Skip to main content
Skip to Filters
851 listings
  • New Listing
    • 83,874 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use
    • 6cyl automatic
    • Park Place Motorcars Fort Worth a Mercedes-Benz Dealer (378 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Upgraded Headlights
    Close

    Located in Fort Worth, TX / 378 miles away from Laredo, TX

    RECALL NOTICE: Some vehicles offered for sale may be subject to unrepaired manufacturer safety recalls. To determine the recall status of a vehicle, v...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    22 Combined MPG (20 City/26 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WDD1K6FB8JF039515
    Stock: PMF250743A
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 05-05-2025

  • New Listing
    • 52,462 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use only
    • 6cyl automatic
    • Carvana (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Indianapolis, IN / 1,141 miles away from Laredo, TX

    At Carvana, we go miles beyond the extra mile. That's why we provide you with a convenient, fast, and hassle-free car buying experience that puts you ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    23 Combined MPG (20 City/28 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WDDZF6JB6LA702255
    Stock: 2003702679
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 05-07-2025

  • New Listing
    • 80,250 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use
    • 6cyl automatic
    • Earth MotorCars (410 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in Carrollton, TX / 410 miles away from Laredo, TX

    Earth MotorCars is Proud to offer this amazing: 2020 Mercedes-Benz E-Class E 53 AMG 4MATIC - $97,900 MSRP CARFAX One-Owner. Clean CARFAX. 4MATIC, 4-Wa...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    23 Combined MPG (20 City/26 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WDD1K6BB9LF130995
    Stock: 130995T
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 04-08-2025

    • 57,708 miles
    • No accidents, 3 owners, personal use
    • 6cyl automatic
    • Bluebonnet Motors Jeep (173 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in New Braunfels, TX / 173 miles away from Laredo, TX

    Clean CARFAX.Priced below KBB Fair Purchase Price! 20/26 City/Highway MPGPosted pricing on all vehicles. No games, no gimmicks, we sell what we advert...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    23 Combined MPG (20 City/26 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WDD1K6BB2KF085851
    Stock: UF085851
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 03-09-2025

  • New Listing
    • 34,765 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use
    • 4cyl automatic
    • Go Luxury Auto Group (399 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in Dallas, TX / 399 miles away from Laredo, TX

    Recent Arrival!CARFAX One-Owner.2022 Mercedes-Benz E-Class E 350 RWD 4D Sedan I4 Blue 9-Speed Automatic*Bluetooth / Hands Free Cell Phone*, *Mo...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    26 Combined MPG (23 City/31 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: W1KZF8DBXNB045044
    Stock: A45044
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 05-08-2025

  • New Listing
    • 20,948 miles
    • 4cyl automatic
    • Carvana (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in Cincinnati, OH / 1,177 miles away from Laredo, TX

    At Carvana, we go miles beyond the extra mile. That's why we provide you with a convenient, fast, and hassle-free car buying experience that puts you ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary Unavailable.

    Features and Specs:

    26 Combined MPG (23 City/32 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WDDZF8DB1LA749555
    Stock: 2003702678
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 05-08-2025

  • New Listing
    Photos not available
    • 63,461 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, corporate fleet vehicle
    • Ingram Park Pre-Owned Outlet (145 mi away)
    • Power moonroof
    • Apple CarPlay
    • Remote keyless entry
    • Navigation system: C...
    • Steering wheel mount...
    Close

    Located in San Antonio, TX / 145 miles away from Laredo, TX

    Clean CARFAX. 2018 Mercedes-Benz E-Class E 300 4MATIC® 4MATIC® 9-Speed Automatic 21/29 City/Highway MPG 2018 Mercedes-Benz E-Class E 300 4MATIC® I4 4M...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WDDZF4KB4JA295407
    Stock: P295407S
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 05-08-2025

  • Stock photo**
    • 30,974 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use only
    • 6cyl automatic
    • Sewell Land Rover North Austin (231 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Austin, TX / 231 miles away from Laredo, TX

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    23 Combined MPG (21 City/28 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: W1K1J6BB4LF137114
    Stock: 5352960
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 02-04-2025

  • New Listing
    • 27,162 miles
    • 6cyl automatic
    • Carvana - Dallas (400 mi away)
    • Home delivery*
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in Dallas, TX / 400 miles away from Laredo, TX

    At Carvana, we go miles beyond the extra mile. That's why we provide you with a convenient, fast, and hassle-free car buying experience that puts you ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary Unavailable.

    Features and Specs:

    22 Combined MPG (20 City/26 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WDD1K6FB1JF057306
    Stock: 2003688029
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 05-09-2025

    • 104,017 miles
    • 1 accident, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 6cyl automatic
    • AutoNation Honda Lewisville (409 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Lewisville, TX / 409 miles away from Laredo, TX

    Premium 1 PackageWood/Leather Steering WheelSun/MoonroofWheels: 18" Twin 5-SpokeNavigation System3rd Row SeatAdaptive Highbeam AssistRear Seat ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    21 Combined MPG (19 City/25 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WDDZH6GB6JA396205
    Stock: JA396205
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 04-08-2025

  • New Listing
    • 20,030 miles
    • 4cyl automatic
    • Mercedes-Benz of Houston Greenway (291 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in Houston, TX / 291 miles away from Laredo, TX

    Amg ® Line ExteriorWheels: 19" X 8.0" Amg ® Twin 5-Spoke W/Black AccentsSun/MoonroofNavigation SystemNight PackageAugmented Video For Nav...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary Unavailable.

    Features and Specs:

    26 Combined MPG (23 City/31 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: W1KZF8DB7NB089664
    Stock: NB089664
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 05-09-2025

  • New Listing
    • 53,573 miles
    • Carvana - Dallas (400 mi away)
    • Home delivery*
    Close

    Located in Dallas, TX / 400 miles away from Laredo, TX

    At Carvana, we go miles beyond the extra mile. That's why we provide you with a convenient, fast, and hassle-free car buying experience that puts you ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary Unavailable.

    Features and Specs:

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WDDZF4JB5JA366275
    Stock: 2003387364
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 12-31-2024

  • Stock photo**
    • 36,235 miles
    • No accidents, 3 owners, personal use
    • 6cyl automatic
    • Dallas Lease Returns (408 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in Dallas, TX / 408 miles away from Laredo, TX

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    23 Combined MPG (20 City/26 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: W1K1K6BB6LF140500
    Stock: LF140500
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 04-30-2025

    • 38,929 miles
    • 1 accident, 1 owner, personal use
    • 6cyl automatic
    • Autos of Dallas - Plano (414 mi away)
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in Plano, TX / 414 miles away from Laredo, TX

    AMG Sport Pkg, Night Pkg, Premium 1 Pkg, Parking Assistance Pkg, Navigation, Surround View Camera System, Panoramic Roof, Climate Seats, Parktronic, 2...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    25 Combined MPG (22 City/29 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: W1K1J5JB9NF177753
    Stock: 177753
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 04-10-2025

    • 57,590 miles
    • 1 accident, 2 owners, corporate fleet vehicle
    • 4cyl automatic
    • Auto Web Expo (414 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in Plano, TX / 414 miles away from Laredo, TX

    Priced below KBB Fair Purchase Price! Vehicle's equipment and options listed are to the best of our knowledge. Prices are subject to change. Visit www...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    25 Combined MPG (22 City/30 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WDDZF4JBXJA358169
    Stock: P358169C
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 03-08-2025

    • 65,704 miles
    • 1 accident, 2 owners, personal use
    • 6cyl automatic
    • Kia of North Austin (205 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Upgraded Headlights
    Close

    Located in Austin, TX / 205 miles away from Laredo, TX

    2018 Iridium Silver Metallic Mercedes-Benz E-Class E 400 3.0L V6 DOHC 9-Speed Automatic RWDRecent Arrival!20/26 City/Highway MPGLooking for the...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    22 Combined MPG (20 City/26 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WDD1K6FB8JF045945
    Stock: JF045945T
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 04-27-2025

  • New Listing
    • 77,335 miles
    • 1 accident, 2 owners, personal use
    • AutoNation USA Houston (298 mi away)
    • Five Star Dealer
    • Sun/Moonroof
    • Keyless Start
    • Navigation System
    Close

    Located in Houston, TX / 298 miles away from Laredo, TX

    Sun/MoonroofNavigation SystemKeyless StartThis vehicle includes a Money-Back Guarantee* and passed our precise inspection process. Best of all th...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WDDZF4JBXJA306427
    Stock: JA306427
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 05-05-2025

    • 60,075 miles
    • 1 accident, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 6cyl automatic
    • Kayalar Motors (285 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Houston, TX / 285 miles away from Laredo, TX

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    23 Combined MPG (20 City/28 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: W1KZF6JB7LA822971
    Stock: 4339
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 03-22-2025

  • New Listing
    • 29,747 miles
    • 6cyl automatic
    • Mercedes-Benz of Plano (416 mi away)
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in Plano, TX / 416 miles away from Laredo, TX

    2022 Mercedes-Benz E-Class E 450 ***CERTIFIED***, E-Class E 450, 2D Coupe, 3.0L I6 Turbo, 9-Speed Automatic, RWD, Polar White, Black w/Leather Upholst...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary Unavailable.

    Features and Specs:

    25 Combined MPG (22 City/29 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: W1K1J5JB1NF186737
    Stock: CNF186737
    Certified Pre-Owned: Yes
    Listed since: 05-08-2025

  • New Listing
    • 61,543 miles
    • Insurance loss reported, 2 owners, personal use only
    • 4cyl automatic
    • Salvage Reseller West (391 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in Grand Prairie, TX / 391 miles away from Laredo, TX

    This vehicle is located at San Martin, CA Copart yard. Join our online auctions to see its final price. All purchases must take place online at www.sa...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Issue reported

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: Yes

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    25 Combined MPG (22 City/30 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WDDZF4JB2JA329815
    Stock: 50950665
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • Price Drop
    $28,353
    great price
    $4,479 below market
    • 54,656 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use
    • 4cyl automatic
    • Driveway (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Union, NJ / 1,698 miles away from Laredo, TX

    Apple CarPlay,Back-Up Camera,Blind Spot Monitor,Bluetooth,Brake Assist,Hands-Free Liftgate,Heated Seats,Keyless Start,Navigation System,Remote Start,S...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    25 Combined MPG (22 City/30 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: W1KZF8EB5MA909307
    Stock: MA909307T
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

Showing 106 - 126 out of 851 listings

Consumer Reviews for the Mercedes-Benz E-Class

Read recent reviews for the Mercedes-Benz E-Class
Overall Consumer Rating
4.4 out of 5 stars59 Reviews
Write a vehicle reviewSee all 59 reviews
  • 5 star
    (71%)
  • 4 star
    (10%)
  • 3 star
    (5%)
  • 2 star
    (10%)
  • 1 star
    (3%)
5 out of 5 stars

Great Daily Driver

Anonymous, 03/02/2019
2019 Mercedes-Benz E-Class E 300 Luxury 4dr Sedan (2.0L 4cyl Turbo 9A)
The 2019 Mercedes-Benz E300 is a great luxurious daily driver. The added luxury package adds more classic exterior styling with the traditional Mercedes upright star, that I think creates a much more elegant look than the standard sports styling. The luxury package also improves ride quality by adding more comfort-tuned electronic suspension which allows the car to simply glide over … bumpy roads. The luxury package also improves the interior by adding very rich and soft leather seats, and stitching going all around the tops of the doors and the dashboard. The interior is highly elevated by the beautiful standard ambient lighting and the optional dual 12.3-inch displays that make the interior look high end and modern, while the wavy wood trim and interior details, like the analog clock and metal work throughout, keep the interior looking timeless with a well aging design. The handling of the E-Class is good, especially for a luxury sedan and the acceleration, while not extreme, is more than adequate to accelerate from a stop, or overtake from highway speeds. The car is full of great technology, that is easy to get used to, even if it is complex. The driver assistance package takes the stress out of highway driving, and the auto emergency braking for the front and rear especially is very helpful when parking. The park assist package also adds the 360 camera system with a bird's eye view function that is really helpful in parking garages or tight areas. The camera images are all great quality and have an HD resolution that makes backing out of a parking space easy, and the 180 degree rear camera and rear cross traffic assist make it easy to see an oncoming vehicle or person. Reliability has been great as the car has only needed basic required (and free) service. The sales staff were friendly and not pushy like the typical car salesmen, and the service department is always fast and gives a loaner when requested. However, when the car is washed at the dealership it seems as if the interior is wiped down with dirty rags and dirty water, which not only leaves dirt on the seats that I had to clean off myself, but is also the incorrect way to clean real leather because water can damage the material. I would ask to not have your car washed when taking it in for service, but other than that my experience has been great. The only place the E-Class, and most Mercedes, falls short is the depreciation and very low resale value. Even so, I feel that the purchase price of the E-Class was well worth it. When I was researching new cars, I found that the E-Class was more comfortable, better equipped, and was a better value than competitors like the BMW 5-Series and Audi A6. I would definitely recommend​ the E-Class to anyone looking for a new comfortable luxury car with all the best and newest tech. UPDATE: 10-4-19 I have owned this car for roughly 10 months and am pleased to say I have enjoyed every minute of it. This car has great material quality, technology, design, and customer service. The light-colored leather has held up well to daily wear and dirt (with regular cleaning) and the car has been faultless apart from an incident where a valet locked the keys in the car and the app was not working. I have seen complaints about rattles from the dashboard and door cards, but the roads where I live are horrible and I haven't had a problem yet. COMAND system works well and didn't require much getting used too, as I find it very intuitive. The Drive Pilot system works well and even after almost a year, I am still amazed by it. I still very much recommend this car especially with the luxury package interior and exterior (topstitched MB-TEX trim is a must for feel and look).
Report abuse

Used 2018 Mercedes-Benz E-Class in Laredo, TX Values

Estimated values
2018 Mercedes-Benz E-Class E 400 2dr Convertible (3.0L 6cyl Turbo 9A) with no options
ConditionTrade-InPrivate PartyDealer Retail
Outstanding$26,245$30,617$34,233
Clean$25,386$29,583$33,041
Average$23,956$27,859$31,054
Rough$22,096$25,619$28,471

The average list price of a used 2018 Mercedes-Benz E-Class in Laredo, Texas is $36,313. The average mileage on a used Mercedes-Benz E-Class 2018 for sale in Laredo, Texas is 52,907. Based on the average mileage of 52,907 for used 2018 Mercedes-Benz E-Class for sale in Laredo, TX and using an average vehicle condition rating, which means the vehicle may have a few mechanical and/or cosmetic problems and may require a considerable amount of reconditioning, we appraise the average trade-in value of a used Mercedes-Benz E-Class 2018 in Laredo, Texas to be $23,956.

Filters
Skip to Results

Applied Filters4Active

Select Buying Experience

Location

Search radius500 miles
Search radius

Make & Model

Year

New / Used

Price & Payments

Price Rating

Body Type

Trim

Mileage

Accidents & History

Engine & Drivetrain

Exterior Color

Interior Color

Total Seating

Edmunds Review

Features

Options & Packages

MPG

Listing Details


* Delivery of any kind does not apply to Alaska and Hawaii. Contact the dealer for delivery details, restrictions and costs.