Skip to main content
Skip to Filters
1,179 listings
  • $22,565
    great price
    $2,239 below market
    • 3,224 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 5 Seats, 27 City / 34 Hwy MPG
    • Beaman GMC (38 mi away)
    • Home delivery*
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Upgraded Headlights
    • Blind Spot Monitorin...
    Close

    Located in Antioch, TN / 38 miles away from Columbia, TN

    **LIFETIME POWERTRAIN WARRANTY ASK FOR DETAILS**, **CLEAN HISTORY REPORT**, **ONE OWNER**, Escape Active, Agate Black Metallic, Ebony Black Cloth, 10-...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    30 Combined MPG (27 City/34 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1FMCU0GN3PUB13720
    Stock: APUB13720
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 04-22-2025

  • $18,397
    great price
    $3,070 below market
    • 38,390 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use
    • 5 Seats, 28 City / 34 Hwy MPG
    • EchoPark Automotive Nashville (43 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Blind Spot Monitorin...
    Close

    Located in Nashville, TN / 43 miles away from Columbia, TN

    At EchoPark, it’s all about offering you options for a happy experience. We have thousands of new-to-you makes and models that range from sedans to tr...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    30 Combined MPG (28 City/34 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1FMCU0G6XNUA26564
    Stock: PNUA26564
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 04-03-2025

  • Price Drop
    $18,497
    great price
    $2,853 below market
    • 43,767 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, rental vehicle
    • 5 Seats, 27 City / 34 Hwy MPG
    • EchoPark Automotive Nashville (43 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Upgraded Headlights
    • Blind Spot Monitorin...
    Close

    Located in Nashville, TN / 43 miles away from Columbia, TN

    At EchoPark, it’s all about offering you options for a happy experience. We have thousands of new-to-you makes and models that range from sedans to tr...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    30 Combined MPG (27 City/34 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1FMCU0MN8PUA09115
    Stock: RPUA09115
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 04-11-2025

  • $18,597
    great price
    $2,563 below market
    • 46,044 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, rental vehicle
    • 5 Seats, 27 City / 34 Hwy MPG
    • EchoPark Automotive Nashville (43 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Upgraded Headlights
    • Blind Spot Monitorin...
    Close

    Located in Nashville, TN / 43 miles away from Columbia, TN

    At EchoPark, it’s all about offering you options for a happy experience. We have thousands of new-to-you makes and models that range from sedans to tr...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    30 Combined MPG (27 City/34 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1FMCU0MN4PUA06244
    Stock: RPUA06244
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 04-02-2025

  • Price Drop
    $21,986
    great price
    $2,337 below market
    • 27,407 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, rental vehicle
    • 5 Seats, 27 City / 34 Hwy MPG
    • Crest Honda (43 mi away)
    • Five Star Dealer
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Upgraded Headlights
    • Blind Spot Monitorin...
    Close

    Located in Nashville, TN / 43 miles away from Columbia, TN

    ENGINE: 1.5L ECOBOOST -inc: auto start-stop technology (STD), Wing Spoiler, Wheels: 18" Rock Metallic Painted Aluminum, Vinyl/Cloth Front Sport Contou...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    30 Combined MPG (27 City/34 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1FMCU0MN3RUA14452
    Stock: BRUA14452
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 04-01-2025

  • $21,297
    good price
    $1,958 below market
    • 44,379 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, rental vehicle
    • 5 Seats, 26 City / 32 Hwy MPG
    • Crest Honda (43 mi away)
    • Five Star Dealer
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Upgraded Headlights
    Close

    Located in Nashville, TN / 43 miles away from Columbia, TN

    ENGINE: 1.5L ECOBOOST -inc: auto start-stop technology (STD), Wing Spoiler, Wheels: 18" Rock Metallic Painted Aluminum, Vinyl/Cloth Front Sport Contou...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    28 Combined MPG (26 City/32 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1FMCU9MN5PUA45025
    Stock: BPUA45025
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 04-17-2025

  • $17,125
    good price
    $1,835 below market
    • 77,210 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, rental vehicle
    • 5 Seats, 26 City / 31 Hwy MPG
    • Murfreesboro Hyundai (40 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Blind Spot Monitorin...
    Close

    Located in Murfreesboro, TN / 40 miles away from Columbia, TN

    2021 Blue Metallic 4D Sport Utility Ford Escape SEL 1.5L EcoBoost AWD 8-Speed AutomaticEXCLUSIVE LIFETIME WARRANTY!!18" Machined-Face Aluminum Whe...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    28 Combined MPG (26 City/31 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1FMCU9H69MUA65373
    Stock: XMUA65373
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 04-28-2025

  • $18,998
    good price
    $1,587 below market
    • 42,355 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, corporate fleet vehicle
    • 5 Seats, 28 City / 34 Hwy MPG
    • CarMax Nashville (38 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Blind Spot Monitorin...
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    Close

    Located in Nashville, TN / 38 miles away from Columbia, TN

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    30 Combined MPG (28 City/34 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1FMCU0G6XNUB54450
    Stock: 27156077
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • Price Drop
    $17,247
    good price
    $1,285 below market
    • 49,387 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, corporate fleet vehicle
    • 5 Seats, 44 City / 37 Hwy MPG
    • EchoPark Automotive Nashville (43 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Blind Spot Monitorin...
    • Power Driver Seat
    Close

    Located in Nashville, TN / 43 miles away from Columbia, TN

    At EchoPark, it’s all about offering you options for a happy experience. We have thousands of new-to-you makes and models that range from sedans to tr...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    41 Combined MPG (44 City/37 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1FMCU0BZ4LUA84331
    Stock: PLUA84331
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 04-15-2025

  • $20,998
    fair price
    $173 below market
    • 45,008 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, corporate fleet vehicle
    • 5 Seats, 27 City / 34 Hwy MPG
    • CarMax Cool Springs (26 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Upgraded Headlights
    • Blind Spot Monitorin...
    Close

    Located in Franklin, TN / 26 miles away from Columbia, TN

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    30 Combined MPG (27 City/34 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1FMCU0GN0PUA27118
    Stock: 27155893
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • $24,694
    good price
    $1,162 below market
    • 13,444 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use
    • 5 Seats, 26 City / 31 Hwy MPG
    • Ford of Murfreesboro (40 mi away)
    • Home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in Murfreesboro, TN / 40 miles away from Columbia, TN

    2022 Ford Escape SECARFAX One-Owner. Clean CARFAX.NAVIGATION, BACK UP CAMERA, SYNC EQUIPPED, LOW MILES, 4x4/AWD, CLEAN CARFAX, CERTIFIED, ONE OWNER,...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    28 Combined MPG (26 City/31 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1FMCU9G69NUB58462
    Stock: P8754
    Certified Pre-Owned: Yes
    Listed since: 05-13-2025

  • $16,998
    fair price
    $882 above market
    • 79,306 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, corporate fleet vehicle
    • 5 Seats, 22 City / 28 Hwy MPG
    • CarMax Cool Springs (26 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Power Driver Seat
    Close

    Located in Franklin, TN / 26 miles away from Columbia, TN

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    24 Combined MPG (22 City/28 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1FMCU9GD7KUC37977
    Stock: 27167411
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • Price Drop
    $11,797
    fair price
    $615 below market
    • 73,499 miles
    • No accidents, 3 owners, corporate fleet vehicle
    • 5 Seats, 23 City / 30 Hwy MPG
    • EchoPark Automotive Nashville (43 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Blind Spot Monitorin...
    • Power Driver Seat
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    Close

    Located in Nashville, TN / 43 miles away from Columbia, TN

    At EchoPark, it’s all about offering you options for a happy experience. We have thousands of new-to-you makes and models that range from sedans to tr...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    26 Combined MPG (23 City/30 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1FMCU0GD8HUE77317
    Stock: CHUE77317
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 05-09-2025

  • $18,998
    fair price
    $587 above market
    • 48,959 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, corporate fleet vehicle
    • 5 Seats, 27 City / 33 Hwy MPG
    • CarMax Murfreesboro (37 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Blind Spot Monitorin...
    • Power Driver Seat
    Close

    Located in Murfreesboro, TN / 37 miles away from Columbia, TN

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    30 Combined MPG (27 City/33 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1FMCU0G69LUC41091
    Stock: 27436394
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • $22,315
    good price
    $1,757 below market
    • 23,134 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 5 Seats, 27 City / 34 Hwy MPG
    • Beaman GMC (38 mi away)
    • Home delivery*
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Upgraded Headlights
    • Blind Spot Monitorin...
    Close

    Located in Antioch, TN / 38 miles away from Columbia, TN

    **CLEAN HISTORY REPORT**, Escape ST-Line, Carbonized Gray Metallic, Adaptive Cruise Control w/Stop-and-Go, Connected Navigation, Equipment Group 300A,...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    30 Combined MPG (27 City/34 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1FMCU0MN3RUA06349
    Stock: ARUA06349
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 04-11-2025

  • New Listing
    $27,313
    fair price
    $660 below market
    • 10,076 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 5 Seats, 42 City / 36 Hwy MPG
    • Ford of Murfreesboro (40 mi away)
    • Home delivery*
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Upgraded Headlights
    • Blind Spot Monitorin...
    Close

    Located in Murfreesboro, TN / 40 miles away from Columbia, TN

    2023 Ford Escape Hybrid ST-LineClean CARFAX.BACK UP CAMERA, SYNC EQUIPPED, LOW MILES, CLEAN CARFAX, CERTIFIED, *LIFETIME POWERTRAIN WARRANTY*, 2.5L ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    39 Combined MPG (42 City/36 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1FMCU0MZ3PUB28712
    Stock: P8763
    Certified Pre-Owned: Yes
    Listed since: 05-27-2025

  • Price Drop
    $20,826
    good price
    $1,288 below market
    • 34,150 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use
    • 5 Seats, 28 City / 34 Hwy MPG
    • Ford of Murfreesboro (40 mi away)
    • Home delivery*
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Blind Spot Monitorin...
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    Close

    Located in Murfreesboro, TN / 40 miles away from Columbia, TN

    2022 Ford Escape SECARFAX One-Owner. Clean CARFAX.BACK UP CAMERA, SYNC EQUIPPED, LOW MILES, CLEAN CARFAX, CERTIFIED, ONE OWNER, *LIFETIME POWERTRAIN...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    30 Combined MPG (28 City/34 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1FMCU0G67NUB26329
    Stock: P8758
    Certified Pre-Owned: Yes
    Listed since: 05-13-2025

  • $15,000
    fair price
    $633 above market
    • 61,916 miles
    • 1 accident, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 5 Seats, 22 City / 28 Hwy MPG
    • Greenway Kia of Franklin (25 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Leather Seats
    • Power Driver Seat
    Close

    Located in Franklin, TN / 25 miles away from Columbia, TN

    2018 Ford Escape SEL White GoldCall 615-224-7973 for your best deal today! This vehicle has been through an extensive multi point inspection . All nec...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    24 Combined MPG (22 City/28 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1FMCU9HD5JUC27087
    Stock: JUC27087
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 04-16-2025

  • $31,773
    fair price
    $285 above market
    • 5,403 miles
    • No accidents, personal use only
    • 5 Seats, 26 City / 32 Hwy MPG
    • Ford of Murfreesboro (40 mi away)
    • Home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Upgraded Headlights
    Close

    Located in Murfreesboro, TN / 40 miles away from Columbia, TN

    2025 Ford Escape ST-Line AWD 1.5L EcoBoost 8-Speed Automatic Silver MetallicAWD.This vehicle includes the following features and options: Cold Weath...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    28 Combined MPG (26 City/32 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1FMCU9MN4SUA01574
    Stock: UA01574
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 10-16-2024

  • $20,881
    fair price
    $681 below market
    • 53,444 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, rental vehicle
    • 5 Seats, 26 City / 32 Hwy MPG
    • City Auto Mitsubishi (39 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in Murfreesboro, TN / 39 miles away from Columbia, TN

    Vehicle DetailsIntroducing the 2023 Ford Escape Active with AWD—a dynamic blend of style, performance, and cutting-edge technology. This Certi...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    28 Combined MPG (26 City/32 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1FMCU9GN2PUA33250
    Stock: 510239
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 05-16-2025

  • $25,739
    fair price
    $245 above market
    • 22,426 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, rental vehicle
    • 5 Seats, 26 City / 32 Hwy MPG
    • Murfreesboro Hyundai (40 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Upgraded Headlights
    Close

    Located in Murfreesboro, TN / 40 miles away from Columbia, TN

    2024 Race Red 4D Sport Utility Ford Escape Active 1.5L EcoBoost AWD 8-Speed AutomaticEXCLUSIVE LIFETIME WARRANTY!!, AM/FM radio: SiriusXM, Auto High...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    28 Combined MPG (26 City/32 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1FMCU9GN2RUA66137
    Stock: ARUA66137
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 05-01-2025

Showing 1 - 21 out of 1,179 listings
Filters
Skip to Results

Applied Filters4Active

Select Buying Experience

Location

Search radius50 miles
Search radius

Make & Model

Year

New / Used

Price & Payments

Price Rating

Body Type

Trim

Mileage

Accidents & History

EV Details

Engine & Drivetrain

Exterior Color

Interior Color

Total Seating

Edmunds Review

Features

Options & Packages

MPG

Listing Details


* Delivery of any kind does not apply to Alaska and Hawaii. Contact the dealer for delivery details, restrictions and costs.