Skip to main content
Skip to Filters
683 listings
  • $17,590
    fair price
    $326 above market
    • 46,120 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 29 City / 39 Hwy MPG
    • Carvana (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Upgraded Headlights
    • Blind Spot Monitorin...
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    Close

    Located in Phoenix, AZ / 983 miles away from Tahlequah, OK

    At Carvana, we go miles beyond the extra mile. That's why we provide you with a convenient, fast, and hassle-free car buying experience that puts you ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    33 Combined MPG (29 City/39 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 3VWC57BUXMM101683
    Stock: 2003722853
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 06-06-2025

  • New Listing
    • 42,143 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use
    • 28 City / 38 Hwy MPG
    • CarMax (In-stock online)
    • Transfer available from CA to OK*
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • USB Inputs
    • Trip Computer
    Close

    Located in Murrieta, CA / 1,270 miles away from Tahlequah, OK

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: Yes

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    32 Combined MPG (28 City/38 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 3VW2B7AJ2JM235353
    Stock: 27571979
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • $18,990
    fair price
    $849 below market
    • 12,279 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, rental vehicle
    • 30 City / 41 Hwy MPG
    • Carvana (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Upgraded Headlights
    • Blind Spot Monitorin...
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    Close

    Located in Portland, OR / 1,584 miles away from Tahlequah, OK

    At Carvana, we go miles beyond the extra mile. That's why we provide you with a convenient, fast, and hassle-free car buying experience that puts you ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    34 Combined MPG (30 City/41 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 3VW5M7BU5RM072385
    Stock: 2003674067
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 04-18-2025

  • Price Drop
    • 41,085 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 29 City / 39 Hwy MPG
    • Carvana (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Upgraded Headlights
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • USB Inputs
    Close

    Located in Birmingham, AL / 492 miles away from Tahlequah, OK

    At Carvana, we go miles beyond the extra mile. That's why we provide you with a convenient, fast, and hassle-free car buying experience that puts you ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    33 Combined MPG (29 City/39 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 3VWC57BU6MM062168
    Stock: 2003816425
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 06-24-2025

  • Advertisement

    4 Offers Nearby

    2025 Volkswagen Jetta
    $21,995*
    starting MSRP
    • 5 Colors
    • 4 Trims
    • 1 Package
    View Offers 
    * Starting MSRP of $21,995 for a 2025 Jetta S 1.5L TSI® with 8-speed automatic transmission. Prices exclude destination, taxes, title, other options, and dealer charges. Dealer sets actual price.
  • $9,995
    fair price
    $451 below market
    • 84,000 miles
    • No accidents, 3 owners, corporate fleet vehicle
    • 25 City / 36 Hwy MPG
    • World of Cars (46 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • USB Inputs
    Close

    Located in Fayetteville, AR / 46 miles away from Tahlequah, OK

    Quality, Economic, Safe & Roomy , German Engineered , VW-JETTA . Fully Loaded with Power Options , Including Lather ,, LOW-LOW Miles, in Absolute P...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    29 Combined MPG (25 City/36 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 3VWD17AJ5GM258694
    Stock: 258694
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 07-10-2024

  • New Listing
    • 25,476 miles
    • 30 City / 40 Hwy MPG
    • CarMax (In-stock online)
    • Transfer available from GA to OK*
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Upgraded Headlights
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • USB Inputs
    Close

    Located in Augusta, GA / 749 miles away from Tahlequah, OK

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary Unavailable.

    Features and Specs:

    34 Combined MPG (30 City/40 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 3VWCB7BU8LM069517
    Stock: 27258764
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • New Listing
    $19,498
    good price
    $756 below market
    • 46,725 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, rental vehicle
    • 29 City / 40 Hwy MPG
    • Enterprise Car Sales (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Upgraded Headlights
    • Blind Spot Monitorin...
    Close

    Located in Olathe, KS / 206 miles away from Tahlequah, OK

    Transfer of vehicle from another location to your neighborhood Enterprise Car Sales may require payment of a non-refundable transfer fee to begin the ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    33 Combined MPG (29 City/40 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 3VW7M7BU7RM004372
    Stock: 7WJHXM
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 04-07-2025

  • New Listing
    $18,999
    good price
    $1,068 below market
    • 50,069 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, rental vehicle
    • 29 City / 40 Hwy MPG
    • Enterprise Car Sales (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Upgraded Headlights
    • Blind Spot Monitorin...
    Close

    Located in Ellicott City, MD / 1,019 miles away from Tahlequah, OK

    Transfer of vehicle from another location to your neighborhood Enterprise Car Sales may require payment of a non-refundable transfer fee to begin the ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    33 Combined MPG (29 City/40 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 3VWEM7BUXRM005846
    Stock: 7WHKPP
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 05-12-2025

  • Advertisement

    4 Offers Nearby

    2025 Volkswagen Jetta
    $21,995*
    starting MSRP
    • 5 Colors
    • 4 Trims
    • 1 Package
    View Offers 
    * Starting MSRP of $21,995 for a 2025 Jetta S 1.5L TSI® with 8-speed automatic transmission. Prices exclude destination, taxes, title, other options, and dealer charges. Dealer sets actual price.
  • $18,904
    good price
    $1,435 below market
    • 45,275 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, rental vehicle
    • 29 City / 40 Hwy MPG
    • Enterprise Car Sales (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Upgraded Headlights
    • Blind Spot Monitorin...
    Close

    Located in Tampa, FL / 911 miles away from Tahlequah, OK

    Transfer of vehicle from another location to your neighborhood Enterprise Car Sales may require payment of a non-refundable transfer fee to begin the ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    33 Combined MPG (29 City/40 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 3VWEM7BU3RM015022
    Stock: 8FSWHT
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 04-18-2025

  • Price Drop
    $22,428
    fair price
    $244 below market
    • 7,849 miles
    • 1 accident, 1 owner, corporate fleet vehicle
    • 29 City / 40 Hwy MPG
    • Grubbs Nissan of Tulsa (53 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Upgraded Headlights
    • Blind Spot Monitorin...
    Close

    Located in Tulsa, OK / 53 miles away from Tahlequah, OK

    Priced below KBB Fair Purchase Price! CARFAX One-Owner.Why get your next vehicle from Nissan of Tulsa? - Of course price is important and we do a grea...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    33 Combined MPG (29 City/40 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 3VW7X7BU9SM012891
    Stock: SM012891
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 04-24-2025

  • $18,590
    fair price
    $705 below market
    • 17,634 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, rental vehicle
    • 30 City / 41 Hwy MPG
    • Carvana (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Upgraded Headlights
    • Blind Spot Monitorin...
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    Close

    Located in Portland, OR / 1,584 miles away from Tahlequah, OK

    At Carvana, we go miles beyond the extra mile. That's why we provide you with a convenient, fast, and hassle-free car buying experience that puts you ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    34 Combined MPG (30 City/41 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 3VW5M7BU2RM082176
    Stock: 2003733166
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 05-10-2025

  • New Listing
    $25,998
    fair price
    $644 below market
    • 16,103 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 29 City / 40 Hwy MPG
    • Everett Volkswagen (52 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Rogers, AR / 52 miles away from Tahlequah, OK

    New Price! Certified. Opal White Pearl 2024 Volkswagen Jetta 1.5T SEL FWD 8-Speed Automatic with Tiptronic 1.5L I-4 DI DOHC Turbocharged ONLY AT EVERE...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    33 Combined MPG (29 City/40 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 3VWGM7BU9RM096374
    Stock: M096374
    Certified Pre-Owned: Yes
    Listed since: 07-01-2025

  • Advertisement

    4 Offers Nearby

    2025 Volkswagen Jetta
    $21,995*
    starting MSRP
    • 5 Colors
    • 4 Trims
    • 1 Package
    View Offers 
    * Starting MSRP of $21,995 for a 2025 Jetta S 1.5L TSI® with 8-speed automatic transmission. Prices exclude destination, taxes, title, other options, and dealer charges. Dealer sets actual price.
    • 11,314 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 29 City / 40 Hwy MPG
    • Jake Sweeney Express (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Upgraded Headlights
    • Blind Spot Monitorin...
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    Close

    Located in Cincinnati, OH / 620 miles away from Tahlequah, OK

    Jake Sweeney Is the only Chrysler Dodge Jeep Ram dealer in the Cincinnati metro area to offer a complementary Lifetime Mechanical Protection with a $0...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    33 Combined MPG (29 City/40 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 3VWBM7BU4RM042054
    Stock: C38531
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 06-17-2025

    • 12,581 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 29 City / 42 Hwy MPG, Manual
    • Carvana (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Upgraded Headlights
    • Blind Spot Monitorin...
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    Close

    Located in San Antonio, TX / 493 miles away from Tahlequah, OK

    At Carvana, we go miles beyond the extra mile. That's why we provide you with a convenient, fast, and hassle-free car buying experience that puts you ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    34 Combined MPG (29 City/42 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 3VWAM7BU3PM035928
    Stock: 2003818710
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 06-11-2025

  • $19,590
    fair price
    $37 below market
    • 14,235 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, rental vehicle
    • 30 City / 41 Hwy MPG
    • Carvana (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Upgraded Headlights
    • Blind Spot Monitorin...
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    Close

    Located in Sacramento, CA / 1,462 miles away from Tahlequah, OK

    At Carvana, we go miles beyond the extra mile. That's why we provide you with a convenient, fast, and hassle-free car buying experience that puts you ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    34 Combined MPG (30 City/41 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 3VW5M7BU5RM090143
    Stock: 2003736283
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 05-24-2025

  • $20,999
    fair price
    $473 above market
    • 42,276 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 29 City / 40 Hwy MPG
    • Enterprise Car Sales (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Upgraded Headlights
    • Blind Spot Monitorin...
    Close

    Located in Shoreline, WA / 1,617 miles away from Tahlequah, OK

    Transfer of vehicle from another location to your neighborhood Enterprise Car Sales may require payment of a non-refundable transfer fee to begin the ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    33 Combined MPG (29 City/40 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 3VWEM7BUXRM007144
    Stock: 7WDKPK
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 06-16-2025

  • Advertisement

    4 Offers Nearby

    2025 Volkswagen Jetta
    $21,995*
    starting MSRP
    • 5 Colors
    • 4 Trims
    • 1 Package
    View Offers 
    * Starting MSRP of $21,995 for a 2025 Jetta S 1.5L TSI® with 8-speed automatic transmission. Prices exclude destination, taxes, title, other options, and dealer charges. Dealer sets actual price.
    • 21,525 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, rental vehicle
    • 30 City / 41 Hwy MPG
    • Carvana (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Upgraded Headlights
    • Blind Spot Monitorin...
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    Close

    Located in Dallas, TX / 239 miles away from Tahlequah, OK

    At Carvana, we go miles beyond the extra mile. That's why we provide you with a convenient, fast, and hassle-free car buying experience that puts you ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    34 Combined MPG (30 City/41 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 3VW5M7BU4RM088691
    Stock: 2003703965
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 05-02-2025

  • Price Drop
    $18,590
    fair price
    $240 below market
    • 23,479 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, rental vehicle
    • 30 City / 41 Hwy MPG
    • Carvana (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Upgraded Headlights
    • Blind Spot Monitorin...
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    Close

    Located in Phoenix, AZ / 983 miles away from Tahlequah, OK

    At Carvana, we go miles beyond the extra mile. That's why we provide you with a convenient, fast, and hassle-free car buying experience that puts you ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    34 Combined MPG (30 City/41 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 3VW5M7BU8RM045200
    Stock: 2003833178
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 06-21-2025

  • New Listing
    • 3,223 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 29 City / 40 Hwy MPG
    • CarMax (In-stock online)
    • Transfer available from WA to OK*
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Upgraded Headlights
    • Blind Spot Monitorin...
    Close

    Located in Puyallup, WA / 1,602 miles away from Tahlequah, OK

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    33 Combined MPG (29 City/40 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 3VW7M7BU2NM023258
    Stock: 27454690
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

    • 13,175 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 31 City / 41 Hwy MPG
    • CarMax (In-stock online)
    • Transfer available from GA to OK*
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Upgraded Headlights
    • Blind Spot Monitorin...
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    Close

    Located in Lithia Springs, GA / 605 miles away from Tahlequah, OK

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    35 Combined MPG (31 City/41 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 3VW5M7BU3PM050012
    Stock: 27461650
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

    • 6,219 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 29 City / 40 Hwy MPG
    • CarMax (In-stock online)
    • Transfer available from CA to OK*
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Upgraded Headlights
    • Blind Spot Monitorin...
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    Close

    Located in Sacramento, CA / 1,461 miles away from Tahlequah, OK

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    33 Combined MPG (29 City/40 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 3VWBM7BU6PM005360
    Stock: 27458205
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

Showing 148 - 168 out of 683 listings
Filters
Skip to Results

Applied Filters4Active

Select Buying Experience

Location

Search radius100 miles
Search radius

Make & Model

Year

New / Used

Price & Payments

Price Rating

Trim

Mileage

Accidents & History

Engine & Drivetrain

Exterior Color

Interior Color

Total Seating

Edmunds Review

Features

Options & Packages

MPG

Listing Details


* Delivery of any kind does not apply to Alaska and Hawaii. Contact the dealer for delivery details, restrictions and costs.