Skip to main content
Skip to Filters
132 listings
  • $8,900
    good price
    $650 below market
    • 157,692 miles
    • No accidents, 3 owners, personal use
    • 25 City / 34 Hwy MPG
    • Dan Cummins Chevrolet Buick of Paris (100 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • USB Inputs
    Close

    Located in Paris, KY / 100 miles away from Huntington, WV

    This 2018 Subaru Legacy 2.5i is being offered to you as an alternative to us taking to the auction. This Legacy is great vehicle for everyday commutes...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    29 Combined MPG (25 City/34 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 4S3BNAA65J3026709
    Stock: 122611A
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 05-10-2025

  • $17,172
    fair price
    $84 below market
    • 69,198 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use
    • 25 City / 34 Hwy MPG
    • University Ford (3 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Power Driver Seat
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    Close

    Located in Huntington, WV / 3 miles away from Huntington, WV

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    29 Combined MPG (25 City/34 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 4S3BNAF63K3014620
    Stock: YP1872
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 05-20-2025

  • New Listing
    $7,999
    fair price
    $436 above market
    • 163,500 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 24 City / 32 Hwy MPG
    • Tri-State Auto Connection (11 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Power Driver Seat
    Close

    Located in Ashland, KY / 11 miles away from Huntington, WV

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    27 Combined MPG (24 City/32 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 4S3BMBH60E3022698
    Stock: 022698
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • New Listing
    Stock photo**
    $6,725
    fair price
    $415 above market
    • 159,484 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use only
    • 23 City / 31 Hwy MPG
    • Dutch Miller Hyundai (2 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Power Driver Seat
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • Alarm
    Close

    Located in Huntington, WV / 2 miles away from Huntington, WV

    Vehicle DetailsFor those seeking a reliable and versatile vehicle, look no further than this 2011 Subaru Legacy 2.5i Premium with All-Weather Package ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    26 Combined MPG (23 City/31 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 4S3BMBG63B3231883
    Stock: T45210AA
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 05-29-2025

  • Advertisement

    2 Offers Nearby

    2025 Subaru Legacy
    $26,810
    starting MSRP
    • 5 Colors
    • 4 Trims
    • 2 Packages
    View Offers 
    MSRP is subject to change and varies based on availability, trim level, option packages, and retailer-installed accessories. MSRP excludes destination and delivery charges, tax, title, registration, and other fees. Retailer sets actual price. See your retailer for details.
    • 35,085 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 26 City / 36 Hwy MPG
    • Dan Cummins Chevrolet Buick of Paris (100 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Power Driver Seat
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    Close

    Located in Paris, KY / 100 miles away from Huntington, WV

    Experience the Road with Confidence in the 2016 Subaru Legacy 2.5i – Venetian Red Pearl, Where Performance Meets Style in Every MileDiscover ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    30 Combined MPG (26 City/36 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 4S3BNAF63G3004581
    Stock: 63705
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 05-16-2025

  • $26,000
    great price
    $3,451 below market
    • 15,545 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 24 City / 32 Hwy MPG
    • Driveway (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    Close

    Located in Las Vegas, NV / 1,800 miles away from Huntington, WV

    CarFax 1-Owner,Low Mileage,High Demand,Apple CarPlay,Back-Up Camera,Blind Spot Monitor,Bluetooth,Brake Assist,Heated Seats,Heated Steering Wheel,Keyle...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    27 Combined MPG (24 City/32 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 4S3BWGP63M3020421
    Stock: M3020421P
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • Price Drop
    $21,250
    great price
    $3,963 below market
    • 32,039 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use
    • 27 City / 35 Hwy MPG
    • Driveway (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Freehold, NJ / 455 miles away from Huntington, WV

    CarFax No Accidents Reported,CarFax 1-Owner,Apple CarPlay,Back-Up Camera,Blind Spot Monitor,Bluetooth,Brake Assist,Heated Seats,Keyless Start,Lane Kee...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    30 Combined MPG (27 City/35 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 4S3BWAF64N3026227
    Stock: SW531850A
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • $21,794
    great price
    $2,470 below market
    • 64,117 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 24 City / 32 Hwy MPG
    • Driveway (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    Close

    Located in Avondale, AZ / 1,699 miles away from Huntington, WV

    High Demand,Rare Find,Apple CarPlay,Back-Up Camera,Blind Spot Monitor,Bluetooth,Brake Assist,Heated Seats,Heated Steering Wheel,Keyless Start,Lane Kee...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    27 Combined MPG (24 City/32 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 4S3BWGP69M3007883
    Stock: P06614
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • Advertisement

    2 Offers Nearby

    2025 Subaru Legacy
    $26,810
    starting MSRP
    • 5 Colors
    • 4 Trims
    • 2 Packages
    View Offers 
    MSRP is subject to change and varies based on availability, trim level, option packages, and retailer-installed accessories. MSRP excludes destination and delivery charges, tax, title, registration, and other fees. Retailer sets actual price. See your retailer for details.
  • Price Drop
    $15,657
    great price
    $2,581 below market
    • 64,022 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use
    • 25 City / 34 Hwy MPG
    • Driveway (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    Close

    Located in Tampa, FL / 715 miles away from Huntington, WV

    CarFax No Accidents Reported,Rare Find,Apple CarPlay,Back-Up Camera,Blind Spot Monitor,Bluetooth,Brake Assist,Heated Seats,Keyless Start,Leather Seats...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    29 Combined MPG (25 City/34 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 4S3BNAN63J3019767
    Stock: J3019767A
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • $5,495
    great price
    $1,483 below market
    • 136,703 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 23 City / 31 Hwy MPG
    • Nice Auto Group (97 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Power Driver Seat
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • Alarm
    • Trip Computer
    Close

    Located in Carroll, OH / 97 miles away from Huntington, WV

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    26 Combined MPG (23 City/31 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 4S3BMCC68B3263434
    Stock: T11SL3434
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 02-11-2025

  • $6,999
    great price
    $1,249 below market
    • 144,431 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use only
    • 24 City / 32 Hwy MPG
    • South Fifth Automotive (89 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Power Driver Seat
    Close

    Located in Marietta, OH / 89 miles away from Huntington, WV

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    27 Combined MPG (24 City/32 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 4S3BMCK68D3006116
    Stock: 006116
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 03-30-2025

  • Price Drop
    $10,298
    good price
    $834 below market
    • 116,487 miles
    • No accidents, 3 owners, personal use
    • 26 City / 36 Hwy MPG
    • Driveway (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Blind Spot Monitorin...
    • Power Driver Seat
    Close

    Located in Medford, OR / 2,121 miles away from Huntington, WV

    CarFax No Accidents Reported,Rare Find,Back-Up Camera,Blind Spot Monitor,Bluetooth,Brake Assist,Heated Seats,Lane Keeping Assist,Satellite Radio,Heate...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    30 Combined MPG (26 City/36 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 4S3BNAF63F3053584
    Stock: 53584B
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • Advertisement

    2 Offers Nearby

    2025 Subaru Legacy
    $26,810
    starting MSRP
    • 5 Colors
    • 4 Trims
    • 2 Packages
    View Offers 
    MSRP is subject to change and varies based on availability, trim level, option packages, and retailer-installed accessories. MSRP excludes destination and delivery charges, tax, title, registration, and other fees. Retailer sets actual price. See your retailer for details.
  • Price Drop
    $17,990
    good price
    $2,050 below market
    • 67,101 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, corporate fleet vehicle
    • 27 City / 35 Hwy MPG
    • Driveway (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Los Angeles, CA / 2,012 miles away from Huntington, WV

    Rare Find,Apple CarPlay,Back-Up Camera,Blind Spot Monitor,Bluetooth,Brake Assist,Heated Seats,Keyless Start,Lane Keeping Assist,Navigation System,Sate...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    30 Combined MPG (27 City/35 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 4S3BWAF67M3010442
    Stock: M3010442P
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • $28,413
    good price
    $1,080 below market
    • 4,681 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 27 City / 35 Hwy MPG
    • Driveway (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    Close

    Located in Waukesha, WI / 438 miles away from Huntington, WV

    CarFax No Accidents Reported,CarFax 1-Owner,Low Mileage,Rare Find,Apple CarPlay,Back-Up Camera,Blind Spot Monitor,Bluetooth,Brake Assist,Heated Seats,...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    30 Combined MPG (27 City/35 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 4S3BWAN65R3021058
    Stock: SR3021058
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

    • 69,478 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use only
    • 20 City / 28 Hwy MPG
    • Driveway (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Leather Seats
    • Upgraded Headlights
    Close

    Located in Mesquite, TX / 883 miles away from Huntington, WV

    Low Mileage,High Demand,Back-Up Camera,Blind Spot Monitor,Bluetooth,Brake Assist,Heated Seats,Lane Departure Warning,Leather Seats,Navigation System,P...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    23 Combined MPG (20 City/28 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 4S3BNEN61F3014324
    Stock: F3014324A
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • Price Drop
    $22,000
    good price
    $703 below market
    • 18,395 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use
    • 27 City / 35 Hwy MPG
    • Driveway (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Upgraded Headlights
    • Power Driver Seat
    Close

    Located in Troy, MI / 290 miles away from Huntington, WV

    Low Mileage,Apple CarPlay,Back-Up Camera,Bluetooth,Brake Assist,Heated Seats,Lane Keeping Assist,Satellite Radio,Heated Seats,Power Door Locks,Satelli...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    30 Combined MPG (27 City/35 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 4S3BWAC6XN3026513
    Stock: N3026513PS
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • Advertisement

    2 Offers Nearby

    2025 Subaru Legacy
    $26,810
    starting MSRP
    • 5 Colors
    • 4 Trims
    • 2 Packages
    View Offers 
    MSRP is subject to change and varies based on availability, trim level, option packages, and retailer-installed accessories. MSRP excludes destination and delivery charges, tax, title, registration, and other fees. Retailer sets actual price. See your retailer for details.
  • $23,800
    fair price
    $652 above market
    • 14,035 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use
    • 27 City / 35 Hwy MPG
    • Driveway (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Upgraded Headlights
    • Power Driver Seat
    Close

    Located in Troy, MI / 290 miles away from Huntington, WV

    Apple CarPlay,Back-Up Camera,Bluetooth,Brake Assist,Heated Seats,Lane Keeping Assist,Satellite Radio,Heated Seats,Power Door Locks,Satellite Radio,Bra...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    30 Combined MPG (27 City/35 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 4S3BWAC61P3015290
    Stock: P3015290PS
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • $29,695
    fair price
    $33 above market
    • 3,927 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 27 City / 35 Hwy MPG
    • Driveway (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Leather Seats
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in Coraopolis, PA / 191 miles away from Huntington, WV

    CarFax No Accidents Reported,CarFax 1-Owner,Low Mileage,Apple CarPlay,Back-Up Camera,Blind Spot Monitor,Bluetooth,Brake Assist,Heated Seats,Heated Ste...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    30 Combined MPG (27 City/35 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 4S3BWAN67R3024673
    Stock: SLR3024673
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • Price Drop
    $19,200
    good price
    $2,513 below market
    • 37,894 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use
    • 27 City / 35 Hwy MPG
    • Driveway (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Upgraded Headlights
    Close

    Located in Old Bridge, NJ / 454 miles away from Huntington, WV

    CarFax No Accidents Reported,Rare Find,Apple CarPlay,Back-Up Camera,Blind Spot Monitor,Bluetooth,Brake Assist,Heated Seats,Keyless Start,Lane Keeping ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    30 Combined MPG (27 City/35 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 4S3BWAD61M3004297
    Stock: AHP9336
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • Price Drop
    $15,500
    good price
    $2,127 below market
    • 77,133 miles
    • 1 accident, 3 owners, personal use only
    • 25 City / 34 Hwy MPG
    • Driveway (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    Close

    Located in Costa Mesa, CA / 1,995 miles away from Huntington, WV

    High Demand,Apple CarPlay,Back-Up Camera,Blind Spot Monitor,Bluetooth,Brake Assist,Heated Seats,Keyless Start,Lane Keeping Assist,Leather Seats,Naviga...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    29 Combined MPG (25 City/34 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 4S3BNAN6XK3030069
    Stock: K3030069A
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • $23,266
    fair price
    $469 above market
    • 19,151 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 27 City / 35 Hwy MPG
    • Driveway (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Upgraded Headlights
    • Power Driver Seat
    Close

    Located in Clovis, CA / 2,029 miles away from Huntington, WV

    Rare Find,Apple CarPlay,Back-Up Camera,Blind Spot Monitor,Brake Assist,Heated Seats,Keyless Start,Lane Keeping Assist,Satellite Radio,Heated Seats,Pow...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    30 Combined MPG (27 City/35 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 4S3BWAD64P3009692
    Stock: P3009692PL
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

Showing 1 - 21 out of 132 listings
Filters
Skip to Results

Applied Filters4Active

Select Buying Experience

Location

Search radius100 miles
Search radius

Make & Model

Year

New / Used

Price & Payments

Price Rating

Trim

Mileage

Accidents & History

Engine & Drivetrain

Exterior Color

Interior Color

Total Seating

Edmunds Review

Features

Options & Packages

MPG

Listing Details


* Delivery of any kind does not apply to Alaska and Hawaii. Contact the dealer for delivery details, restrictions and costs.