Skip to main content
Skip to Filters
324 listings
    • 62,279 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, rental vehicle
    • 30 City / 38 Hwy MPG
    • World Car Kia New Braunfels (240 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • USB Inputs
    • Apple Carplay/Androi...
    Close

    Located in New Braunfels, TX / 240 miles away from McAllen, TX

    Keyless Entry, Cruise Control, Bluetooth, Android Auto/Apple CarPlay, Heated Side Mirrors, 15" Aluminum Wheels, Rear Camera, ABS brakes, Alloy Wheels,...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    33 Combined MPG (30 City/38 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: KL8CD6SA8MC722291
    Stock: T722291
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 06-11-2025

  • $14,998
    fair price
    $898 above market
    • 25,640 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 30 City / 38 Hwy MPG
    • CarMax (In-stock online)
    • Transfer available from CA to TX*
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • USB Inputs
    • Apple Carplay/Androi...
    Close

    Located in Fairfield, CA / 1,616 miles away from McAllen, TX

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: Yes

    Features and Specs:

    33 Combined MPG (30 City/38 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: KL8CB6SA2MC701166
    Stock: 27296483
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

    • 40,032 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, corporate fleet vehicle
    • 30 City / 38 Hwy MPG
    • CarMax (In-stock online)
    • Transfer available from WA to TX*
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • USB Inputs
    • Apple Carplay/Androi...
    Close

    Located in Lynnwood, WA / 1,982 miles away from McAllen, TX

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: Yes

    Features and Specs:

    33 Combined MPG (30 City/38 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: KL8CB6SA8HC722271
    Stock: 27454818
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • Price Drop
    $12,702
    fair price
    $584 below market
    • 62,082 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, rental vehicle
    • 30 City / 38 Hwy MPG
    • Enterprise Car Sales (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • USB Inputs
    • Apple Carplay/Androi...
    Close

    Located in Sanford, FL / 1,051 miles away from McAllen, TX

    Transfer of vehicle from another location to your neighborhood Enterprise Car Sales may require payment of a non-refundable transfer fee to begin the ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    33 Combined MPG (30 City/38 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: KL8CD6SA9MC216193
    Stock: 7VS6DM
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 04-09-2025

    • 69,281 miles
    • 1 accident, 2 owners, personal use only
    • 30 City / 38 Hwy MPG
    • Emmons Motor Company (298 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • USB Inputs
    • Apple Carplay/Androi...
    Close

    Located in Webster, TX / 298 miles away from McAllen, TX

    Disclaimer TO BEST SERVE OUR CUSTOMERS PLEASE CALL TO SCHEDULE AN APPOINTMENT!!!!! All of our vehicles have been rigorously inspected and are worry-fr...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    33 Combined MPG (30 City/38 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: KL8CD6SA0MC731454
    Stock: 49872
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 06-27-2025

    • 62,174 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, rental vehicle
    • 30 City / 38 Hwy MPG
    • CarMax (In-stock online)
    • Transfer available from AZ to TX*
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • USB Inputs
    • Apple Carplay/Androi...
    Close

    Located in Scottsdale, AZ / 965 miles away from McAllen, TX

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    33 Combined MPG (30 City/38 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: KL8CD6SA3MC734753
    Stock: 27206640
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • New Listing
    Stock photo**
    $13,437
    fair price
    $13 below market
    • 57,850 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, corporate fleet vehicle
    • 30 City / 38 Hwy MPG
    • Hixson Ford Lincoln of Leesville (452 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • USB Inputs
    • Apple Carplay/Androi...
    Close

    Located in Leesville, LA / 452 miles away from McAllen, TX

    Mosaic Black Metallic 2021 Chevrolet Spark 1LT FWD CVT 1.4L DOHC LOCAL TRADE, NON SMOKER, DETAILED, OIL CHANGE, NEW TIRES, NEW BRAKES, APPLE CARPLAY, ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    33 Combined MPG (30 City/38 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: KL8CD6SA2MC226676
    Stock: 226676
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 07-25-2025

  • New Listing
    • 64,999 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, rental vehicle
    • 30 City / 38 Hwy MPG
    • Enterprise Car Sales (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • USB Inputs
    • Apple Carplay/Androi...
    Close

    Located in Beaverton, OR / 1,902 miles away from McAllen, TX

    Transfer of vehicle from another location to your neighborhood Enterprise Car Sales may require payment of a non-refundable transfer fee to begin the ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: Yes

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    33 Combined MPG (30 City/38 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: KL8CD6SA4MC743980
    Stock: 7VM5G7
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 07-15-2025

    • 124,996 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 30 City / 38 Hwy MPG
    • Fredy Kia (300 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • USB Inputs
    • Apple Carplay/Androi...
    Close

    Located in Houston, TX / 300 miles away from McAllen, TX

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    33 Combined MPG (30 City/38 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: KL8CD6SA6HC823559
    Stock: T823559
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 06-06-2025

    • 74,747 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, rental vehicle
    • 30 City / 38 Hwy MPG
    • Carvana (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • USB Inputs
    • Apple Carplay/Androi...
    Close

    Located in Portland, OR / 1,896 miles away from McAllen, TX

    At Carvana, we go miles beyond the extra mile. That's why we provide you with a convenient, fast, and hassle-free car buying experience that puts you ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    33 Combined MPG (30 City/38 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: KL8CD6SA6MC216782
    Stock: 2003782077
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 06-19-2025

  • New Listing
    • 7,498 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use only
    • 30 City / 38 Hwy MPG
    • CarMax (In-stock online)
    • Transfer available from FL to TX*
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • USB Inputs
    • Apple Carplay/Androi...
    Close

    Located in Pompano Beach, FL / 1,120 miles away from McAllen, TX

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    33 Combined MPG (30 City/38 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: KL8CD6SAXHC809745
    Stock: 27514311
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • Price Drop
    • 9,690 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 30 City / 38 Hwy MPG
    • CarMax (In-stock online)
    • Transfer available from MO to TX*
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • USB Inputs
    • Apple Carplay/Androi...
    Close

    Located in Springfield, MO / 815 miles away from McAllen, TX

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    33 Combined MPG (30 City/38 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: KL8CB6SA3HC812315
    Stock: 27525522
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • New Listing
    • 3,387 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 30 City / 38 Hwy MPG
    • CarMax (In-stock online)
    • Transfer available from GA to TX*
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • USB Inputs
    • Apple Carplay/Androi...
    Close

    Located in Norcross, GA / 995 miles away from McAllen, TX

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    33 Combined MPG (30 City/38 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: KL8CD6SAXMC217711
    Stock: 26274728
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

    • 11,273 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 30 City / 38 Hwy MPG
    • Carvana (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • USB Inputs
    • Apple Carplay/Androi...
    Close

    Located in St. Louis, MO / 977 miles away from McAllen, TX

    At Carvana, we go miles beyond the extra mile. That's why we provide you with a convenient, fast, and hassle-free car buying experience that puts you ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    33 Combined MPG (30 City/38 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: KL8CB6SA7MC741839
    Stock: 2003855611
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 06-28-2025

  • New Listing
    • 10,611 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 30 City / 38 Hwy MPG
    • CarMax (In-stock online)
    • Transfer available from MO to TX*
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • USB Inputs
    Close

    Located in Saint Peters, MO / 976 miles away from McAllen, TX

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    33 Combined MPG (30 City/38 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: KL8CD6SA8MC227346
    Stock: 27525796
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • Stock photo**
    • 43,873 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, corporate fleet vehicle
    • 30 City / 38 Hwy MPG
    • Auto Mall 59 (293 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • USB Inputs
    • Apple Carplay/Androi...
    Close

    Located in Houston, TX / 293 miles away from McAllen, TX

    Call today to schedule your test drive. Start saving cash at the pump - this 2021 Spark has an EPA estimated fuel economy of 33 MPG combined. The rear...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    33 Combined MPG (30 City/38 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: KL8CB6SA1MC227050
    Stock: P69314
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 04-05-2025

    • 127,002 miles
    • 1 accident, 2 owners, rental vehicle
    • 30 City / 38 Hwy MPG
    • R&D Motors (286 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • USB Inputs
    • Apple Carplay/Androi...
    Close

    Located in Austin, TX / 286 miles away from McAllen, TX

    Sleak, Efficient, Red Chevrolet Spark LT 4-door Hatchback with Back-up Camera, Bluetooth Phone Connectivity, Tint, and Good Tread on Tires. Get into a...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: Yes

    Features and Specs:

    33 Combined MPG (30 City/38 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: KL8CD6SAXHC715865
    Stock: 715865
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 06-11-2025

    • 27,762 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use
    • 30 City / 38 Hwy MPG
    • Carvana (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Heated seats
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    Close

    Located in Richmond, VA / 1,440 miles away from McAllen, TX

    At Carvana, we go miles beyond the extra mile. That's why we provide you with a convenient, fast, and hassle-free car buying experience that puts you ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    33 Combined MPG (30 City/38 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: KL8CF6SA9MC706207
    Stock: 2003817626
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 06-26-2025

    • 30,958 miles
    • No accidents, 3 owners, personal use only
    • 31 City / 39 Hwy MPG, Manual
    • CarMax Garland (470 mi away)
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • Trip Computer
    • Rear Bench Seats
    • Stability Control
    • Aux Audio Inputs
    Close

    Located in Garland, TX / 470 miles away from McAllen, TX

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: Yes

    Features and Specs:

    34 Combined MPG (31 City/39 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: KL8CA6S95FC812967
    Stock: 27299183
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

    • 35,652 miles
    • No accidents, 4 owners, personal use only
    • 30 City / 38 Hwy MPG
    • CarMax (In-stock online)
    • Transfer available from AZ to TX*
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • USB Inputs
    • Apple Carplay/Androi...
    Close

    Located in Gilbert, AZ / 947 miles away from McAllen, TX

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: Yes

    Features and Specs:

    33 Combined MPG (30 City/38 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: KL8CD6SA0MC741515
    Stock: 27620103
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • New Listing
    • 36,189 miles
    • No accidents, 3 owners, personal use only
    • 30 City / 38 Hwy MPG
    • CarMax (In-stock online)
    • Transfer available from MS to TX*
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • USB Inputs
    • Apple Carplay/Androi...
    Close

    Located in Jackson, MS / 648 miles away from McAllen, TX

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    33 Combined MPG (30 City/38 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: KL8CB6SA6MC714163
    Stock: 27160181
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

Showing 169 - 189 out of 324 listings

Consumer Reviews for the Chevrolet Spark

Read recent reviews for the Chevrolet Spark
Overall Consumer Rating
4.6 out of 5 stars32 Reviews
Write a vehicle reviewSee all 32 reviews
  • 5 star
    (75%)
  • 4 star
    (16%)
  • 3 star
    (6%)
  • 2 star
    (3%)
  • 1 star
    (0%)
5 out of 5 stars

Granni got her a tiny car!

Kelli BaxterTanton, 10/19/2018
2019 Chevrolet Spark LS 4dr Hatchback (1.4L 4cyl CVT)
I have always driven mid size or larger vehicles. After driving a Fiat while my truck was in the shop I fell in love with the small car! After much research I chose the Spark. It is an excellent car for the money! I have an 80 mile commute to work 4 days a week. "Tiny" handles great on wet roads, plenty of room for me, she has 10 air bags so I feel as comfortable in it as I did my … Lacrosse. The backup camera is much sharper than in my 2016 Ram. Gas mileage is great! I was accustomed to spending 60.00 per week plus in the Ram. Now I spend 18.00-20.00. The only thing that I would change is the placement of the cup holders and cruise control.
Report abuse

Used 2021 Chevrolet Spark in McAllen, TX Values

Estimated values
2021 Chevrolet Spark 1LT 4dr Hatchback (1.4L 4cyl CVT) with no options
ConditionTrade-InPrivate PartyDealer Retail
Outstanding$10,003$12,444$14,895
Clean$9,723$12,085$14,454
Average$9,255$11,488$13,720
Rough$8,647$10,711$12,766

The average list price of a used 2021 Chevrolet Spark in McAllen, Texas is $13,992. The average mileage on a used Chevrolet Spark 2021 for sale in McAllen, Texas is 47,046. Based on the average mileage of 47,046 for used 2021 Chevrolet Spark for sale in McAllen, TX and using an average vehicle condition rating, which means the vehicle may have a few mechanical and/or cosmetic problems and may require a considerable amount of reconditioning, we appraise the average trade-in value of a used Chevrolet Spark 2021 in McAllen, Texas to be $9,255.

Filters
Skip to Results

Applied Filters4Active

Select Buying Experience

Location

Search radius500 miles
Search radius

Make & Model

Year

New / Used

Price & Payments

Price Rating

Trim

Mileage

Accidents & History

Engine & Drivetrain

Exterior Color

Interior Color

Total Seating

Edmunds Review

Features

Options & Packages

MPG

Listing Details


* Delivery of any kind does not apply to Alaska and Hawaii. Contact the dealer for delivery details, restrictions and costs.