Skip to main content
Skip to Filters
9,603 listings
  • New Listing
    $9,999
    fair price
    $35 above market
    • 116,904 miles
    • 1 accident, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 5 Seats, 18 City / 25 Hwy MPG
    • Brilliance Honda of Crystal Lake (182 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Leather Seats
    • Power Driver Seat
    Close

    Located in Crystal Lake, IL / 182 miles away from Springfield, IL

    ONE OWNER EDGE LIMITED!! ALL WHEEL DRIVE!! SERVICED UP!! CLEAN CARFAX VEHICLE HISTORY REPORT!! MINERAL GRAY METALLIC WITH BLACK LEATHER INTERIOR!! HEA...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    21 Combined MPG (18 City/25 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 2FMDK4KC4EBB04163
    Stock: H260038A
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 07-12-2025

    • 116,872 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use
    • 5 Seats, 19 City / 27 Hwy MPG
    • Roy Schmidt Honda (75 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Leather Seats
    • Blind Spot Monitorin...
    • Power Driver Seat
    Close

    Located in Effingham, IL / 75 miles away from Springfield, IL

    EquipmentThe rear parking assist technology on this Ford Edge will put you at ease when reversing. The system alerts you as you get closer to...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    22 Combined MPG (19 City/27 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 2FMDK3JC0EBA05027
    Stock: P2932
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 04-08-2025

    • 100,590 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 5 Seats, 19 City / 27 Hwy MPG
    • Carvana - Indianapolis (185 mi away)
    • Home delivery*
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Blind Spot Monitorin...
    Close

    Located in Indianapolis, IN / 185 miles away from Springfield, IL

    At Carvana, we go miles beyond the extra mile. That's why we provide you with a convenient, fast, and hassle-free car buying experience that puts you ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    22 Combined MPG (19 City/27 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 2FMDK3KC2EBB53839
    Stock: 2003861340
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 07-03-2025

    • 102,541 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use
    • 5 Seats, 19 City / 27 Hwy MPG
    • Carvana - Indianapolis (185 mi away)
    • Home delivery*
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Blind Spot Monitorin...
    Close

    Located in Indianapolis, IN / 185 miles away from Springfield, IL

    At Carvana, we go miles beyond the extra mile. That's why we provide you with a convenient, fast, and hassle-free car buying experience that puts you ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    22 Combined MPG (19 City/27 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 2FMDK3JC3EBB38509
    Stock: 2003571400
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 04-05-2025

  • New Listing
    $9,900
    good price
    $1,146 below market
    • 89,685 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use only
    • 5 Seats, 18 City / 25 Hwy MPG
    • Exotic Luxury Autos (498 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Leather Seats
    • Power Driver Seat
    Close

    Located in Gainesville, GA / 498 miles away from Springfield, IL

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    21 Combined MPG (18 City/25 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 2FMDK4KC9EBA35261
    Stock: A35261
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • New Listing
    • 99,629 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 5 Seats, 18 City / 25 Hwy MPG
    • CarMax Kansas City (275 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    Close

    Located in Merriam, KS / 275 miles away from Springfield, IL

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    21 Combined MPG (18 City/25 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 2FMDK4JC0EBB83896
    Stock: 27612815
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

    • 96,858 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use only
    • 5 Seats, 18 City / 25 Hwy MPG
    • CarMax Kansas City (275 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    Close

    Located in Merriam, KS / 275 miles away from Springfield, IL

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: Yes

    Features and Specs:

    21 Combined MPG (18 City/25 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 2FMDK4KC0EBB38472
    Stock: 27438124
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

    • 52,226 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use only
    • 5 Seats, 19 City / 27 Hwy MPG
    • CarMax Birmingham (472 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Blind Spot Monitorin...
    Close

    Located in Hoover, AL / 472 miles away from Springfield, IL

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: Yes

    Features and Specs:

    22 Combined MPG (19 City/27 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 2FMDK3JC2EBB46472
    Stock: 27370609
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

    • 106,218 miles
    • No accidents, 3 owners, rental vehicle
    • 5 Seats, 18 City / 25 Hwy MPG
    • Ray Skillman Auto Center Buick GMC (187 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Leather Seats
    • Power Driver Seat
    Close

    Located in Indianapolis, IN / 187 miles away from Springfield, IL

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    21 Combined MPG (18 City/25 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 2FMDK4KC8EBA19942
    Stock: N1394A
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 07-21-2025

  • $7,995
    fair price
    $364 below market
    • 117,685 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, corporate fleet vehicle
    • 5 Seats, 18 City / 25 Hwy MPG
    • Extreme Car Center Inc (378 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • Trip Computer
    • Rear Bench Seats
    • Stability Control
    Close

    Located in Detroit, MI / 378 miles away from Springfield, IL

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    21 Combined MPG (18 City/25 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 2FMDK4GC3EBA47270
    Stock: 2905
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

    • 176,789 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, rental vehicle
    • 5 Seats, 18 City / 25 Hwy MPG
    • Johnson Chevrolet (430 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Leather Seats
    • Power Driver Seat
    Close

    Located in Clintwood, VA / 430 miles away from Springfield, IL

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    21 Combined MPG (18 City/25 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 2FMDK4KC9EBA54568
    Stock: EBA54568
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 06-24-2025

  • New Listing
    • 103,603 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 5 Seats, 18 City / 25 Hwy MPG
    • Putnam Auto Sales Inc (437 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Power Driver Seat
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • Parking sensors
    Close

    Located in Marietta, OH / 437 miles away from Springfield, IL

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    21 Combined MPG (18 City/25 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 2FMDK4JC3EBB80782
    Stock: B80782
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 12-31-2024

  • New Listing
    $9,997
    fair price
    $214 below market
    • 135,262 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use only
    • 5 Seats, 17 City / 23 Hwy MPG
    • KC Used Car Emporium (274 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Leather Seats
    • Power Driver Seat
    Close

    Located in Merriam, KS / 274 miles away from Springfield, IL

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    19 Combined MPG (17 City/23 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 2FMDK4AK9EBB80034
    Stock: MMB80034
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • $5,995
    fair price
    $288 below market
    • 170,949 miles
    • No accidents, 3 owners, corporate fleet vehicle
    • 5 Seats, 18 City / 25 Hwy MPG
    • All Approved Auto Sales (395 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Power Driver Seat
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • Parking sensors
    Close

    Located in Roseville, MI / 395 miles away from Springfield, IL

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    21 Combined MPG (18 City/25 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 2FMDK4JC4EBA47299
    Stock: 2568
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • New Listing
    $6,800
    fair price
    $645 below market
    • 143,483 miles
    • 2 accidents, 2 owners, personal use
    • 5 Seats, 19 City / 27 Hwy MPG
    • Iron Horse Auto (404 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Knoxville, TN / 404 miles away from Springfield, IL

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    22 Combined MPG (19 City/27 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 2FMDK3KC3EBA04114
    Stock: A04114
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • New Listing
    • 59,230 miles
    • 5 Seats, 18 City / 25 Hwy MPG
    • CarMax Murfreesboro (323 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    Close

    Located in Murfreesboro, TN / 323 miles away from Springfield, IL

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary Unavailable.

    Features and Specs:

    21 Combined MPG (18 City/25 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 2FMDK4JCXEBB72114
    Stock: 27269019
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • Price Drop
    $7,808
    fair price
    $472 below market
    • 151,553 miles
    • 2 accidents, 3 owners, corporate fleet vehicle
    • 5 Seats, 18 City / 25 Hwy MPG
    • Rod Hatfield Used Car Factory (304 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    Close

    Located in Nicholasville, KY / 304 miles away from Springfield, IL

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    21 Combined MPG (18 City/25 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 2FMDK4KCXEBA16623
    Stock: F6556
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • New Listing
    $6,998
    fair price
    $127 above market
    • 184,470 miles
    • No accidents, 4 owners, corporate fleet vehicle
    • 5 Seats, 19 City / 27 Hwy MPG
    • Buy Rite Auto Center (240 mi away)
    • Bluetooth
    • Power Driver Seat
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • Parking sensors
    • USB Inputs
    Close

    Located in Radcliff, KY / 240 miles away from Springfield, IL

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    22 Combined MPG (19 City/27 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 2FMDK3JC6EBA14623
    Stock: 333777
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • New Listing
    • 163,970 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use
    • 5 Seats, 19 City / 27 Hwy MPG
    • Graff Chevrolet Okemos (338 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Leather Seats
    • Power Driver Seat
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    Close

    Located in Okemos, MI / 338 miles away from Springfield, IL

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    22 Combined MPG (19 City/27 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 2FMDK3JC6EBB12096
    Stock: EBB12096A
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 07-28-2025

  • New Listing
    • 84,209 miles
    • 2 accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 5 Seats, 18 City / 25 Hwy MPG
    • Downtown Motors (278 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Power Driver Seat
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • Parking sensors
    Close

    Located in Republic, MO / 278 miles away from Springfield, IL

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    21 Combined MPG (18 City/25 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 2FMDK4JCXEBA18826
    Stock: JGA18826
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 02-28-2025

  • $9,765
    fair price
    $61 below market
    • 139,097 miles
    • 1 accident, 2 owners, personal use only
    • 5 Seats, 18 City / 25 Hwy MPG
    • Ole Auto Sales (172 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Leather Seats
    • Power Driver Seat
    Close

    Located in Elmhurst, IL / 172 miles away from Springfield, IL

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: Yes

    Features and Specs:

    21 Combined MPG (18 City/25 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 2FMDK4KC1EBB45284
    Stock: O13231
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

Showing 22 - 42 out of 9,603 listings

Consumer Reviews for the Ford Edge

Read recent reviews for the Ford Edge
Overall Consumer Rating
4.2 out of 5 stars107 Reviews
Write a vehicle reviewSee all 107 reviews
  • 5 star
    (57%)
  • 4 star
    (21%)
  • 3 star
    (11%)
  • 2 star
    (6%)
  • 1 star
    (5%)
5 out of 5 stars

Review for anyone tall

abellows, 02/26/2015
2013 Ford Edge SE 4dr SUV (3.5L 6cyl 6A)
If you're a tall person and in the market for a crossover, give the Ford Edge a serious look. I'm 6'5 220# and have plenty of room in all directions. The driver seat has many settings for your comfort. Now for the rest, I never thought I'd buy a Ford but I love this vehicle. The V6 really moves and looks great while doing it. The ride is smooth and quiet. The sound system is crisp and … clear. I don't have a phone with Bluetooth but Sync works really good with my i-touch. My only complaint so far is the transmission. It really doesn't like 2nd gear and reading other reviews it seems to be a known issue with the Edge. Highly recommend this vehicle especially if you're tall. UPDATE: 02/27/2018 The 2013 Edge is still going strong. Replaced some of the standard stuff like battery, headlights, tie-rods and tires. Other than that, I still love it. Great size. Great engine. Still stylish. I plan on purchasing a newer Edge when the time comes...and this comes from someone who never cared for a Ford. UPDATE: I wrote a review on this Edge years ago under the name Abellows, but feel I might update this with the way the world/economy is going. I still have my 2013 Edge that I purchased certified pre-owned years ago and currently have 113k miles on it with no desire to trade it in. She has a 6 cly and gets up and moves! My sister has a 4 cyl turbo, 2021 Edge, but you can feel the lack of power as you enter the freeway, not to mention the annoying auto-shutoff that you can override but you have to do that at each start up. Food for thought. Gas mileage is great on hers until one needs the power of a bigger engine. Picture semi in the lane as you enter the highway. Trade off is one's own decision. Anyway, still have not put much money into mine outside of the basics. Although, ride is getting a bit worn. I believe the shocks are going and I might have those replaced. Interior and dash is dated but still comfy and looks great after a good cleaning! Just don't expect to link anything up to it through the infocenter. It was horrible a decade ago! LOL! The room in the back is still great for passengers and available cargo area has never failed me. The 2nd row seats fold 90% flat with just a flick of a handle. It has hauled everything I needed for close to a decade. Gas mileage still averages around 23-25/gal depending on my lead foot and my agitation with distracted drivers. LOL. BTW, I am 6'5 and still 220#, this is a great vehicle if you're tall. BUT...the front window supports and rearview mirror do present a considerable blind spot. You just have to bow forward a bit to make sure the coast is clear. It's a small trade-off for an otherwise great vehicle. The Edge also really hates punching it from a dead stop. It's great if you're already in motion. She will respond accordingly. She'll drop a gear and disappear! But from a dead stop, not so much,...there's a bit of a lag in the transmission that will more often than not make one reconsider their decision on going or wait for another opening in traffic, if you get my meaning. I hope this review assists anyone that can find this ride. It IS a great vehicle. Yes, it is dated, but still worth the money, IMHO. Hope better times are on the horizon for us all. Green lights and blue skies!
Report abuse

Used 2014 Ford Edge in Springfield, IL Values

Estimated values
2014 Ford Edge Limited 4dr SUV AWD (3.5L 6cyl 6A) with no options
ConditionTrade-InPrivate PartyDealer Retail
Outstanding$5,277$7,887$9,479
Clean$5,013$7,469$8,949
Average$4,574$6,773$8,065
Rough$4,002$5,867$6,915

The average list price of a used 2014 Ford Edge in Springfield, Illinois is $11,560. The average mileage on a used Ford Edge 2014 for sale in Springfield, Illinois is 119,611. Based on the average mileage of 119,611 for used 2014 Ford Edge for sale in Springfield, IL and using an average vehicle condition rating, which means the vehicle may have a few mechanical and/or cosmetic problems and may require a considerable amount of reconditioning, we appraise the average trade-in value of a used Ford Edge 2014 in Springfield, Illinois to be $4,574.

Filters
Skip to Results

Applied Filters4Active

Select Buying Experience

Location

Search radius500 miles
Search radius

Make & Model

Year

New / Used

Price & Payments

Price Rating

Body Type

Trim

Mileage

Accidents & History

Engine & Drivetrain

Exterior Color

Interior Color

Total Seating

Edmunds Review

Features

Options & Packages

MPG

Listing Details


* Delivery of any kind does not apply to Alaska and Hawaii. Contact the dealer for delivery details, restrictions and costs.