Your Privacy

By accessing this website, you acknowledge that Edmunds and its third-party business partners may use cookies, pixels, and similar technologies to collect information about you and your interactions with the website as described in our Privacy Statement; and you agree that your use of the website is subject to our Visitor Agreement.
Skip to main content
Skip to Filters
267 listings
  • New Listing
    • 140,579 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 8 Seats, 29 City / 27 Hwy MPG
    • Driveway (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    Close

    Located in Van Nuys, CA / 1,257 miles away from Garland, TX

    Rare Find,Green Vehicle,3rd Row Seat,Back-Up Camera,Blind Spot Monitor,Bluetooth,Brake Assist,Heated Seats,Keyless Start,Lane Keeping Assist,Leather S...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    28 Combined MPG (29 City/27 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 5TDJGRFH6KS062682
    Stock: KS062682T
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • New Listing
    • 44,689 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 7 Seats, 29 City / 27 Hwy MPG
    • CarMax (In-stock online)
    • Transfer available from VA to TX*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Midlothian, VA / 1,116 miles away from Garland, TX

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    28 Combined MPG (29 City/27 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 5TDDGRFH6KS057690
    Stock: 27251979
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • New Listing
    • 46,102 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use only
    • 7 Seats, 29 City / 27 Hwy MPG
    • CarMax (In-stock online)
    • Transfer available from CA to TX*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Visalia, CA / 1,315 miles away from Garland, TX

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    28 Combined MPG (29 City/27 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 5TDDGRFH4KS073760
    Stock: 26869093
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • New Listing
    • 56,283 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 7 Seats, 29 City / 27 Hwy MPG
    • CarMax (In-stock online)
    • Transfer available from CA to TX*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Bakersfield, CA / 1,289 miles away from Garland, TX

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    28 Combined MPG (29 City/27 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 5TDDGRFH4KS071488
    Stock: 27006577
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • New Listing
    • 45,125 miles
    • 1 accident, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 7 Seats, 29 City / 27 Hwy MPG
    • Carvana (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Philadelphia, PA / 1,288 miles away from Garland, TX

    At Carvana, we go miles beyond the extra mile. That's why we provide you with a convenient, fast, and hassle-free car buying experience that puts you ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    28 Combined MPG (29 City/27 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 5TDDGRFH4KS075198
    Stock: 2003674266
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 04-26-2025

    • 75,311 miles
    • 1 accident, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 7 Seats, 29 City / 27 Hwy MPG
    • Freeman Toyota (35 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Hurst, TX / 35 miles away from Garland, TX

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    28 Combined MPG (29 City/27 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 5TDDGRFH1KS058455
    Stock: KS058455
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 05-06-2025

  • Price Drop
    • 86,008 miles
    • 1 accident, 2 owners, personal use only
    • 8 Seats, 29 City / 27 Hwy MPG
    • CarMax (In-stock online)
    • Transfer available from MO to TX*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    Close

    Located in Springfield, MO / 352 miles away from Garland, TX

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    28 Combined MPG (29 City/27 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 5TDJGRFHXKS063639
    Stock: 26895379
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • New Listing
    • 54,425 miles
    • 2 accidents, 2 owners, personal use only
    • 8 Seats, 29 City / 27 Hwy MPG
    • CarMax (In-stock online)
    • Transfer available from VA to TX*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    Close

    Located in Fredericksburg, VA / 1,133 miles away from Garland, TX

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    28 Combined MPG (29 City/27 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 5TDJGRFH1KS078577
    Stock: 26826218
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

    • 162,250 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 7 Seats, 29 City / 27 Hwy MPG
    • ADL Auto Sales (51 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Fort Worth, TX / 51 miles away from Garland, TX

    At ADL Auto Sales we offer flexible financing options. Our Easy Finance program makes purchasing your vehicle a breeze. We offer cash & finance quote ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    28 Combined MPG (29 City/27 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 5TDDGRFH7JS037480
    Stock: P3595
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 04-25-2025

  • New Listing
    • 83,109 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use only
    • 8 Seats, 30 City / 28 Hwy MPG
    • CarMax (In-stock online)
    • Transfer available from CA to TX*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Third-row seating
    Close

    Located in Sacramento, CA / 1,438 miles away from Garland, TX

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    29 Combined MPG (30 City/28 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 5TDBGRFH0JS044035
    Stock: 27457368
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

    • 43,330 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 7 Seats, 29 City / 27 Hwy MPG
    • Carvana (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    Close

    Located in Boston, MA / 1,533 miles away from Garland, TX

    At Carvana, we go miles beyond the extra mile. That's why we provide you with a convenient, fast, and hassle-free car buying experience that puts you ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    28 Combined MPG (29 City/27 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 5TDDGRFH5JS051264
    Stock: 2003611444
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 04-07-2025

    • 63,468 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 7 Seats, 29 City / 27 Hwy MPG
    • Driveway (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Minneapolis, MN / 849 miles away from Garland, TX

    CarFax 1-Owner,Rare Find,Green Vehicle,3rd Row Seat,Back-Up Camera,Blind Spot Monitor,Bluetooth,Brake Assist,Chrome Wheels,Heated Seats,Heated Steerin...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    28 Combined MPG (29 City/27 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 5TDDGRFH8HS031147
    Stock: HS031147A
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • Price Drop
    • 61,211 miles
    • No accidents, 3 owners, personal use only
    • 7 Seats, 29 City / 27 Hwy MPG
    • Carvana (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Phoenix, AZ / 892 miles away from Garland, TX

    At Carvana, we go miles beyond the extra mile. That's why we provide you with a convenient, fast, and hassle-free car buying experience that puts you ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    28 Combined MPG (29 City/27 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 5TDDGRFH6HS035259
    Stock: 2003724340
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 05-21-2025

  • New Listing
    • 79,807 miles
    • 7 Seats, 29 City / 27 Hwy MPG
    • CarMax (In-stock online)
    • Transfer available from AZ to TX*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Gilbert, AZ / 876 miles away from Garland, TX

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary Unavailable.

    Features and Specs:

    28 Combined MPG (29 City/27 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 5TDDGRFH3HS030102
    Stock: 27160781
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • New Listing
    • 102,587 miles
    • No accidents, 3 owners, personal use
    • 7 Seats, 27 City / 28 Hwy MPG
    • CarMax (In-stock online)
    • Transfer available from MD to TX*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    Close

    Located in White Marsh, MD / 1,207 miles away from Garland, TX

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    28 Combined MPG (27 City/28 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 5TDDCRFH6GS018035
    Stock: 26603347
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • New Listing
    • 100,698 miles
    • 7 Seats, 27 City / 28 Hwy MPG
    • CarMax (In-stock online)
    • Transfer available from TN to TX*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    Close

    Located in Bristol, TN / 853 miles away from Garland, TX

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary Unavailable.

    Features and Specs:

    28 Combined MPG (27 City/28 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 5TDDCRFH6GS015121
    Stock: 26663627
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • $21,195
    great price
    $3,044 below market
    • 98,583 miles
    • No accidents, 4 owners, personal use only
    • 7 Seats, 27 City / 28 Hwy MPG
    • Driveway (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    Close

    Located in North Brunswick, NJ / 1,328 miles away from Garland, TX

    High Demand,Green Vehicle,3rd Row Seat,Back-Up Camera,Blind Spot Monitor,Bluetooth,Brake Assist,Chrome Wheels,Heated Seats,Keyless Start,Leather Seats...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    28 Combined MPG (27 City/28 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 5TDDCRFH4FS008568
    Stock: BTP11677
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • New Listing
    • 130,372 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use only
    • 7 Seats, 27 City / 28 Hwy MPG
    • Bob Utter Kia (51 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    Close

    Located in Sherman, TX / 51 miles away from Garland, TX

    Clean CARFAX. NAVIGATION, REAR BACKUP CAMERA, LEATHER SEATS, HEATED & COOLED SEATS, HEATED STEERING WHEEL, SUN MOON ROOF, BLUETOOTH HANDS FREE, ABS br...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    28 Combined MPG (27 City/28 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 5TDDCRFHXFS012933
    Stock: KT24448B
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 02-18-2025

  • New Listing
    • 211,916 miles
    • 7 Seats, 27 City / 25 Hwy MPG
    • Salvage Reseller West (25 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Leather Seats
    • Third-row seating
    • Power Driver Seat
    Close

    Located in Grand Prairie, TX / 25 miles away from Garland, TX

    This vehicle is located at Tucson, AZ Copart yard. All purchases must take place online at www.salvagereseller.com. Visit our website to learn more.

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary Unavailable.

    Features and Specs:

    26 Combined MPG (27 City/25 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JTEEW44A982004350
    Stock: 56765965
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 05-29-2025

  • New Listing
    $21,998
    good price
    $2,469 below market
    • 102,782 miles
    • 7 Seats, 27 City / 28 Hwy MPG
    • CarMax (In-stock online)
    • Transfer available from OH to TX*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    Close

    Located in Columbus, OH / 899 miles away from Garland, TX

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary Unavailable.

    Features and Specs:

    28 Combined MPG (27 City/28 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 5TDDCRFH6FS007325
    Stock: 27487328
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • New Listing
    $32,998
    fair price
    $761 above market
    • 28,526 miles
    • 7 Seats, 27 City / 28 Hwy MPG
    • CarMax (In-stock online)
    • Transfer available from CA to TX*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    Close

    Located in Sacramento, CA / 1,438 miles away from Garland, TX

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary Unavailable.

    Features and Specs:

    28 Combined MPG (27 City/28 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 5TDDCRFH9FS013281
    Stock: 27333996
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

Showing 232 - 252 out of 267 listings

Consumer Reviews for the Toyota Highlander Hybrid

Read recent reviews for the Toyota Highlander Hybrid
Overall Consumer Rating
4.4 out of 5 stars39 Reviews
Write a vehicle reviewSee all 39 reviews
  • 5 star
    (69%)
  • 4 star
    (10%)
  • 3 star
    (10%)
  • 2 star
    (8%)
  • 1 star
    (3%)
5 out of 5 stars

Simply Amazing!!!

Sully Lang, 04/17/2022
2022 Toyota Highlander Hybrid XLE 4dr SUV AWD (2.5L 4cyl gas/electric hybrid CVT)
Purchased this 2022 Highlander after my Avalanche was totaled from an incident on icy roads. I really wanted better gas mileage, and used vehicles prices were stupid high because of the current economic circus. We've taken the truck on two extended road trips (300 miles, and 1000 miles round trip). During both road trips the truck averaged 34 MPG or better. On the 300 mile trip I was … driving through ice and snow from Michigan to Indiana in February. Any other vehicle and mileage would have suffered greatly, but not the Highlander Hybrid. It performed flawlessly. It has been very comfortable on both short and long trips, and all the accessories seem work perfectly. The Softex (vegan leather) seats are really nice as well. This truck was the perfect replacement for the Avalanche except for only having a 3500lb tow rating. Since I don't have anything heavy to tow, it's fine for now. I am always able to achieve about 34 or 35 mpg when I drive, but my lead foot wife can't seem to manage better then 32 or 33 (LOL). I see a lot of posts about noise in the highlander, and that just isn't the case with mine. Smooth and quiet most of the time. The exception is when accelerating strongly. It roars a bit loudly, like a sports car should, but not and SUV. Once up to speed in cruise control, it's quiet. I'm not a big fan of the Lane centering program. Mostly because it veers a bit when the painted lines disappear at off ramps and such. Sometimes it seems to swing left and right before finding itself. 95% of the time it works just fine. Overall this is the finest vehicle I've ever owned, and I feel lucky to have been able to buy it on short notice after my other vehicle was totaled. Most dealerships had almost no inventory. Vehicles on their web pages were mostly in transit. Update 21 Oct 2022: Vehicle is just over 10k miles and still runs like the day we brought it home. This is a great vehicle that gets amazing fuel economy for a 4500lb 8 passenger SUV. Update 4/21/23 - over 21k miles, zero issues. The Highlander Hybrid is fantastic!
Report abuse

Used 2019 Toyota Highlander Hybrid in Garland, TX Values

Estimated values
2019 Toyota Highlander Hybrid XLE 4dr SUV AWD (3.5L 6cyl gas/electric hybrid CVT) with no options
ConditionTrade-InPrivate PartyDealer Retail
Outstanding$23,576$27,134$30,295
Clean$22,858$26,300$29,355
Average$21,661$24,909$27,790
Rough$20,104$23,102$25,755

The average list price of a used 2019 Toyota Highlander Hybrid in Garland, Texas is $28,396. The average mileage on a used Toyota Highlander Hybrid 2019 for sale in Garland, Texas is 86,531. Based on the average mileage of 86,531 for used 2019 Toyota Highlander Hybrid for sale in Garland, TX and using an average vehicle condition rating, which means the vehicle may have a few mechanical and/or cosmetic problems and may require a considerable amount of reconditioning, we appraise the average trade-in value of a used Toyota Highlander Hybrid 2019 in Garland, Texas to be $21,661.

Filters
Skip to Results

Applied Filters4Active

Select Buying Experience

Location

Search radius100 miles
Search radius

Make & Model

Year

New / Used

Price & Payments

Price Rating

Body Type

Trim

Mileage

Accidents & History

Engine & Drivetrain

Exterior Color

Interior Color

Total Seating

Edmunds Review

Features

Options & Packages

MPG

Listing Details


* Delivery of any kind does not apply to Alaska and Hawaii. Contact the dealer for delivery details, restrictions and costs.