Skip to main content
Skip to Filters
598 listings
    • 101,242 miles
    • No accidents, 3 owners, personal use
    • 7 Seats, 29 City / 27 Hwy MPG
    • Carvana (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in San Antonio, TX / 530 miles away from Jackson, MS

    At Carvana, we go miles beyond the extra mile. That's why we provide you with a convenient, fast, and hassle-free car buying experience that puts you ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    28 Combined MPG (29 City/27 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 5TDDGRFHXKS067297
    Stock: 2003864830
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 07-11-2025

    • 20,338 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use only
    • 7 Seats, 36 City / 35 Hwy MPG
    • AutoNation USA Plano (385 mi away)
    • Five Star Dealer
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Third-row seating
    Close

    Located in Plano, TX / 385 miles away from Jackson, MS

    Sun/Moonroof3rd Row SeatLane Keeping AssistKeyless StartRear Spoiler50 State EmissionsBlack; Softex Seat TrimCelestial Silver MetallicThis 2...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    36 Combined MPG (36 City/35 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 5TDGARAH0MS507150
    Stock: MS507150
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 07-01-2025

    • 38,960 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use only
    • 7 Seats, 36 City / 35 Hwy MPG
    • CarMax Southwest Freeway (362 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Third-row seating
    Close

    Located in Houston, TX / 362 miles away from Jackson, MS

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    36 Combined MPG (36 City/35 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 5TDGARAH9MS010002
    Stock: 27625113
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

    • 66,912 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 8 Seats, 29 City / 27 Hwy MPG
    • Hyundai of Brenham (393 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    Close

    Located in Brenham, TX / 393 miles away from Jackson, MS

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    28 Combined MPG (29 City/27 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 5TDJGRFH2KS074408
    Stock: 74408H
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 05-20-2025

  • Price Drop
    $42,793
    fair price
    $105 above market
    • 21,075 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 7 Seats, 36 City / 35 Hwy MPG
    • Step One Buick GMC Pensacola (216 mi away)
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in Pensacola, FL / 216 miles away from Jackson, MS

    **2021 Toyota Highlander Hybrid Platinum Exceptional Efficiency and Luxury**Discover the perfect balance of advanced hybrid performance and premium co...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    36 Combined MPG (36 City/35 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 5TDFARAH1MS007445
    Stock: TMS007445
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 06-28-2025

  • New Listing
    $39,287
    fair price
    $624 below market
    • 57,474 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use
    • 7 Seats, 35 City / 34 Hwy MPG
    • Napleton's Mid Rivers Chrysler Dodge Jeep RAM FIAT (448 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Saint Peters, MO / 448 miles away from Jackson, MS

    Black 2021 Toyota Highlander Hybrid Platinum AWD eCVT 2.5L I4 PDI Hybrid DOHC 16V LEV3-SULEV30 186hpCLEAN CARFAX NO ACCIDENTS, Located at Napleton's...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    35 Combined MPG (35 City/34 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 5TDEBRCH5MS022505
    Stock: MSTL16102A
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 07-05-2025

  • $32,265
    fair price
    $9 below market
    • 66,252 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use only
    • 7 Seats, 29 City / 27 Hwy MPG
    • University Motors of Chattanooga (343 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    Close

    Located in Chattanooga, TN / 343 miles away from Jackson, MS

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    28 Combined MPG (29 City/27 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 5TDDGRFH2KS069366
    Stock: C4137
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 06-05-2025

    • 69,213 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 7 Seats, 35 City / 34 Hwy MPG
    • Serra Toyota of Decatur (241 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    Close

    Located in Decatur, AL / 241 miles away from Jackson, MS

    This 2021 Toyota Highlander Hybrid Limited in Ruby Flare Pearl features: Odometer is 9264 miles below market average! 35/34 City/Highway MPG Highlande...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    35 Combined MPG (35 City/34 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 5TDDBRCH3MS526255
    Stock: 526255R
    Certified Pre-Owned: Yes
    Listed since: 07-14-2025

  • $25,999
    great price
    $3,294 below market
    • 97,540 miles
    • 1 accident, 2 owners, corporate fleet vehicle
    • 7 Seats, 36 City / 35 Hwy MPG
    • Auto Expo Corp (345 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Third-row seating
    Close

    Located in Smyrna, GA / 345 miles away from Jackson, MS

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    36 Combined MPG (36 City/35 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 5TDGARAH6MS011026
    Stock: 011026
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • $29,499
    fair price
    $298 below market
    • 85,129 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use only
    • 8 Seats, 29 City / 27 Hwy MPG
    • Promace Imports (348 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    Close

    Located in Marietta, GA / 348 miles away from Jackson, MS

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    28 Combined MPG (29 City/27 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 5TDJGRFH5KS075911
    Stock: 75911
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 07-01-2025

  • Price Drop
    $30,989
    good price
    $903 below market
    • 92,006 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use only
    • 7 Seats, 35 City / 35 Hwy MPG
    • Lou Fusz Kia of Evansville (420 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Evansville, IN / 420 miles away from Jackson, MS

    **KEYLESS ENTRY** **HEATED LEATHER** **3RD ROW SEATING!** **REAR BACK UP CAMERA!** * *GREAT BUY** **RECENT ARRIVAL** **PREMIUM STEREO**. **MP3 / IPOD ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    35 Combined MPG (35 City/35 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 5TDHBRCH0MS516980
    Stock: 56596
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 06-22-2025

  • $25,998
    good price
    $929 below market
    • 107,845 miles
    • 1 accident, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 8 Seats, 29 City / 27 Hwy MPG
    • Bill Penney Toyota (264 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    Close

    Located in Huntsville, AL / 264 miles away from Jackson, MS

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    28 Combined MPG (29 City/27 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 5TDJGRFH9KS060652
    Stock: 5T8216A
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 06-18-2025

  • Price Drop
    $34,500
    good price
    $1,060 below market
    • 35,171 miles
    • 1 accident, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 7 Seats, 29 City / 27 Hwy MPG
    • Robinson Toyota (243 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    Close

    Located in Jackson, TN / 243 miles away from Jackson, MS

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    28 Combined MPG (29 City/27 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 5TDDGRFH9KS073933
    Stock: P11331
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 05-22-2025

  • $29,436
    good price
    $1,245 below market
    • 72,022 miles
    • 1 accident, 3 owners, rental vehicle
    • 8 Seats, 35 City / 35 Hwy MPG
    • Dave Mungenast St. Louis Honda (428 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Third-row seating
    Close

    Located in Saint Louis, MO / 428 miles away from Jackson, MS

    Welcome to Dave Mungenast St. Louis Honda. We are one of the St. Louis area's largest Honda dealers. Founded in 1965 the Mungenast family has served t...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    35 Combined MPG (35 City/35 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 5TDBBRCH3MS525632
    Stock: 251172B
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 05-07-2025

    • 75,311 miles
    • 1 accident, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 7 Seats, 29 City / 27 Hwy MPG
    • Freeman Toyota (409 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Hurst, TX / 409 miles away from Jackson, MS

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: Yes

    Features and Specs:

    28 Combined MPG (29 City/27 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 5TDDGRFH1KS058455
    Stock: KS058455
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 05-06-2025

  • Price Drop
    $36,324
    fair price
    $207 above market
    • 42,996 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 8 Seats, 35 City / 35 Hwy MPG
    • Parkside Kia (427 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in Knoxville, TN / 427 miles away from Jackson, MS

    Parkside KIA is proud to offer this fantastic 2021 Toyota Highlander Hybrid in Magnetic Gray Metallic This vehicle has passed our comprehensive inspec...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    35 Combined MPG (35 City/35 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 5TDGBRCH5MS033643
    Stock: T033643
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 05-31-2025

    • 80,950 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use only
    • 7 Seats, 36 City / 35 Hwy MPG
    • Vandergriff Acura (404 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Arlington, TX / 404 miles away from Jackson, MS

    Recent Arrival! 2021 Toyota Highlander Hybrid Limited NAVIGATION/NAVI/GPS, SUNROOF/MOONROOF, Leather seats, Alloy Wheels, Heated Seats, ** BACK UP CAM...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    36 Combined MPG (36 City/35 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 5TDYARAH8MS507790
    Stock: MS507790
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 07-17-2025

  • Price Drop
    $33,990
    fair price
    $120 above market
    • 50,708 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 7 Seats, 29 City / 27 Hwy MPG
    • Carvana (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    Close

    Located in Cincinnati, OH / 567 miles away from Jackson, MS

    At Carvana, we go miles beyond the extra mile. That's why we provide you with a convenient, fast, and hassle-free car buying experience that puts you ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    28 Combined MPG (29 City/27 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 5TDDGRFH5KS074531
    Stock: 2003867896
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 07-02-2025

  • $32,799
    fair price
    $61 below market
    • 58,868 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 7 Seats, 29 City / 27 Hwy MPG
    • Driveway (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    Close

    Located in Urbandale, IA / 672 miles away from Jackson, MS

    CarFax No Accidents Reported,CarFax 1-Owner,Green Vehicle,3rd Row Seat,Back-Up Camera,Blind Spot Monitor,Bluetooth,Brake Assist,Chrome Wheels,Heated S...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    28 Combined MPG (29 City/27 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 5TDDGRFH8KS069565
    Stock: KS069565NP
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • New Listing
    • 75,503 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 7 Seats, 35 City / 34 Hwy MPG
    • Porsche North Houston (349 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Houston, TX / 349 miles away from Jackson, MS

    Porsche North Houston is delighted to showcase, this Pre-Owned 2021 Toyota Highlander Hybrid Platinum. Dressed in an evocative Blueprint exteri...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    35 Combined MPG (35 City/34 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 5TDEBRCH7MS046157
    Stock: TMS046157
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 07-17-2025

  • New Listing
    $36,998
    fair price
    $534 above market
    • 52,399 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, corporate fleet vehicle
    • 7 Seats, 35 City / 35 Hwy MPG
    • CarMax St. Louis South Lindbergh (428 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in Saint Louis, MO / 428 miles away from Jackson, MS

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: Yes

    Features and Specs:

    35 Combined MPG (35 City/35 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 5TDHBRCH2MS533876
    Stock: 27246451
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

Showing 106 - 126 out of 598 listings

Consumer Reviews for the Toyota Highlander Hybrid

Read recent reviews for the Toyota Highlander Hybrid
Overall Consumer Rating
4.5 out of 5 stars39 Reviews
Write a vehicle reviewSee all 39 reviews
  • 5 star
    (67%)
  • 4 star
    (26%)
  • 3 star
    (5%)
  • 2 star
    (3%)
  • 1 star
    (0%)
4.63 out of 5 stars

Wife says it drives like a dream

keny, 07/26/2010
2010 Toyota Highlander Hybrid Limited 4dr SUV AWD w/3rd Row (3.3L 6cyl gas/electric hybrid CVT)
Had the car a month. Waited to write my comment until we took a 2300 mile trip. Overall we love the car. A little disappointed with the overall 24mpg. We drove on interstates, in big cities, mountains and 2-lanes. Inside is roomy and comfortable. Love the bluetooth. The Nav system is no better than my Magellan portable. Disappointed that there are areas with no turn-by-turn … instructions even though it lists streets. There are some features on it I really liked like the split screen. The front mats are already showing signs of matting. Love the transmission. Mpg is much better at 60-65 mph than over 75 mph. That should be expected. We did get about 31 mpg on one tank. A keeper.
Report abuse

Used 2019 Toyota Highlander Hybrid in Jackson, MS Values

Estimated values
2019 Toyota Highlander Hybrid Limited Platinum 4dr SUV AWD (3.5L 6cyl gas/electric hybrid CVT) with no options
ConditionTrade-InPrivate PartyDealer Retail
Outstanding$29,095$31,899$34,392
Clean$28,208$30,919$33,326
Average$26,731$29,284$31,549
Rough$24,810$27,160$29,238

The average list price of a used 2019 Toyota Highlander Hybrid in Jackson, Mississippi is $33,361. The average mileage on a used Toyota Highlander Hybrid 2019 for sale in Jackson, Mississippi is 65,139. Based on the average mileage of 65,139 for used 2019 Toyota Highlander Hybrid for sale in Jackson, MS and using an average vehicle condition rating, which means the vehicle may have a few mechanical and/or cosmetic problems and may require a considerable amount of reconditioning, we appraise the average trade-in value of a used Toyota Highlander Hybrid 2019 in Jackson, Mississippi to be $26,731.

Filters
Skip to Results

Applied Filters4Active

Select Buying Experience

Location

Search radius500 miles
Search radius

Make & Model

Year

New / Used

Price & Payments

Price Rating

Body Type

Trim

Mileage

Accidents & History

Engine & Drivetrain

Exterior Color

Interior Color

Total Seating

Edmunds Review

Features

Options & Packages

MPG

Listing Details


* Delivery of any kind does not apply to Alaska and Hawaii. Contact the dealer for delivery details, restrictions and costs.