Skip to main content
Skip to Filters
2,325 listings
  • Price Drop
    • 99,389 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 5 Seats, 20 City / 28 Hwy MPG
    • DriveTime of Toledo (183 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Power Driver Seat
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    Close

    Located in Toledo, OH / 183 miles away from Cincinnati, OH

    Shop at DriveTime: Get started on your personalized car-buying journey today. With no credit impact, you can get approved for your real, personalized ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    23 Combined MPG (20 City/28 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 2FMTK4J92FBB11566
    Stock: 1420074441
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 05-12-2025

    • 97,531 miles
    • No accidents, 4 owners, corporate fleet vehicle
    • 5 Seats, 18 City / 25 Hwy MPG
    • CarMax (In-stock online)
    • Transfer available from CO to OH*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Leather Seats
    • Power Driver Seat
    Close

    Located in Colorado Springs, CO / 1,082 miles away from Cincinnati, OH

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    21 Combined MPG (18 City/25 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 2FMDK4KC7DBE32773
    Stock: 27247483
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

    • 149,542 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use only
    • 5 Seats, 18 City / 25 Hwy MPG
    • Smith and Stanke Auto Sales (192 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Power Driver Seat
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • Parking sensors
    Close

    Located in Sturgis, MI / 192 miles away from Cincinnati, OH

    2013 FORD EDGE SEL AWD 6 SPEED AUTOMATIC 3.5L V-6 POWER HEATED FRONT BUCKET SEATS KEYLESS ENTRY BACK UP REAR CAMERA REAR FOLD DOWN SPLIT BENCH SEATS T...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    21 Combined MPG (18 City/25 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 2FMDK4JC9DBA39343
    Stock: A39343
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 04-06-2025

    • 124,584 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use only
    • 5 Seats, 18 City / 25 Hwy MPG
    • Pelham's Auto Sales & Service (198 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Adrian, MI / 198 miles away from Cincinnati, OH

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    21 Combined MPG (18 City/25 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 2FMDK4JC9DBC91805
    Stock: 58091
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 09-08-2023

  • New Listing
    • 180,911 miles
    • No accidents, 3 owners, rental vehicle
    • 5 Seats, 18 City / 25 Hwy MPG
    • Driveway (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Leather Seats
    • Power Driver Seat
    Close

    Located in Billings, MT / 1,305 miles away from Cincinnati, OH

    CarFax No Accidents Reported,Rare Find,Back-Up Camera,Heated Seats,Leather Seats,Premium Sound,Satellite Radio,4-Wheel Disc Brakes,6-Speed A/T,A/C,ABS...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    21 Combined MPG (18 City/25 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 2FMDK4KC0DBC50087
    Stock: 53670
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

    • 93,044 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 5 Seats, 19 City / 27 Hwy MPG
    • CarMax (In-stock online)
    • Transfer available from TN to OH*
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Leather Seats
    • Power Driver Seat
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    Close

    Located in Madison, TN / 226 miles away from Cincinnati, OH

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    22 Combined MPG (19 City/27 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 2FMDK3KC8DBB57263
    Stock: 25203608
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

    • 90,266 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 5 Seats, 19 City / 27 Hwy MPG
    • CarMax (In-stock online)
    • Transfer available from TX to OH*
    • Bluetooth
    • Power Driver Seat
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • Parking sensors
    • USB Inputs
    Close

    Located in Houston, TX / 894 miles away from Cincinnati, OH

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    22 Combined MPG (19 City/27 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 2FMDK3JC0DBE33310
    Stock: 26821096
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

    • 134,271 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use
    • 5 Seats, 17 City / 23 Hwy MPG
    • Yoder Ford (159 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Leather Seats
    • Power Driver Seat
    Close

    Located in Garrett, IN / 159 miles away from Cincinnati, OH

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    19 Combined MPG (17 City/23 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 2FMDK4AK8DBC70791
    Stock: 2579R
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 04-16-2025

  • $7,999
    great price
    $3,914 below market
    • 103,825 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, corporate fleet vehicle
    • 5 Seats, 19 City / 27 Hwy MPG
    • Zamax Auto (41 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Germantown, OH / 41 miles away from Cincinnati, OH

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    22 Combined MPG (19 City/27 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 2FMDK3JCXEBA06878
    Stock: A06878
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 09-11-2024

    • 34,255 miles
    • No accidents, 3 owners, personal use
    • 5 Seats, 18 City / 25 Hwy MPG
    • Auto Martt (97 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • Trip Computer
    • Rear Bench Seats
    • Stability Control
    Close

    Located in Harrodsburg, KY / 97 miles away from Cincinnati, OH

    JUST ARRIVED! 2013 Ford Edge SE AWD 4dr Crossover SERVICED AND DETAILED! Stop in and see us! We offer competitive rates (with approved credit) and...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    21 Combined MPG (18 City/25 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 2FMDK4GC7DBB59035
    Stock: D3174
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 05-22-2025

    • 123,884 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, corporate fleet vehicle
    • 5 Seats, 18 City / 25 Hwy MPG
    • Marlar Auto Mart (179 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Leather Seats
    • Power Driver Seat
    Close

    Located in Oneida, TN / 179 miles away from Cincinnati, OH

    Cruise around town in style with this sleek and shiny 2013 Silver Ford Edge! With a powerful 3.5L Ti-VCT V6 engine under the hood and all-wheel drive ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    21 Combined MPG (18 City/25 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 2FMDK4KC4DBE03165
    Stock: DBE03165
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 08-08-2024

    • 132,146 miles
    • No accidents, 4 owners, rental vehicle
    • 5 Seats, 18 City / 25 Hwy MPG
    • Driveway (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Leather Seats
    • Power Driver Seat
    Close

    Located in Springfield, OR / 2,000 miles away from Cincinnati, OH

    CarFax No Accidents Reported,Rare Find,Back-Up Camera,Bluetooth,Chrome Wheels,Heated Seats,Leather Seats,Premium Sound,Satellite Radio,4-Wheel Disc Br...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    21 Combined MPG (18 City/25 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 2FMDK4KC2DBB65929
    Stock: VTB65929
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

    • 172,350 miles
    • No accidents, 3 owners, corporate fleet vehicle
    • 5 Seats, 18 City / 25 Hwy MPG
    • Woodville Auto Finance, LLC. (182 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Power Driver Seat
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • Parking sensors
    Close

    Located in Northwood, OH / 182 miles away from Cincinnati, OH

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    21 Combined MPG (18 City/25 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 2FMDK4JC4DBC62535
    Stock: C62535
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 09-25-2024

    • 235,199 miles
    • No accidents, 5 owners, personal use
    • 5 Seats, 19 City / 27 Hwy MPG
    • Bart's Car Store-Columbia City (149 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Leather Seats
    • Power Driver Seat
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    Close

    Located in Columbia City, IN / 149 miles away from Cincinnati, OH

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    22 Combined MPG (19 City/27 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 2FMDK3KC6BBA99568
    Stock: 102627B
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 04-17-2025

    • 64,700 miles
    • No accidents, 4 owners, corporate fleet vehicle
    • 5 Seats, 18 City / 25 Hwy MPG
    • Carcenteronline (191 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • Trip Computer
    • Rear Bench Seats
    • Stability Control
    Close

    Located in Elkhart, IN / 191 miles away from Cincinnati, OH

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    21 Combined MPG (18 City/25 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 2FMDK4GC7DBB07047
    Stock: B07047
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 06-25-2024

    • 110,455 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, corporate fleet vehicle
    • 5 Seats, 18 City / 25 Hwy MPG
    • Evans Motors (181 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Leather Seats
    • Power Driver Seat
    Close

    Located in Evansville, IN / 181 miles away from Cincinnati, OH

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: Yes

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    21 Combined MPG (18 City/25 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 2FMDK4KC9DBA76892
    Stock: 6872
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 10-02-2024

    • 147,548 miles
    • Frame damage reported, 3 owners, corporate fleet vehicle
    • 5 Seats, 18 City / 25 Hwy MPG
    • 5 Star Motors 3 (83 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • Trip Computer
    • Rear Bench Seats
    • Stability Control
    Close

    Located in Louisville, KY / 83 miles away from Cincinnati, OH

    Visit 5 Star Motors online at 5starmotorspreston.com to see more pictures of this vehicle or call us at 5**-2**-6*** today to schedule your test ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Issue reported

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: Yes

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    21 Combined MPG (18 City/25 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 2FMDK4GC1DBB51464
    Stock: B51464
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 04-30-2025

    • 100,984 miles
    • Frame damage reported, 2 owners, corporate fleet vehicle
    • 5 Seats, 19 City / 27 Hwy MPG
    • Premium Motor Sales (89 mi away)
    • Bluetooth
    • Power Driver Seat
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • Parking sensors
    • USB Inputs
    Close

    Located in Louisville, KY / 89 miles away from Cincinnati, OH

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Issue reported

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: Yes

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    22 Combined MPG (19 City/27 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 2FMDK3JC0DBC43149
    Stock: C43149
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

    • 107,851 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, corporate fleet vehicle
    • 5 Seats, 18 City / 25 Hwy MPG
    • Bryan Auto Depot (165 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Leather Seats
    • Power Driver Seat
    Close

    Located in Bryan, OH / 165 miles away from Cincinnati, OH

    LOADED WITH IT ALL THE STUFF , EXTRA NICE

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    20 Combined MPG (18 City/25 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 2FMDK4KCXBBB47367
    Stock: B47367
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 02-24-2025

  • Price Drop
    • 100,153 miles
    • Frame damage reported, 4 owners, corporate fleet vehicle
    • 5 Seats, 18 City / 25 Hwy MPG
    • Lee Kinstle GM Sales & Service (121 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Power Driver Seat
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • Parking sensors
    Close

    Located in Van Wert, OH / 121 miles away from Cincinnati, OH

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Issue reported

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: Yes

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    21 Combined MPG (18 City/25 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 2FMDK4JC7DBA49062
    Stock: A9794
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 01-16-2025

    • 92,888 miles
    • 1 accident, 2 owners, personal use only
    • 5 Seats, 19 City / 27 Hwy MPG
    • CarMax (In-stock online)
    • Transfer available from TX to OH*
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Power Driver Seat
    Close

    Located in Irving, TX / 815 miles away from Cincinnati, OH

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    22 Combined MPG (19 City/27 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 2FMDK3JC8DBE18022
    Stock: 26499185
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

Showing 127 - 147 out of 2,325 listings

Consumer Reviews for the Ford Edge

Read recent reviews for the Ford Edge
Overall Consumer Rating
3.8 out of 5 stars35 Reviews
Write a vehicle reviewSee all 35 reviews
  • 5 star
    (46%)
  • 4 star
    (14%)
  • 3 star
    (20%)
  • 2 star
    (14%)
  • 1 star
    (6%)
5 out of 5 stars

Wrecked it 7 Months Later, SAFE

Ashley, 01/21/2016
2012 Ford Edge Limited 4dr SUV (3.5L 6cyl 6A)
I have been in 3 wrecks in the past 18 months, and just wrecked my Ford Edge, halloween weekend, October 2015. My father insisted I buy another Ford Edge after my month was up with my rental just because of how horrible of a driver I am and the safety and durability of the Ford Edge. He insisted I buy a new Edge though because of all the issues that could possibly go wrong, buy new with … a warranty. First used car and Ford I have ever bought. I bought it back in April 2015 with very few miles on it (around 30k/40k), it had never been in a wreck before me. I wrecked it with 70k/80k miles on it (travel a lot). It had everything updated and checked before I purchased it through the dealership. Never had any issues with it except the pano sunroof, the weather strip came off and I wasn't aware of it until it rained one day. Did no damage, the dealership fixed it with no hassle. And I was aware of the many issues it had before I bought it and the issues it gave the owner before me and they fixed all the issues and even put new tires on it. Apparently the driver door signal would always say it was open when it wasn't. The signal for the engine stayed on. But it never gave me any issues within the 7 months I owned it. The only thing I didn't like about it was the slow acceleration. It was very comfortable, the backseat and cargo was spacious in my opinion, I don't have any kids though. The sound system and the pano sunroof was my favorite thing about it. Im a female in my early 20's and all my friends loved it too. However, in all the wrecks I have been in, in all the different Makes, my Ford Edge, was by far the nastiest wreck (and the safest, thanks to its durability)!! I wrecked a Chevy back in March 2014, 4 car pile up on the hwy and the airbags never deployed. NOT RELIABLE. I wrecked a Kia back in Jan 2015, I was hit driver side that literally crumbled the whole driver side. CHEAP. I wrecked the Ford back in Oct 2015, head on collision causing a 4 car pile up. SAFE.
Report abuse

Used 2015 Ford Edge in Cincinnati, OH Values

Estimated values
2015 Ford Edge SEL 4dr SUV AWD (2.0L 4cyl Turbo 6A) with no options
ConditionTrade-InPrivate PartyDealer Retail
Outstanding$6,690$9,212$10,866
Clean$6,378$8,762$10,312
Average$5,857$8,012$9,389
Rough$5,180$7,037$8,189

The average list price of a used 2015 Ford Edge in Cincinnati, Ohio is $11,478. The average mileage on a used Ford Edge 2015 for sale in Cincinnati, Ohio is 118,846. Based on the average mileage of 118,846 for used 2015 Ford Edge for sale in Cincinnati, OH and using an average vehicle condition rating, which means the vehicle may have a few mechanical and/or cosmetic problems and may require a considerable amount of reconditioning, we appraise the average trade-in value of a used Ford Edge 2015 in Cincinnati, Ohio to be $5,857.

Filters
Skip to Results

Applied Filters4Active

Select Buying Experience

Location

Search radius200 miles
Search radius

Make & Model

Year

New / Used

Price & Payments

Price Rating

Body Type

Trim

Mileage

Accidents & History

Engine & Drivetrain

Exterior Color

Interior Color

Total Seating

Edmunds Review

Features

Options & Packages

MPG

Listing Details


* Delivery of any kind does not apply to Alaska and Hawaii. Contact the dealer for delivery details, restrictions and costs.