Skip to main content
Skip to Filters
404 listings
  • Price Drop
    $31,200
    great price
    $5,558 below market
    • 44,530 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use
    • 6cyl automatic
    • Driveway (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    Close

    Located in Nanuet, NY / 2,469 miles away from Eugene, OR

    CarFax No Accidents Reported,CarFax 1-Owner,3rd Row Seat,Apple CarPlay,Back-Up Camera,Blind Spot Monitor,Bluetooth,Hands-Free Liftgate,Heated Seats,He...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    21 Combined MPG (19 City/26 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1GKKNXLS9NZ162667
    Stock: 618290T
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • $54,998
    great price
    $5,748 below market
    • 4,519 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 4cyl automatic
    • Jake Sweeney Express (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    Close

    Located in Cincinnati, OH / 2,003 miles away from Eugene, OR

    Have you ever wondered where to buy a Certified used car? Look no further! Jake Sweeney is here to Help. If you are in need of a new or used vehicle, ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    21 Combined MPG (19 City/24 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1GKENRKS5RJ151521
    Stock: LP9082
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 03-05-2025

  • Price Drop
    $14,998
    great price
    $3,470 below market
    • 100,528 miles
    • 1 accident, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 6cyl automatic
    • Driveway (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Third-row seating
    Close

    Located in Hamilton, NJ / 2,463 miles away from Eugene, OR

    CarFax 1-Owner,3rd Row Seat,Apple CarPlay,Back-Up Camera,Blind Spot Monitor,Bluetooth,Heated Seats,Keyless Start,Premium Sound,Remote Start,Satellite ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1GKKNSLSXKZ296652
    Stock: KZ296652U
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • Price Drop
    $27,990
    good price
    $2,289 below market
    • 48,241 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, rental vehicle
    • 4cyl automatic
    • Carvana (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    Close

    Located in Oklahoma City, OK / 1,475 miles away from Eugene, OR

    At Carvana, we go miles beyond the extra mile. That's why we provide you with a convenient, fast, and hassle-free car buying experience that puts you ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    24 Combined MPG (22 City/27 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1GKKNUL40PZ178632
    Stock: 2003585646
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 04-01-2025

  • Advertisement

    4 Offers Nearby

    2025 GMC Acadia Denali
    $53,900
    starting MSRP
    • 6 Colors
    • 3 Trims
    • 2 Packages
    View Offers 
    *The Manufacturer’s Suggested Retail Price excludes destination freight charge, tax, title, license, dealer fees, and optional equipment. Dealer sets final price. Click here to see all GMC vehicles’ destination freight charges.
  • Price Drop
    $24,990
    great price
    $3,093 below market
    • 71,022 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, rental vehicle
    • 4cyl automatic
    • Carvana (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    Close

    Located in Atlanta, GA / 2,174 miles away from Eugene, OR

    At Carvana, we go miles beyond the extra mile. That's why we provide you with a convenient, fast, and hassle-free car buying experience that puts you ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    24 Combined MPG (22 City/27 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1GKKNUL40PZ124456
    Stock: 2003640982
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 04-07-2025

  • Price Drop
    $30,198
    great price
    $3,063 below market
    • 24,215 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 4cyl automatic
    • Driveway (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    Close

    Located in Hamilton, NJ / 2,463 miles away from Eugene, OR

    CarFax No Accidents Reported,CarFax 1-Owner,3rd Row Seat,Apple CarPlay,Back-Up Camera,Blind Spot Monitor,Bluetooth,Hands-Free Liftgate,Heated Seats,Ke...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    24 Combined MPG (22 City/27 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1GKKNUL47PZ181981
    Stock: PZ181981U
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • Price Drop
    $25,590
    good price
    $1,894 below market
    • 57,178 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, rental vehicle
    • 4cyl automatic
    • Carvana (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in Richmond, VA / 2,387 miles away from Eugene, OR

    At Carvana, we go miles beyond the extra mile. That's why we provide you with a convenient, fast, and hassle-free car buying experience that puts you ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    25 Combined MPG (22 City/29 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1GKKNML46PZ153766
    Stock: 2003634078
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 04-04-2025

  • Price Drop
    $27,888
    great price
    $2,874 below market
    • 44,588 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, rental vehicle
    • 4cyl automatic
    • Driveway (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    Close

    Located in Walnut Creek, CA / 428 miles away from Eugene, OR

    CarFax 1-Owner,3rd Row Seat,Apple CarPlay,Back-Up Camera,Blind Spot Monitor,Bluetooth,Hands-Free Liftgate,Heated Seats,Keyless Start,Lane Keeping Assi...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    24 Combined MPG (22 City/27 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1GKKNUL47PZ220343
    Stock: PZ220343A
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • Advertisement

    4 Offers Nearby

    2025 GMC Acadia Denali
    $53,900
    starting MSRP
    • 6 Colors
    • 3 Trims
    • 2 Packages
    View Offers 
    *The Manufacturer’s Suggested Retail Price excludes destination freight charge, tax, title, license, dealer fees, and optional equipment. Dealer sets final price. Click here to see all GMC vehicles’ destination freight charges.
  • $24,999
    great price
    $2,361 below market
    • 50,592 miles
    • No accidents, 3 owners, rental vehicle
    • 4cyl automatic
    • Enterprise Car Sales (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Third-row seating
    • Upgraded Headlights
    Close

    Located in Pelham, AL / 2,074 miles away from Eugene, OR

    Transfer of vehicle from another location to your neighborhood Enterprise Car Sales may require payment of a non-refundable transfer fee to begin the ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    25 Combined MPG (22 City/29 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1GKKNKL41PZ165067
    Stock: 8FG2RF
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 04-03-2025

  • Price Drop
    $13,390
    good price
    $1,809 below market
    • 100,713 miles
    • 1 accident, 2 owners, personal use
    • 6cyl automatic
    • Driveway (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Third-row seating
    Close

    Located in Wesley Chapel, FL / 2,495 miles away from Eugene, OR

    Rare Find,3rd Row Seat,Apple CarPlay,Back-Up Camera,Blind Spot Monitor,Bluetooth,Heated Seats,Keyless Start,Lane Departure Warning,Remote Start,Satell...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1GKKNSLS4HZ155407
    Stock: M155407P
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • $27,999
    good price
    $2,170 below market
    • 49,124 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, rental vehicle
    • 4cyl automatic
    • Enterprise Car Sales (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    Close

    Located in East Hartford, CT / 2,518 miles away from Eugene, OR

    Transfer of vehicle from another location to your neighborhood Enterprise Car Sales may require payment of a non-refundable transfer fee to begin the ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    24 Combined MPG (22 City/27 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1GKKNUL47PZ156191
    Stock: 7V0CK1
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 03-31-2025

  • $28,999
    great price
    $2,833 below market
    • 37,287 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, rental vehicle
    • 4cyl automatic
    • RubyCar - Denver (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    Close

    Located in Aurora, CO / 986 miles away from Eugene, OR

    Priced below KBB Fair Purchase Price! CARFAX One-Owner. Clean CARFAX. RubyCar by Avis is a national online retailer that allows you to shop thousands ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    24 Combined MPG (22 City/27 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1GKKNUL45PZ250781
    Stock: 53504533
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 04-18-2025

  • Advertisement

    4 Offers Nearby

    2025 GMC Acadia Denali
    $53,900
    starting MSRP
    • 6 Colors
    • 3 Trims
    • 2 Packages
    View Offers 
    *The Manufacturer’s Suggested Retail Price excludes destination freight charge, tax, title, license, dealer fees, and optional equipment. Dealer sets final price. Click here to see all GMC vehicles’ destination freight charges.
  • Price Drop
    $27,990
    good price
    $2,403 below market
    • 47,358 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, rental vehicle
    • 4cyl automatic
    • Carvana (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    Close

    Located in Memphis, TN / 1,858 miles away from Eugene, OR

    At Carvana, we go miles beyond the extra mile. That's why we provide you with a convenient, fast, and hassle-free car buying experience that puts you ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    24 Combined MPG (22 City/27 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1GKKNUL48PZ178197
    Stock: 2003542666
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 03-01-2025

  • $24,990
    great price
    $3,073 below market
    • 71,310 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, rental vehicle
    • 4cyl automatic
    • Carvana (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    Close

    Located in Indianapolis, IN / 1,906 miles away from Eugene, OR

    At Carvana, we go miles beyond the extra mile. That's why we provide you with a convenient, fast, and hassle-free car buying experience that puts you ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    24 Combined MPG (22 City/27 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1GKKNUL40PZ152161
    Stock: 2003523395
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 02-26-2025

  • $26,699
    good price
    $1,904 below market
    • 46,906 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 4cyl automatic
    • Enterprise Car Sales (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in Richmond, VA / 2,395 miles away from Eugene, OR

    Transfer of vehicle from another location to your neighborhood Enterprise Car Sales may require payment of a non-refundable transfer fee to begin the ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    25 Combined MPG (22 City/29 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1GKKNML43PZ186448
    Stock: 7W47GH
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 03-24-2025

  • Price Drop
    $28,590
    great price
    $2,660 below market
    • 41,142 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, rental vehicle
    • 4cyl automatic
    • Carvana (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    Close

    Located in Phoenix, AZ / 937 miles away from Eugene, OR

    At Carvana, we go miles beyond the extra mile. That's why we provide you with a convenient, fast, and hassle-free car buying experience that puts you ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    24 Combined MPG (22 City/27 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1GKKNUL42PZ246302
    Stock: 2003684625
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 04-25-2025

  • Advertisement

    4 Offers Nearby

    2025 GMC Acadia Denali
    $53,900
    starting MSRP
    • 6 Colors
    • 3 Trims
    • 2 Packages
    View Offers 
    *The Manufacturer’s Suggested Retail Price excludes destination freight charge, tax, title, license, dealer fees, and optional equipment. Dealer sets final price. Click here to see all GMC vehicles’ destination freight charges.
  • $26,550
    great price
    $2,418 below market
    • 39,011 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, rental vehicle
    • 4cyl automatic
    • RubyCar - Denver (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    Close

    Located in Aurora, CO / 986 miles away from Eugene, OR

    Priced below KBB Fair Purchase Price! CARFAX One-Owner. Clean CARFAX. RubyCar by Avis is a national online retailer that allows you to shop thousands ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    24 Combined MPG (22 City/27 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1GKKNUL43PZ202177
    Stock: 51973843
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 09-30-2024

  • Price Drop
    $18,695
    good price
    $2,285 below market
    • 96,480 miles
    • No accidents, 3 owners, personal use
    • 6cyl automatic
    • Driveway (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    Close

    Located in Paramus, NJ / 2,470 miles away from Eugene, OR

    CarFax No Accidents Reported,3rd Row Seat,Apple CarPlay,Back-Up Camera,Blind Spot Monitor,Bluetooth,Heated Seats,Heated Steering Wheel,Keyless Start,L...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    20 Combined MPG (17 City/25 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1GKKNXLS0JZ164298
    Stock: PHP8917
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • $27,999
    good price
    $1,445 below market
    • 39,807 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, rental vehicle
    • 4cyl automatic
    • Enterprise Car Sales (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in Baton Rouge, LA / 1,983 miles away from Eugene, OR

    Transfer of vehicle from another location to your neighborhood Enterprise Car Sales may require payment of a non-refundable transfer fee to begin the ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    25 Combined MPG (22 City/29 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1GKKNML45PZ221474
    Stock: 8D7L1D
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 04-08-2025

  • Price Drop
    $25,590
    great price
    $3,560 below market
    • 58,298 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, rental vehicle
    • 4cyl automatic
    • Carvana (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    Close

    Located in Tampa, FL / 2,497 miles away from Eugene, OR

    At Carvana, we go miles beyond the extra mile. That's why we provide you with a convenient, fast, and hassle-free car buying experience that puts you ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    24 Combined MPG (22 City/27 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1GKKNUL47PZ126088
    Stock: 2003427811
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 02-01-2025

  • $28,799
    good price
    $2,425 below market
    • 41,324 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, rental vehicle
    • 4cyl automatic
    • Enterprise Car Sales (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    Close

    Located in Elk Grove, CA / 401 miles away from Eugene, OR

    Transfer of vehicle from another location to your neighborhood Enterprise Car Sales may require payment of a non-refundable transfer fee to begin the ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    24 Combined MPG (22 City/27 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1GKKNUL43PZ234708
    Stock: 7WSLDH
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 03-06-2025

Showing 22 - 42 out of 404 listings
Filters
Skip to Results

Applied Filters4Active

Select Buying Experience

Location

Search radius100 miles
Search radius

Make & Model

Year

New / Used

Price & Payments

Price Rating

Body Type

Trim

Mileage

Accidents & History

Engine & Drivetrain

Exterior Color

Interior Color

Total Seating

Edmunds Review

Features

Options & Packages

MPG

Listing Details


* Delivery of any kind does not apply to Alaska and Hawaii. Contact the dealer for delivery details, restrictions and costs.