Skip to main content
Skip to Filters
1,770 listings
    • 88,925 miles
    • No accidents, 4 owners, personal use only
    • 4 Seats, 17 City / 25 Hwy MPG
    • Richardson Motor Company (161 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • USB Inputs
    Close

    Located in Sierra Vista, AZ / 161 miles away from Tempe, AZ

    Key Specifications Engine: 3.6L V6 - 285hp, 260 ft. lbs. Transmission: 6-speed Automatic Mileage: 88,925 Actual Miles Fuel Type: Gasoline Highlights L...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    20 Combined MPG (17 City/25 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1C4GJXAG4JW235919
    Stock: 235919
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 03-20-2025

  • New Listing
    $28,990
    fair price
    $921 above market
    • 53,114 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use only
    • 5 Seats, 17 City / 23 Hwy MPG
    • Carvana (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    Close

    Located in Cincinnati, OH / 1,571 miles away from Tempe, AZ

    At Carvana, we go miles beyond the extra mile. That's why we provide you with a convenient, fast, and hassle-free car buying experience that puts you ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    19 Combined MPG (17 City/23 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1C4HJXEG8JW288623
    Stock: 2003824051
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 06-21-2025

  • Price Drop
    $34,273
    great price
    $5,264 below market
    • 33,496 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 4 Seats
    • Bill Luke Chrysler Dodge Jeep Ram (12 mi away)
    • Home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    Close

    Located in Phoenix, AZ / 12 miles away from Tempe, AZ

    NO HIDDEN FEES! ALL RECONDITIONING COSTS ARE FULLY INCLUDED IN OUR PRICES.CARFAX One-Owner. BODY COLOR 3-PIECE HARD TOP, SAFETY GROUP, PREFERRED PAC...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1C4HJXCG4MW726657
    Stock: CN58370A
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 06-06-2025

    • 97,271 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 5 Seats, 17 City / 23 Hwy MPG
    • Carvana (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    Close

    Located in Dallas, TX / 877 miles away from Tempe, AZ

    At Carvana, we go miles beyond the extra mile. That's why we provide you with a convenient, fast, and hassle-free car buying experience that puts you ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    19 Combined MPG (17 City/23 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1C4HJXFG0JW158723
    Stock: 2003758966
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 05-21-2025

  • New Listing
    • 41,494 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use
    • 5 Seats, 17 City / 23 Hwy MPG, Manual
    • CarMax (In-stock online)
    • Transfer available from TX to AZ*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Blind Spot Monitorin...
    Close

    Located in Garland, TX / 883 miles away from Tempe, AZ

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    19 Combined MPG (17 City/23 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1C4HJXFG7JW226614
    Stock: 27425026
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

    • 89,013 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use only
    • 5 Seats, 21 City / 22 Hwy MPG
    • Paramount Auto Sales (106 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in Tucson, AZ / 106 miles away from Tempe, AZ

    Every vehicle comes with a Warranty, Carfax, and a 5-year Maintenance Plan! We have Easy Financing available for all credit situations, including low-...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    21 Combined MPG (21 City/22 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1C4HJXFN8LW313052
    Stock: 313052
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • Price Drop
    $30,465
    great price
    $5,710 below market
    • 47,925 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use
    • 5 Seats
    • Driveway (17 mi away)
    • Home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in Phoenix, AZ / 17 miles away from Tempe, AZ

    Back-Up Camera,Bluetooth,Brake Assist,Heated Seats,Heated Steering Wheel,Keyless Start,Navigation System,Satellite Radio,Tow Hitch,Turbo/Supercharged,...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1C4HJXFN7MW786202
    Stock: MW786202T
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • Price Drop
    • 94,156 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use
    • 5 Seats, 17 City / 23 Hwy MPG
    • Carvana (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • USB Inputs
    Close

    Located in Indianapolis, IN / 1,489 miles away from Tempe, AZ

    At Carvana, we go miles beyond the extra mile. That's why we provide you with a convenient, fast, and hassle-free car buying experience that puts you ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    19 Combined MPG (17 City/23 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1C4HJXFG0JW183993
    Stock: 2003779948
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 06-06-2025

  • Stock photo**
    • 93,767 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use only
    • 5 Seats, 17 City / 23 Hwy MPG, Manual
    • Sullivan Motor Company (4 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • USB Inputs
    Close

    Located in Mesa, AZ / 4 miles away from Tempe, AZ

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    19 Combined MPG (17 City/23 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1C4HJXDG7JW272916
    Stock: 25-1378
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 04-15-2025

  • Price Drop
    $29,990
    fair price
    $1,048 above market
    • 86,522 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use only
    • 5 Seats, 17 City / 23 Hwy MPG
    • Carvana (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    Close

    Located in Cincinnati, OH / 1,571 miles away from Tempe, AZ

    At Carvana, we go miles beyond the extra mile. That's why we provide you with a convenient, fast, and hassle-free car buying experience that puts you ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    19 Combined MPG (17 City/23 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1C4HJXFG5JW245405
    Stock: 2003782362
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 05-30-2025

  • New Listing
    • 84,984 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 5 Seats, 17 City / 23 Hwy MPG
    • Carvana (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • USB Inputs
    Close

    Located in Cincinnati, OH / 1,571 miles away from Tempe, AZ

    At Carvana, we go miles beyond the extra mile. That's why we provide you with a convenient, fast, and hassle-free car buying experience that puts you ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    19 Combined MPG (17 City/23 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1C4HJXFG5JW170219
    Stock: 2003798652
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 06-12-2025

    • 79,194 miles
    • No accidents, 3 owners, personal use only
    • 5 Seats, 17 City / 23 Hwy MPG, Manual
    • Driveway (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    Close

    Located in Walnut Creek, CA / 648 miles away from Tempe, AZ

    CarFax No Accidents Reported,Back-Up Camera,Bluetooth,Brake Assist,Keyless Start,Premium Sound,Satellite Radio,4-Wheel Disc Brakes,6-Speed M/T,A/C,ABS...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    19 Combined MPG (17 City/23 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1C4HJXEG7JW170045
    Stock: JW170045T
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • New Listing
    • 15,998 miles
    • 1 accident, 2 owners, personal use only
    • 4 Seats
    • CarMax (In-stock online)
    • Transfer available from TN to AZ*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • Upgraded Stereo
    Close

    Located in Madison, TN / 1,441 miles away from Tempe, AZ

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1C4GJXAN7JW248954
    Stock: 27412626
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

    • 33,326 miles
    • Frame damage reported, 2 owners, personal use
    • 5 Seats
    • Ruly's Auto Sales (10 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • USB Inputs
    Close

    Located in Phoenix, AZ / 10 miles away from Tempe, AZ

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Issue reported

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: Yes

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1C4HJXDN3JW263001
    Stock: 2024-228
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 06-03-2024

  • Price Drop
    $23,990
    good price
    $2,673 below market
    • 91,716 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use
    • 5 Seats, 17 City / 23 Hwy MPG
    • Carvana (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Blind Spot Monitorin...
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    Close

    Located in Atlanta, GA / 1,577 miles away from Tempe, AZ

    At Carvana, we go miles beyond the extra mile. That's why we provide you with a convenient, fast, and hassle-free car buying experience that puts you ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: Yes

    Features and Specs:

    19 Combined MPG (17 City/23 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1C4HJXDG9KW557764
    Stock: 2003762275
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 06-03-2025

  • Price Drop
    • 42,610 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use
    • 5 Seats
    • Courtesy Volvo Cars of Scottsdale (5 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • USB Inputs
    Close

    Located in Scottsdale, AZ / 5 miles away from Tempe, AZ

    * Trailer Tow and Heavy Duty Electrical PackageAuxillary Switches Tow Hitch240–Amp Alternator* Fuel Tank Skid–Plate ShieldSales price is plus t...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1C4HJXDM3MW656282
    Stock: MTS10381
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 05-08-2025

    • 75,832 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, corporate fleet vehicle
    • 5 Seats, 17 City / 23 Hwy MPG
    • Michelle's Auto Sales (163 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • USB Inputs
    Close

    Located in Yuma, AZ / 163 miles away from Tempe, AZ

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    19 Combined MPG (17 City/23 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1C4HJXDG9JW181839
    Stock: YM8676
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 06-13-2025

    • 45,139 miles
    • No accidents, 3 owners, personal use only
    • 5 Seats, 17 City / 23 Hwy MPG, Manual
    • Chapman Chrysler Dodge Jeep Ram (5 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    Close

    Located in Scottsdale, AZ / 5 miles away from Tempe, AZ

    Memorial Day Sale - All Certified & Pre-Owned Inventory Reflects Special Pricing Phone: 4**-4**-3*** Sunday: Closed Monday: 8am - 9pm Tuesday: 8am -...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    19 Combined MPG (17 City/23 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1C4HJXFG8JW133763
    Stock: JC1170
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 07-25-2024

    • 123,071 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use only
    • 5 Seats, 17 City / 23 Hwy MPG
    • Planet Chrysler Dodge Jeep Ram FIAT of Flagstaff (126 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • USB Inputs
    Close

    Located in Flagstaff, AZ / 126 miles away from Tempe, AZ

    Dealer This Billet Silver Metallic Clearcoat 2018 Jeep Wrangler Unlimited Sport S would be a welcomed addition to your family/ business. This Wrangle...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    19 Combined MPG (17 City/23 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1C4HJXDN6JW142415
    Stock: PJ16250TA
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 06-11-2025

  • Stock photo**
    • 42,139 miles
    • No accidents, 3 owners, personal use
    • 5 Seats
    • Unique Trucks (4 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    Close

    Located in Scottsdale, AZ / 4 miles away from Tempe, AZ

    INSTALLED FEATURES: Air filtration, Front air conditioning: automatic climate control, Front air conditioning zones: single, Airbag deactivation: occu...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1C4HJXFN8JW235871
    Stock: 235871
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • New Listing
    • 33,866 miles
    • 1 accident, 4 owners, personal use only
    • 5 Seats, 17 City / 23 Hwy MPG
    • Larry H. Miller Genesis Peoria (24 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    Close

    Located in Peoria, AZ / 24 miles away from Tempe, AZ

    *Lifted, Power Rock Slider steps, Rigid LED lights, has 10 screen added and much more*This 2020 Bright White Clearcoat Jeep Wrangler Unlimited Rubicon...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    19 Combined MPG (17 City/23 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1C4HJXFG3LW142521
    Stock: PGN260052B
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 06-16-2025

Showing 694 - 714 out of 1,770 listings

Consumer Reviews for the Jeep Wrangler

Read recent reviews for the Jeep Wrangler
Overall Consumer Rating
4.2 out of 5 stars56 Reviews
Write a vehicle reviewSee all 56 reviews
  • 5 star
    (52%)
  • 4 star
    (30%)
  • 3 star
    (11%)
  • 2 star
    (4%)
  • 1 star
    (4%)
4.63 out of 5 stars

Finally back in a Jeep Wrangler!

jackcolton, 12/28/2011
2012 Jeep Wrangler Sahara 2dr SUV 4WD (3.6L 6cyl 6M)
I custom ordered a 2012 Black Jeep Wrangler Sahara (6-Speed), and finally took delivery 2 weeks ago. This thing is awesome! I've owned a 1998 Jeep Wrangler Sahara, and this one is substantially better in every way. Build quality feels strong and as if it will last a very long time. A few things... 1) Don't buy a Jeep Wrangler without test driving and loving everything about it. If you … have a big smile on your face each time, you are good to go. 2) There is at least $4,000 or so in markup, so do your shopping research and negotiate. Mine stickered at $32,500, got it for $27,800. 3) So far in city driving I'm getting about 320 miles per tank. 4) Custom ordering took 7 weeks.
Report abuse

Used 2018 Jeep Wrangler in Tempe, AZ Values

Estimated values
2018 Jeep Wrangler Sport 2dr SUV 4WD (3.6L 6cyl 8A) with no options
ConditionTrade-InPrivate PartyDealer Retail
Outstanding$15,958$19,076$21,657
Clean$15,319$18,289$20,738
Average$14,254$16,978$19,207
Rough$12,870$15,274$17,217

The average list price of a used 2018 Jeep Wrangler in Tempe, Arizona is $29,611. The average mileage on a used Jeep Wrangler 2018 for sale in Tempe, Arizona is 66,360. Based on the average mileage of 66,360 for used 2018 Jeep Wrangler for sale in Tempe, AZ and using an average vehicle condition rating, which means the vehicle may have a few mechanical and/or cosmetic problems and may require a considerable amount of reconditioning, we appraise the average trade-in value of a used Jeep Wrangler 2018 in Tempe, Arizona to be $14,254.

Filters
Skip to Results

Applied Filters4Active

Select Buying Experience

Location

Search radius200 miles
Search radius

Make & Model

Year

New / Used

Price & Payments

Price Rating

Body Type

Trim

Mileage

Accidents & History

Engine & Drivetrain

Exterior Color

Interior Color

Total Seating

Edmunds Review

Features

Options & Packages

MPG

Listing Details


* Delivery of any kind does not apply to Alaska and Hawaii. Contact the dealer for delivery details, restrictions and costs.