Skip to main content
Skip to Filters
2,601 listings
    • 90,428 miles
    • Insurance loss reported, 2 owners, personal use
    • 5 Seats, 21 City / 28 Hwy MPG
    • Salvage Reseller (269 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Power Driver Seat
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • USB Inputs
    Close

    Located in Coconut Creek, FL / 269 miles away from Gainesville, FL

    This vehicle is located at Mebane, NC Copart yard. Join our online auctions to see its final price. All purchases must take place online at www.salvag...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Issue reported

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    24 Combined MPG (21 City/28 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 5UXWX9C34H0T19721
    Stock: 54529775
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 05-22-2025

  • New Listing
    • Not provided
    • 1 accident, 3 owners, personal use
    • 5 Seats, 21 City / 28 Hwy MPG
    • Rick Case Kia (274 mi away)
    • Five Star Dealer
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Sunrise, FL / 274 miles away from Gainesville, FL

    Recent Arrival! Space Gray Metallic 2017 BMW X3 sDrive28i RWD 8-Speed Automatic 2.0L I4 TwinPower Turbo21/28 City/Highway MPGThank you for shopping at...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    24 Combined MPG (21 City/28 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 5UXWZ7C55H0U45490
    Stock: TH0U45490
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 05-29-2025

  • Price Drop
    $10,300
    great price
    $2,512 below market
    • 80,073 miles
    • 2 accidents, 3 owners, personal use
    • 5 Seats, 21 City / 28 Hwy MPG
    • Autoland (66 mi away)
    • Bluetooth
    • Power Driver Seat
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • USB Inputs
    • Power Liftgate/Trunk
    Close

    Located in Jacksonville, FL / 66 miles away from Gainesville, FL

    Thank you for considering Autoland for your next vehicle purchase. We offer quality cars thousands of dollars below market value. Price does not inclu...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    24 Combined MPG (21 City/28 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 5UXWZ7C5XG0T43262
    Stock: 4436
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 04-16-2025

  • $9,999
    great price
    $2,024 below market
    • 109,695 miles
    • No accidents, 3 owners, personal use
    • 5 Seats, 21 City / 28 Hwy MPG
    • Cobb Luxury Cars (319 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Power Driver Seat
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • USB Inputs
    Close

    Located in Marietta, GA / 319 miles away from Gainesville, FL

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    24 Combined MPG (21 City/28 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 5UXWX9C52G0D62912
    Stock: D62912C
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • New Listing
    $13,990
    great price
    $2,431 below market
    • 86,043 miles
    • No accidents, 5 owners, corporate fleet vehicle
    • 5 Seats, 27 City / 34 Hwy MPG
    • MagiCar Group (102 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Power Driver Seat
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • USB Inputs
    Close

    Located in Orlando, FL / 102 miles away from Gainesville, FL

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    30 Combined MPG (27 City/34 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 5UXWY3C51G0N87152
    Stock: 151
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • $11,500
    great price
    $2,148 below market
    • 93,185 miles
    • No accidents, 3 owners, corporate fleet vehicle
    • 5 Seats, 21 City / 28 Hwy MPG
    • Cobb Luxury Cars (319 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Power Driver Seat
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • USB Inputs
    Close

    Located in Marietta, GA / 319 miles away from Gainesville, FL

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    24 Combined MPG (21 City/28 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 5UXWX9C52G0D70718
    Stock: D70718C
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • $12,450
    great price
    $2,820 below market
    • 85,544 miles
    • 2 accidents, 3 owners, corporate fleet vehicle
    • 5 Seats, 19 City / 27 Hwy MPG
    • Latin Auto Mart (294 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Upgraded Headlights
    • Power Driver Seat
    Close

    Located in Miami, FL / 294 miles away from Gainesville, FL

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    22 Combined MPG (19 City/27 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 5UXWX7C54G0R16646
    Stock: 1001758
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 01-28-2024

  • $21,100
    good price
    $2,205 below market
    • 44,657 miles
    • No accidents, 3 owners, personal use
    • 5 Seats, 22 City / 29 Hwy MPG
    • Alan Jay Automotive Network (162 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Sebring, FL / 162 miles away from Gainesville, FL

    Vehicle DetailsFor sale: a meticulously maintained 2018 BMW X3 xDrive30i, offering luxury, performance, and reliability. With only 44,654 mile...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    25 Combined MPG (22 City/29 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 5UXTR9C51JLD60250
    Stock: SZ154836B
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 04-25-2025

  • Price Drop
    $17,982
    good price
    $1,400 below market
    • 73,222 miles
    • No accidents, 3 owners, personal use
    • 5 Seats, 22 City / 29 Hwy MPG
    • Gravity Autos Roswell (323 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Roswell, GA / 323 miles away from Gainesville, FL

    Odometer is 10506 miles below market average!$9K IN UPGRADES, $42,650 MSRP, 8-Speed Automatic, Mineral White Metallic, Black, Vernasca Leather Uphols...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    25 Combined MPG (22 City/29 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 5UXTR9C57JLC76420
    Stock: XC76420
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 04-23-2025

  • $12,995
    good price
    $2,196 below market
    • 74,758 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, corporate fleet vehicle
    • 5 Seats, 21 City / 28 Hwy MPG
    • Integrity Buick GMC (407 mi away)
    • Bluetooth
    • Power Driver Seat
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • USB Inputs
    • Power Liftgate/Trunk
    Close

    Located in Chattanooga, TN / 407 miles away from Gainesville, FL

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    24 Combined MPG (21 City/28 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 5UXWZ7C52G0M83970
    Stock: K25103B
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 04-29-2025

  • $15,785
    good price
    $1,826 below market
    • 41,432 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 5 Seats, 21 City / 28 Hwy MPG
    • Imports Collection Inc. (296 mi away)
    • Bluetooth
    • Power Driver Seat
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • USB Inputs
    • Power Liftgate/Trunk
    Close

    Located in Miami, FL / 296 miles away from Gainesville, FL

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    24 Combined MPG (21 City/28 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 5UXWZ7C56G0T42920
    Stock: IC0T42920
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 04-03-2025

  • $12,995
    good price
    $1,543 below market
    • 82,830 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use only
    • 5 Seats, 21 City / 28 Hwy MPG
    • A & M Motorsports Inc (322 mi away)
    • Bluetooth
    • Power Driver Seat
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • USB Inputs
    • Power Liftgate/Trunk
    Close

    Located in Roswell, GA / 322 miles away from Gainesville, FL

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    24 Combined MPG (21 City/28 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 5UXWZ7C59G0R32769
    Stock: 10003
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 10-19-2024

  • New Listing
    $9,450
    fair price
    $713 below market
    • 98,545 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use
    • 5 Seats, 21 City / 28 Hwy MPG
    • United Imports (66 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Power Driver Seat
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • USB Inputs
    Close

    Located in Jacksonville, FL / 66 miles away from Gainesville, FL

    Pristine Florida car. Navigation, Reverse Camera, Panorama Roof, Heated Seats, Power Liftgate and much more. Well serviced wiht brand new tires all ar...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    24 Combined MPG (21 City/28 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 5UXWX9C5XE0D23403
    Stock: 15092
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • $11,994
    good price
    $1,211 below market
    • 99,153 miles
    • No accidents, 3 owners, personal use only
    • 5 Seats, 21 City / 28 Hwy MPG
    • ProCars (321 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Power Driver Seat
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • USB Inputs
    Close

    Located in Marietta, GA / 321 miles away from Gainesville, FL

    Mineral Silver Metallic 2016 BMW X3 xDrive28i 2.0L I4 TwinPower Turbo 8-Speed Automatic AWD 8-Speed Automatic, 3.39 Axle Ratio, 9 Speakers, Active Bli...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    24 Combined MPG (21 City/28 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 5UXWX9C57G0D79995
    Stock: G0D79995
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 02-09-2025

  • Price Drop
    $10,600
    good price
    $1,550 below market
    • 90,326 miles
    • 1 accident, 3 owners, corporate fleet vehicle
    • 5 Seats, 21 City / 28 Hwy MPG
    • Autoland (66 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Power Driver Seat
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • USB Inputs
    Close

    Located in Jacksonville, FL / 66 miles away from Gainesville, FL

    Thank you for considering Autoland for your next vehicle purchase. We offer quality cars thousands of dollars below market value. Price does not inclu...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    24 Combined MPG (21 City/28 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 5UXWX9C58G0D74479
    Stock: 4447
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 04-16-2025

  • $10,999
    good price
    $1,651 below market
    • 110,332 miles
    • 1 accident, 4 owners, personal use only
    • 5 Seats, 21 City / 28 Hwy MPG
    • Hot Deals on Wheels (116 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Power Driver Seat
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • USB Inputs
    Close

    Located in Tampa, FL / 116 miles away from Gainesville, FL

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    24 Combined MPG (21 City/28 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 5UXWX9C56G0D68762
    Stock: D68762
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • $10,750
    good price
    $1,154 below market
    • 118,473 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 5 Seats, 21 City / 28 Hwy MPG
    • Cardinal Auto Sales (469 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Power Driver Seat
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • USB Inputs
    Close

    Located in Raleigh, NC / 469 miles away from Gainesville, FL

    Introducing the 2016 BMW X3! It prioritizes style, powertrain versatility and safety in an exceptional SUV package! A turbocharger further enhances pe...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    24 Combined MPG (21 City/28 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 5UXWX9C57G0D68530
    Stock: D68530
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 04-26-2025

  • $12,500
    good price
    $1,162 below market
    • 97,900 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use only
    • 5 Seats, 21 City / 28 Hwy MPG
    • Angel Motors (494 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Power Driver Seat
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • USB Inputs
    Close

    Located in Smyrna, TN / 494 miles away from Gainesville, FL

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    24 Combined MPG (21 City/28 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 5UXWX9C58G0D74207
    Stock: 74207
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 04-24-2025

  • $15,700
    fair price
    $46 above market
    • 105,749 miles
    • No accidents, 3 owners, personal use only
    • 5 Seats, 22 City / 29 Hwy MPG
    • Jerry Hunt Super Center (427 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Upgraded Headlights
    • Power Driver Seat
    Close

    Located in Salisbury, NC / 427 miles away from Gainesville, FL

    White Metallic 2018 BMW X3 xDrive30i AWD 8-Speed Automatic 2.0L I4 TwinPower Turbo Leather Interior, Sunroof, Bluetooth, Navigation, Backup Camera, Pu...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    25 Combined MPG (22 City/29 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 5UXTR9C59JLC78153
    Stock: SK2559
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 04-17-2025

  • $11,800
    fair price
    $1,238 below market
    • 81,649 miles
    • No accidents, 3 owners, personal use
    • 5 Seats, 21 City / 28 Hwy MPG
    • Olmaks USA (293 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Power Driver Seat
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    Close

    Located in North Miami Beach, FL / 293 miles away from Gainesville, FL

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    24 Combined MPG (21 City/28 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 5UXWZ7C58G0R31547
    Stock: G0R31547
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • Price Drop
    $22,998
    fair price
    $607 below market
    • 31,037 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use
    • 5 Seats, 22 City / 29 Hwy MPG
    • Driveway (93 mi away)
    • Home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Upgraded Headlights
    • Power Driver Seat
    Close

    Located in Orlando, FL / 93 miles away from Gainesville, FL

    CarFax No Accidents Reported,Low Mileage,Back-Up Camera,Bluetooth,Brake Assist,Keyless Start,Turbo/Supercharged,Power Door Locks,Brake Assist,Floor Ma...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    25 Combined MPG (22 City/29 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 5UXTR9C54JLD70903
    Stock: JLD70903
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

Showing 43 - 63 out of 2,601 listings

Consumer Reviews for the BMW X3

Read recent reviews for the BMW X3
Overall Consumer Rating
4.1 out of 5 stars34 Reviews
Write a vehicle reviewSee all 34 reviews
  • 5 star
    (65%)
  • 4 star
    (6%)
  • 3 star
    (15%)
  • 2 star
    (9%)
  • 1 star
    (6%)
2 out of 5 stars

Updated 9/2021: Was great until CID display failed

NCUltraRunner, 04/18/2016
2016 BMW X3 xDrive28i 4dr SUV AWD (2.0L 4cyl Turbo 8A)
I have really enjoyed this vehicle until my CID display recently died on me. Took it to the dealer and they told me BMW does not just sell the display as a replacement part, but that I had to purchase an entire new sub assembly that included the display as well as other components. The other components are not needed to replace the display, so why does BMW force you to have to buy an … entirely new sub assembly? After watching a You Tube video on how to remove the display panel I was able to easily remove the broken display in about 5 minutes. Turns out, the actual LCD screen is removable and is made by Sharp. Quick google search and found the part for LCD screen out of China for about $150 after shipping. Part arrived in less than a week, swapped it out with the defective panel and problem solved. Shame on BMW for forcing their customers into buying an expensive sub assembly just to replace an sub $100 LCD screen. Of course BMW doesn't want you to know about this. Up until now, I was very likely to purchase another BMW when it comes time for a new vehicle, but after experiencing first hand how BMW really likes to sock it to their customers on the service side, it is highly unlikely I'll be a BMW customer again.
Report abuse

Used 2017 BMW X3 in Gainesville, FL Values

Estimated values
2017 BMW X3 xDrive28i 4dr SUV AWD (2.0L 4cyl Turbo 8A) with no options
ConditionTrade-InPrivate PartyDealer Retail
Outstanding$11,017$14,386$16,959
Clean$10,709$13,964$16,440
Average$10,195$13,262$15,576
Rough$9,527$12,349$14,452

The average list price of a used 2017 BMW X3 in Gainesville, Florida is $13,468. The average mileage on a used BMW X3 2017 for sale in Gainesville, Florida is 80,716. Based on the average mileage of 80,716 for used 2017 BMW X3 for sale in Gainesville, FL and using an average vehicle condition rating, which means the vehicle may have a few mechanical and/or cosmetic problems and may require a considerable amount of reconditioning, we appraise the average trade-in value of a used BMW X3 2017 in Gainesville, Florida to be $10,195.

Filters
Skip to Results

Applied Filters4Active

Select Buying Experience

Location

Search radius500 miles
Search radius

Make & Model

Year

New / Used

Price & Payments

Price Rating

Body Type

Trim

Mileage

Accidents & History

EV Details

Engine & Drivetrain

Exterior Color

Interior Color

Total Seating

Edmunds Review

Features

Options & Packages

MPG

Listing Details


* Delivery of any kind does not apply to Alaska and Hawaii. Contact the dealer for delivery details, restrictions and costs.