the GMC Yukon and Yukon XL full-size SUVs were all-new, delivering more power and better fuel economy than the vehicle...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1GKFC13J18R235109
    Stock: 235109
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 03-29-2024

    • 219,818 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, rental vehicle
    • 8 Seats, 15 City / 21 Hwy MPG
    • Lap Of Luxury Motors (471 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Leather Seats
    • Third-row seating
    Close

    Located in Goldsboro, NC / 471 miles away from Gainesville, FL

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    17 Combined MPG (15 City/21 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1GKS2CE03ER194754
    Stock: 10478
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 05-07-2025

  • New Listing
    • 86,662 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use only
    • 7 Seats, 16 City / 23 Hwy MPG
    • CarMax Tupelo (493 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Saltillo, MS / 493 miles away from Gainesville, FL

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    18 Combined MPG (16 City/23 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1GKS1BKC2GR410849
    Stock: 25789959
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

    • 126,467 miles
    • Frame damage reported, 4 owners, corporate fleet vehicle
    • 8 Seats, 15 City / 21 Hwy MPG
    • Carnaval Auto Group (119 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Third-row seating
    • Power Driver Seat
    Close

    Located in Tampa, FL / 119 miles away from Gainesville, FL

    Clean Title Runs drive perfect nothing wrong cash deal Working with appointment only please call or text before you visit us 8*** Our business locat...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Issue reported

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: Yes

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    17 Combined MPG (15 City/21 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1GKS2AE02ER214223
    Stock: 214223
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 04-20-2025

  • Advertisement

    3 Offers Nearby

    2025 GMC Yukon Denali Ultimate
    $78,995
    starting MSRP
    • 6 Colors
    • 5 Trims
    • 8 Packages
    View Offers 
    *The Manufacturer’s Suggested Retail Price excludes destination freight charge, tax, title, license, dealer fees, and optional equipment. Dealer sets final price. Click here to see all GMC vehicles’ destination freight charges.
  • New Listing
    Stock photo**
    • 114,857 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use only
    • 8 Seats
    • Rusty Wallace Nissan Of Knoxville (449 mi away)
    • Leather Seats
    • Third-row seating
    • Power Driver Seat
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • Upgraded Stereo
    Close

    Located in Knoxville, TN / 449 miles away from Gainesville, FL

    Vehicle DetailsGet ready to experience the perfect blend of power, comfort, and style with this exceptional 2006 GMC Yukon 1500 SLT! Powered by a robu...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1GKEC13Z36R141232
    Stock: N141232A
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 07-28-2025

    • 120,132 miles
    • 1 accident, 2 owners, rental vehicle
    • 8 Seats, 16 City / 23 Hwy MPG
    • AutoNation USA Hilton Head (200 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in Hardeeville, SC / 200 miles away from Gainesville, FL

    The following items have been reconditioned on this vehicle: new suspension parts! Leather SeatsAudio System; 8" Diagonal Color Touch Screen Navig...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    18 Combined MPG (16 City/23 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1GKS1BKC1GR452705
    Stock: GR452705
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 07-01-2025

    • 180,788 miles
    • 1 accident, 2 owners, personal use only
    • 8 Seats
    • New Life Auto Sales (259 mi away)
    • Third-row seating
    • Power Driver Seat
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • Upgraded Engine
    • Multi-Zone Climate C...
    Close

    Located in North Charleston, SC / 259 miles away from Gainesville, FL

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1GKFC13J28R147279
    Stock: 147279
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 04-25-2025

    • 157,530 miles
    • 1 accident, 3 owners, personal use only
    • 8 Seats, 15 City / 21 Hwy MPG
    • Greenville Chrysler Dodge Jeep Ram (298 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Leather Seats
    • Third-row seating
    • Power Driver Seat
    Close

    Located in Greenville, AL / 298 miles away from Gainesville, FL

    SummaryFresh Trade, Locally Owned, Well Maintained, & ALL the right Equipment! Heated & Cooled Leather Seats, 2nd Row Captain Chairs, 20" Chrome Clad ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    17 Combined MPG (15 City/21 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1GKS1CE04ER142262
    Stock: A0156A
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 04-05-2025

  • Advertisement

    3 Offers Nearby

    2025 GMC Yukon Denali Ultimate
    $78,995
    starting MSRP
    • 6 Colors
    • 5 Trims
    • 8 Packages
    View Offers 
    *The Manufacturer’s Suggested Retail Price excludes destination freight charge, tax, title, license, dealer fees, and optional equipment. Dealer sets final price. Click here to see all GMC vehicles’ destination freight charges.
  • Stock photo**
    • 150,477 miles
    • 2 accidents, 1 owner, personal use
    • 8 Seats, 16 City / 23 Hwy MPG
    • Impex Chevrolet GMC (487 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Third-row seating
    • Power Driver Seat
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    Close

    Located in Reidsville, NC / 487 miles away from Gainesville, FL

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    18 Combined MPG (16 City/23 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1GKS1AKC7GR175665
    Stock: 2GT6720A
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 06-19-2025

  • New Listing
    • 209,110 miles
    • 2 accidents, 5 owners, corporate fleet vehicle
    • 8 Seats, 15 City / 21 Hwy MPG
    • Mathis Auto Sales (264 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Leather Seats
    • Third-row seating
    Close

    Located in Aiken, SC / 264 miles away from Gainesville, FL

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    17 Combined MPG (15 City/21 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1GKS2CE06ER115223
    Stock: 778
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 07-18-2025

  • $22,950
    great price
    $3,925 below market
    • 97,523 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use
    • 7 Seats, 16 City / 23 Hwy MPG
    • Victory Auto Group (213 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Stuart, FL / 213 miles away from Gainesville, FL

    Victory Auto Store is a family pre-owned car dealership. The store has been operating since 2011. We are located in Stuart, Florida - the 'Sailfish Ca...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    19 Combined MPG (16 City/23 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1GKS1BKC5HR190236
    Stock: C24-372
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 07-22-2025

  • Price Drop
    • 201,206 miles
    • 2 accidents, 3 owners, personal use
    • 9 Seats, 14 City / 19 Hwy MPG
    • Auto Solutions (432 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Third-row seating
    • Power Driver Seat
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • Multi-Zone Climate C...
    Close

    Located in Maryville, TN / 432 miles away from Gainesville, FL

    Steel Gray Metallic 2008 GMC Yukon SLT 4WD 4-Speed Automatic with Overdrive Vortec 5.3L V8 SFI Flex Fuel Capable Yukon SLT, 4D Sport Utility, Vortec 5...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    16 Combined MPG (14 City/19 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1GKFK13068R100394
    Stock: M18691
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 06-08-2025

  • Advertisement

    3 Offers Nearby

    2025 GMC Yukon Denali Ultimate
    $78,995
    starting MSRP
    • 6 Colors
    • 5 Trims
    • 8 Packages
    View Offers 
    *The Manufacturer’s Suggested Retail Price excludes destination freight charge, tax, title, license, dealer fees, and optional equipment. Dealer sets final price. Click here to see all GMC vehicles’ destination freight charges.
    • 145,729 miles
    • No accidents, 4 owners, rental vehicle
    • 8 Seats, 15 City / 21 Hwy MPG
    • C & C Cars (128 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Leather Seats
    • Third-row seating
    Close

    Located in Pinellas Park, FL / 128 miles away from Gainesville, FL

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    17 Combined MPG (15 City/21 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1GKS2CE07ER226444
    Stock: 226444
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 06-29-2025

  • $21,800
    fair price
    $110 below market
    • 106,759 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 7 Seats, 16 City / 23 Hwy MPG
    • Velocity Auto Motors (330 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Alpharetta, GA / 330 miles away from Gainesville, FL

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    18 Combined MPG (16 City/23 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1GKS1BKC7GR401693
    Stock: 4154
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • New Listing
    • 133,256 miles
    • 1 accident, 3 owners, rental vehicle
    • 8 Seats, 15 City / 21 Hwy MPG
    • Auto Saints (377 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Leather Seats
    • Third-row seating
    • Power Driver Seat
    Close

    Located in Shallotte, NC / 377 miles away from Gainesville, FL

    GORGEOUS X-CLEAN TRUCK! 2014 GMC YUKON SLT 5.3L V8 RWD 133,272 MILES 3RD ROW SEATER FULL SERVICE HISTORY PER CARFAX! NC LOCAL VEHICLE/R...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    17 Combined MPG (15 City/21 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1GKS1CE0XER236338
    Stock: GM14-6338
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 07-31-2025

  • New Listing
    • 197,759 miles
    • No accidents, 3 owners, personal use
    • 8 Seats, 15 City / 21 Hwy MPG
    • Rainey Used Cars - Thomasville (126 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Leather Seats
    • Third-row seating
    • Power Driver Seat
    Close

    Located in Thomasville, GA / 126 miles away from Gainesville, FL

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    17 Combined MPG (15 City/21 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1GKS1CE02ER221381
    Stock: P89181
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 07-29-2025

  • Advertisement

    3 Offers Nearby

    2025 GMC Yukon Denali Ultimate
    $78,995
    starting MSRP
    • 6 Colors
    • 5 Trims
    • 8 Packages
    View Offers 
    *The Manufacturer’s Suggested Retail Price excludes destination freight charge, tax, title, license, dealer fees, and optional equipment. Dealer sets final price. Click here to see all GMC vehicles’ destination freight charges.
    • 102,265 miles
    • 1 accident, 2 owners, rental vehicle
    • 8 Seats, 16 City / 22 Hwy MPG
    • Bill Hood Chevrolet (467 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    Close

    Located in Covington, LA / 467 miles away from Gainesville, FL

    PASSED DEALERSHIP INSPECTION!, BLUETOOTH HANDS-FREE CALLING!, REAR VIEW BACK-UP CAMERA!, 4x4 - NEVER WORRY ABOUT THE WEATHER!, NAVIGATION!, 3RD ROW SE...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    18 Combined MPG (16 City/22 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1GKS2BKC1GR467511
    Stock: 0P13698A
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 07-26-2025

  • $21,999
    great price
    $3,698 below market
    • 115,288 miles
    • No accidents, 5 owners, personal use only
    • 7 Seats, 14 City / 21 Hwy MPG
    • One Stop Auto Group (338 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    Close

    Located in Anderson, SC / 338 miles away from Gainesville, FL

    Auxiliary Audio Input Bluetooth Connection Cooled Front Seat Entertainment System Front Collision Mitigation Front Collision Warning HD Radio Heads-Up...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    16 Combined MPG (14 City/21 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1GKS2CKJ9FR632563
    Stock: 632563
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 07-16-2025

  • $24,998
    fair price
    $462 below market
    • 127,248 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, corporate fleet vehicle
    • 7 Seats, 15 City / 21 Hwy MPG
    • Cowboy Auto Sales (397 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    Close

    Located in Lumberton, NC / 397 miles away from Gainesville, FL

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    17 Combined MPG (15 City/21 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1GKS2CKJ8GR243656
    Stock: 243656
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

    • 109,231 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use only
    • 8 Seats, 15 City / 21 Hwy MPG
    • Deal Depot (366 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Third-row seating
    • Power Driver Seat
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    Close

    Located in Greer, SC / 366 miles away from Gainesville, FL

    Visit Deal Depot Greer online at dealdepotgreer.com to see more pictures of this vehicle or call us at 8**-7**-6*** today to schedule your test d...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    17 Combined MPG (15 City/21 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1GKS1AE05ER135311
    Stock: 135311H
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 04-12-2025

    • 195,777 miles
    • No accidents, 3 owners, personal use only
    • 9 Seats
    • Northwoods Automotive (262 mi away)
    • Third-row seating
    • Power Driver Seat
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • Upgraded Engine
    • Multi-Zone Climate C...
    Close

    Located in North Charleston, SC / 262 miles away from Gainesville, FL

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1GKFC130X8R103487
    Stock: 14860
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 07-24-2025

Showing 190 - 210 out of 2,312 listings

Consumer Reviews for the GMC Yukon

Read recent reviews for the GMC Yukon
Overall Consumer Rating
4 out of 5 stars32 Reviews
Write a vehicle reviewSee all 32 reviews
  • 5 star
    (63%)
  • 4 star
    (13%)
  • 3 star
    (9%)
  • 2 star
    (0%)
  • 1 star
    (16%)
3 out of 5 stars

Engine failure at 110,000 miles

Frank Pocino, 06/24/2016
2010 GMC Yukon Denali 4dr SUV (6.2L 8cyl 6A)
I had to replace my Yukon with brand new engine at 110,000 miles because of cam/lifter failure. No help from GM or dealer. Apparently I am not alone. I have owned four Yukons/Suburbans. This is my last.
Report abuse

Used 2008 GMC Yukon in Gainesville, FL Values

Estimated values
2008 GMC Yukon SLE 4dr SUV w/3SA (5.3L 8cyl 4A) with no options
ConditionTrade-InPrivate PartyDealer Retail
Outstanding$3,687$6,333$7,909
Clean$3,485$5,932$7,344
Average$3,148$5,264$6,404
Rough$2,711$4,396$5,181

The average list price of a used 2008 GMC Yukon in Gainesville, Florida is $17,016. The average mileage on a used GMC Yukon 2008 for sale in Gainesville, Florida is 146,990. Based on the average mileage of 146,990 for used 2008 GMC Yukon for sale in Gainesville, FL and using an average vehicle condition rating, which means the vehicle may have a few mechanical and/or cosmetic problems and may require a considerable amount of reconditioning, we appraise the average trade-in value of a used GMC Yukon 2008 in Gainesville, Florida to be $3,148.

Filters
Skip to Results

Applied Filters4Active

Select Buying Experience

Location

Search radius500 miles
Search radius

Make & Model

Year

New / Used

Price & Payments

Price Rating

Body Type

Trim

Mileage

Accidents & History

Engine & Drivetrain

Exterior Color

Interior Color

Total Seating

Edmunds Review

Features

Options & Packages

MPG

Listing Details


* Delivery of any kind does not apply to Alaska and Hawaii. Contact the dealer for delivery details, restrictions and costs.