Skip to main content
Skip to Filters
690 listings
    • 85,716 miles
    • No accidents, 3 owners, corporate fleet vehicle
    • 4cyl manual
    • Family First Auto Sales (440 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • USB Inputs
    • Apple Carplay/Androi...
    Close

    Located in Clarksville, TN / 440 miles away from Cedar Rapids, IA

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    33 Combined MPG (29 City/38 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: KL8CA6SA2HC840142
    Stock: F16916
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • New Listing
    • 70,802 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use
    • 4cyl automatic
    • LongHorn Auto Sales (206 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • USB Inputs
    • Apple Carplay/Androi...
    Close

    Located in Milwaukee, WI / 206 miles away from Cedar Rapids, IA

    Longhorn Auto Sales, LLC 1214 S 6th St. Milwaukee, WI 53204 Phone: 4**-6**-9*** Fax: 4**-6**-9*** www.longhornautowi.com SE HABLA ESPANOL Good Credit ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    33 Combined MPG (30 City/38 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: KL8CB6SA8KC711858
    Stock: L-711858
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 04-12-2025

    • 85,969 miles
    • Insurance loss reported, 2 owners, personal use only
    • 4cyl automatic
    • A&O Auto Plaza (250 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • USB Inputs
    • Apple Carplay/Androi...
    Close

    Located in Saint Louis, MO / 250 miles away from Cedar Rapids, IA

    Unleash the potential of our 2019 Chevrolet Spark LS Hatchback 4D with a mere 85929 miles, offering a pristine driving experience. This meticulously c...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Issue reported

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    33 Combined MPG (30 City/38 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: KL8CB6SA7KC747296
    Stock: 747296
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 08-21-2024

    • 88,082 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 4cyl automatic
    • Drive on Time Motors (466 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • USB Inputs
    • Apple Carplay/Androi...
    Close

    Located in Searcy, AR / 466 miles away from Cedar Rapids, IA

    **Every vehicle is eligible for an extended warranty. ** ALL ADVERTISED PRICES ARE CASH ONLY. PRICES DO NOT INCLUDE TAXLICENSEDEALER/ FINANCE FEES** ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    33 Combined MPG (30 City/38 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: KL8CD6SAXHC818073
    Stock: 818073
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 03-27-2025

    • 71,780 miles
    • Frame damage reported, 4 owners, corporate fleet vehicle
    • 4cyl automatic
    • Western Star Auto Sales (204 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • USB Inputs
    • Apple Carplay/Androi...
    Close

    Located in Chicago, IL / 204 miles away from Cedar Rapids, IA

    ? We Speak Your Language! No matter where you're from, we re here to assist you. Our team is fluent in Spanish, English, Polish, Ukrainian, and Russia...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Issue reported

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: Yes

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    33 Combined MPG (30 City/38 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: KL8CB6SA7HC734802
    Stock: ID D108
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 11-21-2023

  • $10,997
    great price
    $2,847 below market
    • 16,480 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 4cyl automatic
    • Carmatch (229 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • USB Inputs
    • Apple Carplay/Androi...
    Close

    Located in Omaha, NE / 229 miles away from Cedar Rapids, IA

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    33 Combined MPG (30 City/38 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: KL8CB6SA0LC428761
    Stock: ID 428761
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 02-08-2025

    • 28,723 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 4cyl automatic
    • Rightway Auto Sales of Traverse City (357 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • USB Inputs
    • Apple Carplay/Androi...
    Close

    Located in Traverse City, MI / 357 miles away from Cedar Rapids, IA

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    33 Combined MPG (30 City/38 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: KL8CB6SA1KC760576
    Stock: KC760576
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 02-06-2025

    • 59,787 miles
    • 1 accident, 2 owners, personal use only
    • 4cyl automatic
    • Carvana - Indianapolis (327 mi away)
    • Home delivery*
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • USB Inputs
    • Apple Carplay/Androi...
    Close

    Located in Indianapolis, IN / 327 miles away from Cedar Rapids, IA

    At Carvana, we go miles beyond the extra mile. That's why we provide you with a convenient, fast, and hassle-free car buying experience that puts you ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    33 Combined MPG (30 City/38 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: KL8CB6SA9MC738411
    Stock: 2003618005
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 04-03-2025

    • 52,999 miles
    • Insurance loss reported, 2 owners, personal use
    • 4cyl automatic
    • The Internet Car Lot (268 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • USB Inputs
    • Apple Carplay/Androi...
    Close

    Located in Lincoln, NE / 268 miles away from Cedar Rapids, IA

    Please note that this vehicle has a branded title. Check out this very nice 2021 Chevy Spark! This vehicle looks and drives great! It has great option...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Issue reported

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    33 Combined MPG (30 City/38 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: KL8CB6SA4MC708555
    Stock: 708555FA71693J
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

    • 27,667 miles
    • 1 accident, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 4cyl automatic
    • Don Miller Subaru East (148 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • USB Inputs
    • Apple Carplay/Androi...
    Close

    Located in Madison, WI / 148 miles away from Cedar Rapids, IA

    This vehicle won't be on the lot long! Comprehensive style mixed with all around versatility makes it an outstanding choice! With less than 30,000 mil...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    33 Combined MPG (30 City/38 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: KL8CD6SAXMC710658
    Stock: 85-339
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 04-14-2025

  • New Listing
    • 170,912 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use
    • 4cyl automatic
    • CarHop of Lincoln (273 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • USB Inputs
    • Apple Carplay/Androi...
    Close

    Located in Lincoln, NE / 273 miles away from Cedar Rapids, IA

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    33 Combined MPG (30 City/38 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: KL8CD6SA4HC786527
    Stock: A9645-38
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 05-01-2025

    • 53,329 miles
    • Frame damage reported, 2 owners, corporate fleet vehicle
    • 4cyl automatic
    • West Chicago Auto Mall (193 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • USB Inputs
    • Apple Carplay/Androi...
    Close

    Located in West Chicago, IL / 193 miles away from Cedar Rapids, IA

    Live 50 miles or more away? Come to us, buy a vehicle, and get half of your gas money, NO CREDIT, BAD CREDIT, COLLECTIONS, MATRICULA, CASH PAYING JOBS...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Issue reported

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: Yes

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    33 Combined MPG (30 City/38 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: KL8CB6SA1KC702130
    Stock: 5768
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 03-05-2025

    • 64,052 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, corporate fleet vehicle
    • 4cyl automatic
    • Cars N Credit (145 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • USB Inputs
    • Apple Carplay/Androi...
    Close

    Located in Minnesota City, MN / 145 miles away from Cedar Rapids, IA

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    33 Combined MPG (30 City/38 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: KL8CB6SAXKC744148
    Stock: 39814
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 04-30-2025

    • 37,885 miles
    • Frame damage reported, 3 owners, corporate fleet vehicle
    • 4cyl automatic
    • McCluskey Chevrolet (430 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • USB Inputs
    • Apple Carplay/Androi...
    Close

    Located in Cincinnati, OH / 430 miles away from Cedar Rapids, IA

    Call McCluskey Chevrolet at 513-741-1111 to schedule your Free 48 Hour Test Drive.MCCLUSKEY CHEVROLET'S FREE LIFETIME MECHANICAL WARRANTY Unlimited ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Issue reported

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: Yes

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    33 Combined MPG (30 City/38 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: KL8CD6SA6MC729157
    Stock: A55108AA
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 02-19-2025

  • $7,490
    great price
    $2,857 below market
    • 101,945 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 4cyl automatic
    • Fox Valley Volkswagen Crystal Lake (176 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • USB Inputs
    • Trip Computer
    Close

    Located in Crystal Lake, IL / 176 miles away from Cedar Rapids, IA

    *ONE OWNER*, 15" x 6" Steel Wheels, 2-Way Manual Front Passenger w/Manual Recline, 3.76 Final Drive Axle Ratio, 4 Speakers, 4-Speaker Audio System Fea...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    35 Combined MPG (31 City/41 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: KL8CB6SA0GC585907
    Stock: PV10107A
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 03-13-2025

    • 104,239 miles
    • Frame damage reported, 2 owners, personal use only
    • 4cyl automatic
    • S&M Auto Sales (202 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • USB Inputs
    • Apple Carplay/Androi...
    Close

    Located in Hickory Hills, IL / 202 miles away from Cedar Rapids, IA

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Issue reported

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: Yes

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    33 Combined MPG (30 City/38 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: KL8CD6SA5KC736565
    Stock: Y6565
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 04-18-2025

  • Price Drop
    • 177,048 miles
    • 1 accident, 2 owners, personal use only
    • 4cyl manual
    • Vic Koenig Chevrolet (323 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • USB Inputs
    • Apple Carplay/Androi...
    Close

    Located in Carbondale, IL / 323 miles away from Cedar Rapids, IA

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    33 Combined MPG (29 City/38 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: KL8CC6SA4HC821411
    Stock: N24277A
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 03-22-2025

    • 16,434 miles
    • Insurance loss reported, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 4cyl automatic
    • Repairables Plus Auto (139 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • USB Inputs
    • Apple Carplay/Androi...
    Close

    Located in Holmen, WI / 139 miles away from Cedar Rapids, IA

    Contact: Repairables Plus Auto LLC 723 Commerce St, Holmen WI 54636 (6**)4**-4*** http://www.repairablesplusauto.com Year/Make/Model: **MAKE AN OFFE...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Issue reported

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    33 Combined MPG (30 City/38 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: KL8CB6SAXHC763193
    Stock: 763193
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 04-01-2025

  • New Listing
    $8,999
    great price
    $2,749 below market
    • 89,345 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, corporate fleet vehicle
    • 4cyl automatic
    • Auffenberg Chrysler Dodge Jeep Ram (254 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Heated seats
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    Close

    Located in Shiloh, IL / 254 miles away from Cedar Rapids, IA

    CARFAX One-Owner. 2020 Chevrolet Spark 2LT 1.4L DOHC CVT FWD 4D Hatchback Summit White 30/38 City/Highway MPG Spark 2LT, 4D Hatchback, 1.4L DOHC, Summ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    33 Combined MPG (30 City/38 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: KL8CF6SA1LC467976
    Stock: 9153KMC
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 02-20-2025

    • 56,811 miles
    • 1 accident, 1 owner, rental vehicle
    • 4cyl automatic
    • Enterprise Car Sales Nicholasville (471 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • USB Inputs
    • Apple Carplay/Androi...
    Close

    Located in Nicholasville, KY / 471 miles away from Cedar Rapids, IA

    Transfer of vehicle from another location to your neighborhood Enterprise Car Sales may require payment of a non-refundable transfer fee to begin the ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    33 Combined MPG (30 City/38 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: KL8CD6SA5MC217471
    Stock: 7VR5YN
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 03-19-2025

    • 176,666 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 4cyl automatic
    • Mike Castrucci Chevrolet (436 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • USB Inputs
    • Apple Carplay/Androi...
    Close

    Located in Milford, OH / 436 miles away from Cedar Rapids, IA

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    33 Combined MPG (30 City/38 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: KL8CB6SA6HC741921
    Stock: C182879
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 04-30-2025

;
Showing 169 - 189 out of 690 listings

Consumer Reviews for the Chevrolet Spark

Read recent reviews for the Chevrolet Spark
Overall Consumer Rating
4 out of 5 stars43 Reviews
Write a vehicle reviewSee all 43 reviews
  • 5 star
    (49%)
  • 4 star
    (33%)
  • 3 star
    (2%)
  • 2 star
    (2%)
  • 1 star
    (14%)
4 out of 5 stars

Two Sparks in Two Months

Dev, 02/06/2018
2018 Chevrolet Spark 1LT 4dr Hatchback (1.4L 4cyl CVT)
Previously bought a marshmallow white Spark LS back around the end of November, but got t-boned and totaled around December. It's amazing how well that car held up. Our vehicle went airborne, rolled 5 times, and landed in a ditch and I walked away with little injuries. The side curtain airbags and OnStar kicked on immediately. This vehicle is extremely safe in an accident, so much so I … bought another recently again to replace my last. This time in sorbet pink, because I love out-of-the-ordinary cars. Also hopefully this time they'll see me with that bright a color, lol. Upgraded up to an LT1 trim, too, and I think it's worth it if you don't mind spending a little more. The rims are alright but the little inserts you can order really make them pop. Also comes with keyless entry (no remote start though, sadly) which is a must for my delivery job when I'm holding large packages. The LS trim is really the best deal you can get, though. They go on sale every other month for around $10,900 which is a steal for a brand new car with a good warranty and build quality. The interior is the same throughout all trims it seems like but it's pretty simple and quality-built. It doesn't feel like the dash will start peeling and cracking in 3 years, or the electrics burning out at the same time. Only thing I'm worried about is the CVT reliability, but honestly they'll last with the scheduled transmission fluid changes every 45k miles. Certified Pre-Owned Sparks from Chevrolet dealers come with 100k mile warranty for everything, which is great. Only other car I can think of that gets close in this price range of new cars is the Mitsubishi Mirage, but it feels much more cheaply put together in terms of quality.
Report abuse

Used 2017 Chevrolet Spark in Cedar Rapids, IA Values

Estimated values
2017 Chevrolet Spark LS 4dr Hatchback (1.4L 4cyl 5M) with no options
ConditionTrade-InPrivate PartyDealer Retail
Outstanding$5,518$8,155$10,168
Clean$5,265$7,771$9,677
Average$4,845$7,132$8,858
Rough$4,298$6,301$7,794

The average list price of a used 2017 Chevrolet Spark in Cedar Rapids, Iowa is $11,538. The average mileage on a used Chevrolet Spark 2017 for sale in Cedar Rapids, Iowa is 77,937. Based on the average mileage of 77,937 for used 2017 Chevrolet Spark for sale in Cedar Rapids, IA and using an average vehicle condition rating, which means the vehicle may have a few mechanical and/or cosmetic problems and may require a considerable amount of reconditioning, we appraise the average trade-in value of a used Chevrolet Spark 2017 in Cedar Rapids, Iowa to be $4,845.

Filters
Skip to Results

Applied Filters4Active

Select Buying Experience

Location

Search radius500 miles
Search radius

Make & Model

Year

New / Used

Price & Payments

Price Rating

Trim

Mileage

Accidents & History

Engine & Drivetrain

Exterior Color

Interior Color

Total Seating

Edmunds Review

Features

Options & Packages

MPG

Listing Details


* Delivery of any kind does not apply to Alaska and Hawaii. Contact the dealer for delivery details, restrictions and costs.