Skip to main content
Skip to Filters
102 listings
  • $22,990
    great price
    $6,858 below market
    • 129,412 miles
    • 2 accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 5 Seats, 31 City / 28 Hwy MPG
    • Queens Auto Mall (23 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    Close

    Located in Queens, NY / 23 miles away from Paterson, NJ

    Shop the best deals on hundreds of top quality preowned vehicles right in the heart of Queens, NY only at Queens Auto Mall! As a compact SUV, this veh...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    30 Combined MPG (31 City/28 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 2T2BGMCA2JC026084
    Stock: 084683
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 08-11-2025

  • $34,995
    great price
    $5,009 below market
    • 20,405 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use only
    • 5 Seats, 31 City / 28 Hwy MPG
    • Lexus of Manhattan (13 mi away)
    • Home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Upgraded Headlights
    Close

    Located in New York, NY / 13 miles away from Paterson, NJ

    Please call, email or submit a lead and we will reserve your vehicle of choice and schedule a test drive. This vehicle is equipped with the following ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    30 Combined MPG (31 City/28 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 2T2BGMCA8KC040475
    Stock: LM20808
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 07-22-2025

  • Price Drop
    $24,590
    great price
    $2,603 below market
    • 100,657 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use
    • 5 Seats, 31 City / 28 Hwy MPG
    • Carvana (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    Close

    Located in Tampa, FL / 1,011 miles away from Paterson, NJ

    At Carvana, we go miles beyond the extra mile. That's why we provide you with a convenient, fast, and hassle-free car buying experience that puts you ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    30 Combined MPG (31 City/28 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 2T2BGMCA3HC020241
    Stock: 2003800362
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 06-18-2025

    • 92,609 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use
    • 5 Seats, 31 City / 28 Hwy MPG
    • DA Motors (73 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    Close

    Located in Philadelphia, PA / 73 miles away from Paterson, NJ

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    30 Combined MPG (31 City/28 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 2T2BGMCA5JC026595
    Stock: 21394
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • Price Drop
    $25,998
    good price
    $1,504 below market
    • 70,067 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use only
    • 5 Seats, 31 City / 28 Hwy MPG
    • Axis Chevrolet (14 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    Close

    Located in Jersey City, NJ / 14 miles away from Paterson, NJ

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    30 Combined MPG (31 City/28 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 2T2BGMCA7HC015706
    Stock: HC015706
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 04-15-2025

  • New Listing
    • 108,400 miles
    • 5 Seats, 31 City / 28 Hwy MPG
    • CarMax (In-stock online)
    • Transfer available from TX to NJ*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    Close

    Located in Houston, TX / 1,416 miles away from Paterson, NJ

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary Unavailable.

    Features and Specs:

    30 Combined MPG (31 City/28 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 2T2BGMCA5HC016319
    Stock: 27613771
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

    • 87,618 miles
    • 2 accidents, 4 owners, personal use
    • 5 Seats, 31 City / 28 Hwy MPG
    • CarMax (In-stock online)
    • Transfer available from TX to NJ*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    Close

    Located in San Antonio, TX / 1,579 miles away from Paterson, NJ

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    30 Combined MPG (31 City/28 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 2T2BGMCA0HC009410
    Stock: 27163319
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • $25,476
    good price
    $938 below market
    • 83,401 miles
    • 1 accident, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 5 Seats, 31 City / 28 Hwy MPG
    • Fred Beans Acura of Abington (75 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    Close

    Located in Jenkintown, PA / 75 miles away from Paterson, NJ

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    30 Combined MPG (31 City/28 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 2T2BGMCA9HC019319
    Stock: AA5020S
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 05-08-2025

  • New Listing
    $28,850
    fair price
    $98 below market
    • 53,554 miles
    • 1 accident, 2 owners, corporate fleet vehicle
    • 5 Seats, 31 City / 28 Hwy MPG
    • Haldeman Lexus of Princeton (54 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    Close

    Located in Lawrenceville, NJ / 54 miles away from Paterson, NJ

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    30 Combined MPG (31 City/28 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 2T2BGMCA9HC010653
    Stock: S0888B
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 08-29-2025

  • New Listing
    • 70,244 miles
    • 2 accidents, 2 owners, corporate fleet vehicle
    • 5 Seats, 31 City / 28 Hwy MPG
    • CarMax (In-stock online)
    • Transfer available from CA to NJ*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    Close

    Located in Sacramento, CA / 2,488 miles away from Paterson, NJ

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    30 Combined MPG (31 City/28 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 2T2BGMCA7HC017830
    Stock: 27335429
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • Price Drop
    $21,998
    great price
    $2,750 below market
    • 118,764 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use
    • 5 Seats, 31 City / 28 Hwy MPG
    • Axis Chevrolet (14 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    Close

    Located in Jersey City, NJ / 14 miles away from Paterson, NJ

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    30 Combined MPG (31 City/28 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 2T2BGMCA4JC029701
    Stock: JC029701
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 07-31-2025

    • 126,978 miles
    • 1 accident, 4 owners, personal use
    • 5 Seats, 30 City / 28 Hwy MPG
    • Arrow Motors (18 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Power Driver Seat
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    Close

    Located in Linden, NJ / 18 miles away from Paterson, NJ

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    29 Combined MPG (30 City/28 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 2T2BC1BA5FC008536
    Stock: FC008536
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

    • 41,018 miles
    • Issue reported, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 5 Seats, 31 City / 28 Hwy MPG
    • Mainline Auto Sales (90 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Deptford, NJ / 90 miles away from Paterson, NJ

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Issue reported

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    30 Combined MPG (31 City/28 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 2T2BGMCA7KC034103
    Stock: 034103-
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • New Listing
    • 72,596 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use
    • 5 Seats, 31 City / 28 Hwy MPG
    • Carvana (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    Close

    Located in Houston, TX / 1,425 miles away from Paterson, NJ

    At Carvana, we go miles beyond the extra mile. That's why we provide you with a convenient, fast, and hassle-free car buying experience that puts you ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    30 Combined MPG (31 City/28 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 2T2BGMCA2JC026540
    Stock: 2003835120
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 06-19-2025

  • $31,502
    fair price
    $27 below market
    • 88,597 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 5 Seats, 31 City / 28 Hwy MPG
    • Driveway (11 mi away)
    • Home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in Ramsey, NJ / 11 miles away from Paterson, NJ

    CarFax No Accidents Reported,Rare Find,Green Vehicle,Apple CarPlay,Back-Up Camera,Blind Spot Monitor,Bluetooth,Brake Assist,Heated Seats,Heated Steeri...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    30 Combined MPG (31 City/28 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 2T2HGMDA5LC045479
    Stock: L17781T
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • $20,525
    good price
    $738 below market
    • 139,754 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use
    • 5 Seats, 30 City / 28 Hwy MPG
    • Driveway (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    Close

    Located in Mission Hills, CA / 2,442 miles away from Paterson, NJ

    High Demand,Rare Find,Green Vehicle,Back-Up Camera,Blind Spot Monitor,Bluetooth,Brake Assist,Hands-Free Liftgate,Heated Seats,Heated Steering Wheel,Ke...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    30 Combined MPG (30 City/28 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 2T2BGMCA0GC005209
    Stock: GC005209P
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • $28,991
    fair price
    $109 above market
    • 89,811 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use only
    • 5 Seats, 31 City / 28 Hwy MPG
    • Driveway (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    Close

    Located in Medford, OR / 2,479 miles away from Paterson, NJ

    Rare Find,Green Vehicle,Back-Up Camera,Blind Spot Monitor,Bluetooth,Brake Assist,Hands-Free Liftgate,Heated Seats,Heated Steering Wheel,Keyless Start,...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    30 Combined MPG (31 City/28 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 2T2BGMCA6JC027240
    Stock: JC027240H
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • $23,111
    fair price
    $649 above market
    • 121,727 miles
    • No accidents, 4 owners, personal use only
    • 5 Seats, 30 City / 28 Hwy MPG
    • Sanchez Motors (16 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Elizabeth, NJ / 16 miles away from Paterson, NJ

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    30 Combined MPG (30 City/28 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 2T2BGMCA4GC001163
    Stock: 001163
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 04-11-2025

  • Price Drop
    $37,490
    fair price
    $666 below market
    • 30,098 miles
    • 1 accident, 2 owners, personal use
    • 5 Seats, 31 City / 28 Hwy MPG
    • Holman Toyota (80 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in Mount Laurel, NJ / 80 miles away from Paterson, NJ

    Experience the perfect blend of luxury, performance, and efficiency with the 2020 Lexus RX 450h AWD. Powered by a sophisticated 3.5L V6 engine featuri...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: Yes

    Features and Specs:

    30 Combined MPG (31 City/28 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 2T2HGMDA0LC051450
    Stock: LC051450
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 07-02-2025

  • Price Drop
    $31,991
    fair price
    $967 above market
    • 63,544 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 5 Seats, 31 City / 28 Hwy MPG
    • Conicelli Nissan (82 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    Close

    Located in Conshohocken, PA / 82 miles away from Paterson, NJ

    CARFAX 1-Owner! This 2018 Lexus RX 450h, has a great Nightfall Mica exterior, and a clean Parchment 02 interior! -Only 63,544 miles which is low for a...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    30 Combined MPG (31 City/28 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 2T2BGMCA0JC023877
    Stock: NP11492
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 06-17-2025

  • $39,891
    fair price
    $283 above market
    • 39,543 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 5 Seats, 31 City / 28 Hwy MPG
    • BMW Of Devon (89 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Devon, PA / 89 miles away from Paterson, NJ

    3.5L V6 DOHC VVT-i 24V, AWD, Black Artificial Leather.Odometer is 15856 miles below market average! 31/28 City/Highway MPG*Not Responsible for typogra...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    30 Combined MPG (31 City/28 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 2T2HGMDA5LC048365
    Stock: 2513801
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 08-25-2025

Showing 1 - 21 out of 102 listings

Consumer Reviews for the Lexus RX 450h

Read recent reviews for the Lexus RX 450h
Overall Consumer Rating
4.5 out of 5 stars38 Reviews
Write a vehicle reviewSee all 38 reviews
  • 5 star
    (71%)
  • 4 star
    (13%)
  • 3 star
    (11%)
  • 2 star
    (3%)
  • 1 star
    (3%)
5 out of 5 stars

Lexus RX 450 > 350

TW, 01/13/2018
2017 Lexus RX 450h 4dr SUV AWD (3.5L 6cyl gas/electric hybrid CVT)
I spent a lot of time shopping for my new car and ended up buying the Lexus RX 450h. Before settling on the RX 450h I drove many of the competing vehicles including Audi SQ5, Q7, Mercedes GLC AMG, GLE, Volvo XC60 and XC90. I also drove the Lexus RX 350 as well. Initially I wasn't looking for a hybrid but I am glad I drove the 450h and ended up buying it. I've driven other hybrids as … rental cars over the years (Prius and Ford Fusion) and in most cases the switch between electric and gas isn't particularly smooth, not so in the RX. Other than hearing the gas engine, it's just continuous power and smoothly switches over. The CVT makes the vehicle incredibly smooth as well with no gear changes. For the 2017s, the hybrid carries a pretty big premium for the base vehicle but upon closer inspection, it comes with a lot of standard features and in the end it really only adds about $1800 to the price of the vehicle. For 2018, the hybrid packaging is different and now has the same features as the base 350. The premium is now only about $1000. For that you get, in my opinion a much smoother vehicle and much better gas mileage. Bottom line, even if you aren't interested in the hybrid for environmental reasons, I still think it is a better vehicle and worth the upgrade costs. To address one common complaint, the weakest part of the RX vehicles is the user interface for the entertainment/navigation system. The remote touch control isn't as convenient as some other systems but it is more than adequate. Some times the user interface is a bit more complex than needed. That said, you will get used to it and don't let that turn you off from a great vehicle. Bottom line, if you are going to test drive RXs, take an RX 450h for a spin. I think you will like it.
Report abuse

Used 2018 Lexus RX 450h in Paterson, NJ Values

Estimated values
2018 Lexus RX 450h 4dr SUV AWD (3.5L 6cyl gas/electric hybrid CVT) with no options
ConditionTrade-InPrivate PartyDealer Retail
Outstanding$21,738$24,146$26,129
Clean$21,209$23,545$25,463
Average$20,327$22,542$24,355
Rough$19,180$21,239$22,913

The average list price of a used 2018 Lexus RX 450h in Paterson, New Jersey is $28,204. The average mileage on a used Lexus RX 450h 2018 for sale in Paterson, New Jersey is 83,276. Based on the average mileage of 83,276 for used 2018 Lexus RX 450h for sale in Paterson, NJ and using an average vehicle condition rating, which means the vehicle may have a few mechanical and/or cosmetic problems and may require a considerable amount of reconditioning, we appraise the average trade-in value of a used Lexus RX 450h 2018 in Paterson, New Jersey to be $20,327.

Filters
Skip to Results

Applied Filters4Active

Select Buying Experience

Location

Search radius100 miles
Search radius

Make & Model

Year

New / Used

Price & Payments

Price Rating

Body Type

Trim

Mileage

Accidents & History

Engine & Drivetrain

Exterior Color

Interior Color

Total Seating

Edmunds Review

Features

Options & Packages

MPG

Listing Details


* Delivery of any kind does not apply to Alaska and Hawaii. Contact the dealer for delivery details, restrictions and costs.