Skip to main content
Skip to Filters
1,038 listings
  • Stock photo**
    • 24,503 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, corporate fleet vehicle
    • 5 Seats, 23 City / 29 Hwy MPG
    • Auto Mall 59 (23 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in Houston, TX / 23 miles away from Spring, TX

    You don't see deals like this every day. Easy to use navigation system included. The 2022 X3 has an EPA estimated fuel rating of 25 MPG combined. The ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    25 Combined MPG (23 City/29 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 5UX43DP03N9J57190
    Stock: P66916
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 12-19-2024

  • New Listing
    • 13,072 miles
    • 5 Seats, 25 City / 29 Hwy MPG
    • CarMax (In-stock online)
    • Transfer available from FL to TX*
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Upgraded Headlights
    • Power Driver Seat
    Close

    Located in Naples, FL / 880 miles away from Spring, TX

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary Unavailable.

    Features and Specs:

    27 Combined MPG (25 City/29 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 5UXTY3C08L9B83734
    Stock: 27101426
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

    • 40,405 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 5 Seats, 21 City / 28 Hwy MPG
    • CarMax (In-stock online)
    • Transfer available from ME to TX*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in South Portland, ME / 1,670 miles away from Spring, TX

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    24 Combined MPG (21 City/28 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 5UX53DP09N9J05048
    Stock: 27321253
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • New Listing
    • 9,065 miles
    • 5 Seats, 23 City / 29 Hwy MPG
    • CarMax (In-stock online)
    • Transfer available from NV to TX*
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Upgraded Headlights
    • Blind Spot Monitorin...
    Close

    Located in Las Vegas, NV / 1,216 miles away from Spring, TX

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary Unavailable.

    Features and Specs:

    25 Combined MPG (23 City/29 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 5UX43DP04N9M29763
    Stock: 27593347
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • New Listing
    • 48,908 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use only
    • 5 Seats, 23 City / 29 Hwy MPG
    • Carvana (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Upgraded Headlights
    • Blind Spot Monitorin...
    Close

    Located in Birmingham, AL / 566 miles away from Spring, TX

    At Carvana, we go miles beyond the extra mile. That's why we provide you with a convenient, fast, and hassle-free car buying experience that puts you ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    25 Combined MPG (23 City/29 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 5UX43DP02N9J63112
    Stock: 2003817285
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 07-01-2025

  • Price Drop
    • 43,746 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, corporate fleet vehicle
    • 5 Seats, 21 City / 28 Hwy MPG
    • Carvana (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Upgraded Headlights
    Close

    Located in Atlanta, GA / 700 miles away from Spring, TX

    At Carvana, we go miles beyond the extra mile. That's why we provide you with a convenient, fast, and hassle-free car buying experience that puts you ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    24 Combined MPG (21 City/28 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 5UX53DP0XN9J78168
    Stock: 2003816530
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 06-13-2025

  • $30,990
    fair price
    $857 above market
    • 57,524 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 5 Seats, 21 City / 28 Hwy MPG
    • Driveway (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Seaside, CA / 1,578 miles away from Spring, TX

    CarFax No Accidents Reported,CarFax 1-Owner,Apple CarPlay,Back-Up Camera,Blind Spot Monitor,Bluetooth,Brake Assist,Chrome Wheels,Heads-Up Display,Keyl...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    24 Combined MPG (21 City/28 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 5UX53DP03N9J88038
    Stock: N9J88038BC
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • New Listing
    • 64,188 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 5 Seats, 21 City / 28 Hwy MPG
    • Driveway (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Salem, OR / 1,811 miles away from Spring, TX

    CarFax No Accidents Reported,CarFax 1-Owner,Apple CarPlay,Back-Up Camera,Blind Spot Monitor,Bluetooth,Brake Assist,Heated Seats,Keyless Start,Navigati...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    24 Combined MPG (21 City/28 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 5UX53DP09N9K76902
    Stock: N9676902T
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • New Listing
    • 47,807 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 5 Seats, 21 City / 28 Hwy MPG
    • CarMax (In-stock online)
    • Transfer available from AL to TX*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Hoover, AL / 561 miles away from Spring, TX

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    24 Combined MPG (21 City/28 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 5UX53DP04N9N08449
    Stock: 27290978
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • New Listing
    • 47,713 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 5 Seats, 21 City / 28 Hwy MPG
    • Carvana (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Charlotte, NC / 927 miles away from Spring, TX

    At Carvana, we go miles beyond the extra mile. That's why we provide you with a convenient, fast, and hassle-free car buying experience that puts you ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    24 Combined MPG (21 City/28 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 5UX53DP04N9N28667
    Stock: 2003808208
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 07-01-2025

  • New Listing
    • 11,713 miles
    • 2 accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 5 Seats, 21 City / 28 Hwy MPG
    • CarMax (In-stock online)
    • Transfer available from IN to TX*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Upgraded Headlights
    Close

    Located in Merrillville, IN / 914 miles away from Spring, TX

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    24 Combined MPG (21 City/28 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WBX57DP09NN180350
    Stock: 27268031
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • New Listing
    $33,998
    fair price
    $438 below market
    • 10,942 miles
    • 1 accident, 1 owner, personal use
    • 5 Seats, 23 City / 29 Hwy MPG
    • CarMax (In-stock online)
    • Transfer available from CA to TX*
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Upgraded Headlights
    • Blind Spot Monitorin...
    Close

    Located in Costa Mesa, CA / 1,335 miles away from Spring, TX

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    25 Combined MPG (23 City/29 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WBX47DP06NN163775
    Stock: 27504498
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

    • 60,606 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 5 Seats, 21 City / 27 Hwy MPG
    • CarMax (In-stock online)
    • Transfer available from TN to TX*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Bristol, TN / 889 miles away from Spring, TX

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    23 Combined MPG (21 City/27 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 5UXTY9C02L9B01483
    Stock: 26204671
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • New Listing
    $36,998
    fair price
    $132 below market
    • 13,005 miles
    • 1 accident, 1 owner, personal use
    • 5 Seats, 21 City / 28 Hwy MPG
    • CarMax (In-stock online)
    • Transfer available from IL to TX*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Upgraded Headlights
    Close

    Located in Schaumburg, IL / 929 miles away from Spring, TX

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    24 Combined MPG (21 City/28 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WBX57DP09NN175830
    Stock: 27596476
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

    • 25,153 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use
    • 5 Seats, 23 City / 29 Hwy MPG
    • BMW of College Station (60 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in College Station, TX / 60 miles away from Spring, TX

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    25 Combined MPG (23 City/29 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 5UX43DP08N9M20578
    Stock: N9M20578
    Certified Pre-Owned: Yes
    Listed since: 06-27-2025

    • 58,546 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use
    • 5 Seats, 21 City / 28 Hwy MPG
    • Driveway (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Seattle, WA / 1,869 miles away from Spring, TX

    CarFax No Accidents Reported,CarFax 1-Owner,Apple CarPlay,Back-Up Camera,Blind Spot Monitor,Bluetooth,Brake Assist,Chrome Wheels,Heated Seats,Heated S...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    24 Combined MPG (21 City/28 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 5UX53DP00N9J78213
    Stock: 9J78213BG
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • $42,998
    fair price
    $1,493 above market
    • 56,646 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use only
    • 5 Seats, 21 City / 26 Hwy MPG
    • CarMax (In-stock online)
    • Transfer available from TN to TX*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Memphis, TN / 489 miles away from Spring, TX

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    23 Combined MPG (21 City/26 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 5UX83DP02N9K07997
    Stock: 27217899
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • New Listing
    • 18,636 miles
    • 5 Seats, 21 City / 28 Hwy MPG
    • Driveway (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Ramsey, NJ / 1,418 miles away from Spring, TX

    CarFax No Accidents Reported,CarFax 1-Owner,Low Mileage,Apple CarPlay,Back-Up Camera,Blind Spot Monitor,Bluetooth,Brake Assist,Heated Seats,Heated Ste...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary Unavailable.

    Features and Specs:

    24 Combined MPG (21 City/28 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WBX57DP05NN159950
    Stock: B8516T
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • $36,998
    fair price
    $661 above market
    • 18,815 miles
    • 1 accident, 2 owners, personal use only
    • 5 Seats, 21 City / 28 Hwy MPG
    • CarMax (In-stock online)
    • Transfer available from NJ to TX*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Upgraded Headlights
    Close

    Located in Green Brook Township, NJ / 1,386 miles away from Spring, TX

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    24 Combined MPG (21 City/28 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WBX57DP03NN164466
    Stock: 27472720
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • Price Drop
    $32,499
    fair price
    $928 above market
    • 43,743 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 5 Seats, 21 City / 28 Hwy MPG
    • Driveway (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Ramsey, NJ / 1,418 miles away from Spring, TX

    CarFax No Accidents Reported,CarFax 1-Owner,Apple CarPlay,Back-Up Camera,Blind Spot Monitor,Bluetooth,Brake Assist,Heated Seats,Heated Steering Wheel,...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    24 Combined MPG (21 City/28 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WBX57DP01NN167088
    Stock: B8421T
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

    • 49,800 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use
    • 5 Seats, 23 City / 30 Hwy MPG
    • Shawns Motor Credit (13 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in Houston, TX / 13 miles away from Spring, TX

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    26 Combined MPG (23 City/30 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 5UXTR7C53KLF29240
    Stock: F29240
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

Showing 421 - 441 out of 1,038 listings

Consumer Reviews for the BMW X3

Read recent reviews for the BMW X3
Overall Consumer Rating
4.2 out of 5 stars32 Reviews
Write a vehicle reviewSee all 32 reviews
  • 5 star
    (66%)
  • 4 star
    (13%)
  • 3 star
    (9%)
  • 2 star
    (3%)
  • 1 star
    (9%)
5 out of 5 stars

Volvo to BMW - great upgrade

wbm, 07/25/2021
2021 BMW X3 xDrive30e 4dr SUV AWD (2.0L 4cyl Turbo gas/electric plug-in hybrid 8A)
We had a Volvo S60 Inscription - nice car, but small details, such as no roof rack, and small trunk after installing a spare tire mean that it was not suitable for long trips. We looked at the XC60 hybrid, but with no spare, it did not seem ready for camping trips (we did use the spare on the Volvo - it paid for itself first time when we had a flat on the way to the airport on an … interstate...). The BMW has run flat tires, which may not be optimal, but they at least allow one to get off a dangerous auto route when one has a flat. We have now put in 2000 miles on short and long trips on the BMW. Overall, we found the BMW X3 hybrid with executive package to be more refined than the Volvo - great handling, lots of power, comfortable, quiet, nice sound system, android auto works so one can use google maps. In terms of gas mileage, I assume the EPA 24 mpg comes from gas only. However, the hybrid system seems to work well, and without charging, we are getting consistently around 32 mpg (same as the S60, which is a sedan), so the range in practice is about 420 miles. At home, we get around 18-20 miles per change on electric only, and so we rarely buy gas when not on a trip (got a Mustart charger that plugs into the dryer outlet - charging is 4 hours). Finally, as others have pointed out, the car has great safety numbers. A Gripe: With the kick opening of trunk means the BMW hitch does not work, and one has to use a stealth hitch, which works well. However, with a bike rack installed, one has to be careful with both the kick opening (which can open and hit the rack), and backing up - need to turn off parking, otherwise car slams on brakes since it thinks the hitch is a wall. Since bikes stick out, the lane warning light is often on. Would be handy if there was bike rack detection or setting. Overall, we are very happy with the car, and just have to learn to turn off the park assist when backing up with bikes...
Report abuse

Used 2022 BMW X3 in Spring, TX Values

Estimated values
2022 BMW X3 sDrive30i 4dr SUV (2.0L 4cyl Turbo 8A) with no options
ConditionTrade-InPrivate PartyDealer Retail
Outstanding$24,168$26,321$28,565
Clean$23,846$25,956$28,155
Average$23,310$25,349$27,470
Rough$22,612$24,559$26,580

The average list price of a used 2022 BMW X3 in Spring, Texas is $34,192. The average mileage on a used BMW X3 2022 for sale in Spring, Texas is 36,406. Based on the average mileage of 36,406 for used 2022 BMW X3 for sale in Spring, TX and using an average vehicle condition rating, which means the vehicle may have a few mechanical and/or cosmetic problems and may require a considerable amount of reconditioning, we appraise the average trade-in value of a used BMW X3 2022 in Spring, Texas to be $23,310.

Filters
Skip to Results

Applied Filters4Active

Select Buying Experience

Location

Search radius100 miles
Search radius

Make & Model

Year

New / Used

Price & Payments

Price Rating

Body Type

Trim

Mileage

Accidents & History

EV Details

Engine & Drivetrain

Exterior Color

Interior Color

Total Seating

Edmunds Review

Features

Options & Packages

MPG

Listing Details


* Delivery of any kind does not apply to Alaska and Hawaii. Contact the dealer for delivery details, restrictions and costs.