Skip to main content
Skip to Filters
1,573 listings
  • New Listing
    $42,000
    fair price
    $54 above market
    • 34,914 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, rental vehicle
    • 5 Seats, 16 City / 19 Hwy MPG
    • Lowe Toyota of Warner Robins (96 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Upgraded Headlights
    Close

    Located in Warner Robins, GA / 96 miles away from Athens, GA

    We take great pride in selecting top-quality pre-owned inventory that are not only reliable but also offer exceptional value for your money. Each vehi...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    17 Combined MPG (16 City/19 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JTEFU5JR5P5295923
    Stock: P9723
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 06-22-2025

  • $35,997
    good price
    $1,041 below market
    • 40,725 miles
    • 1 accident, 1 owner, rental vehicle
    • 5 Seats, 16 City / 19 Hwy MPG
    • Day's Chevrolet Of Jasper (71 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Upgraded Headlights
    • Blind Spot Monitorin...
    Close

    Located in Jasper, GA / 71 miles away from Athens, GA

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    17 Combined MPG (16 City/19 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JTEEU5JR8P5302858
    Stock: P3088
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 03-28-2025

    • 22,780 miles
    • 1 accident, 1 owner, personal use
    • 5 Seats, 16 City / 19 Hwy MPG
    • CarMax (In-stock online)
    • Transfer available from TX to GA*
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Upgraded Headlights
    Close

    Located in Killeen, TX / 858 miles away from Athens, GA

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    17 Combined MPG (16 City/19 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JTEFU5JRXP5292046
    Stock: 27425368
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • New Listing
    • 342 miles
    • No accidents, personal use only
    • 5 Seats
    • Don Jackson North (46 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Upgraded Headlights
    Close

    Located in Cumming, GA / 46 miles away from Athens, GA

    470-533-5400. MUST MENTION OR PRESENT AD AT TIME OF PURCHASE TO RECEIVE ADVERTISED PRICE. Don Jackson Chrysler Dodge Jeep Ram North offers the most co...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JTEVB5BR2S5003251
    Stock: R107929A
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 06-23-2025

  • $43,997
    fair price
    $787 above market
    • 60,845 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use
    • 5 Seats, 16 City / 19 Hwy MPG
    • Day's Chevrolet Of Jasper (71 mi away)
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in Jasper, GA / 71 miles away from Athens, GA

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    17 Combined MPG (16 City/19 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JTEDU5JR2P5278827
    Stock: P2956B
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 05-13-2025

    • 99 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 5 Seats
    • ALM Roswell (56 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in Roswell, GA / 56 miles away from Athens, GA

    TRD SPORTS..20'' WHEEL..ADAPTIVE CRUISE..BACKUP CAMERA..HEATED SEATS..BLIND SPOT..LANE DEPART..LANE KEEP ASSIST..BLUETOOTH..SMART DEVICE INTEGRATION.....

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JTEVA5BR6S5004471
    Stock: S5004471
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 05-23-2025

  • $37,990
    fair price
    $172 above market
    • 92,350 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use only
    • 5 Seats, 16 City / 19 Hwy MPG
    • Ralph Hayes Toyota (56 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in Anderson, SC / 56 miles away from Athens, GA

    Recent Arrival! Clean CARFAX.2021 Toyota 4Runner SR5 Premium 4.0L V6 SMPI DOHC Magnetic GrayRalph Hayes Toyota is South Carolina's Oldest Toyota Deale...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    17 Combined MPG (16 City/19 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JTENU5JR4M5934042
    Stock: PP4042
    Certified Pre-Owned: Yes
    Listed since: 06-16-2025

  • New Listing
    • 3,577 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 5 Seats, 16 City / 19 Hwy MPG
    • Carvana (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Upgraded Headlights
    Close

    Located in Richmond, VA / 410 miles away from Athens, GA

    At Carvana, we go miles beyond the extra mile. That's why we provide you with a convenient, fast, and hassle-free car buying experience that puts you ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    17 Combined MPG (16 City/19 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JTEPU5JR6P6090223
    Stock: 2003812254
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 06-24-2025

  • Price Drop
    $46,990
    fair price
    $1,376 above market
    • 10,003 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 5 Seats, 16 City / 19 Hwy MPG
    • Carvana (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in Salt Lake City, UT / 1,624 miles away from Athens, GA

    At Carvana, we go miles beyond the extra mile. That's why we provide you with a convenient, fast, and hassle-free car buying experience that puts you ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    17 Combined MPG (16 City/19 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JTENU5JR3P6205335
    Stock: 2003815247
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 06-14-2025

  • New Listing
    • 4,893 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 5 Seats, 16 City / 19 Hwy MPG
    • CarMax (In-stock online)
    • Transfer available from FL to GA*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in Daytona Beach, FL / 356 miles away from Athens, GA

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    17 Combined MPG (16 City/19 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JTERU5JR7P6178433
    Stock: 27496455
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

    • 5,349 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 5 Seats, 16 City / 19 Hwy MPG
    • CarMax (In-stock online)
    • Transfer available from FL to GA*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in Fort Myers, FL / 518 miles away from Athens, GA

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    17 Combined MPG (16 City/19 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JTERU5JR9P6132568
    Stock: 27406555
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • $49,998
    fair price
    $1,307 above market
    • 7,497 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 5 Seats, 16 City / 19 Hwy MPG
    • CarMax (In-stock online)
    • Transfer available from UT to GA*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in South Jordan, UT / 1,625 miles away from Athens, GA

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: Yes

    Features and Specs:

    17 Combined MPG (16 City/19 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JTENU5JRXP6155064
    Stock: 27213368
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • New Listing
    • 8,984 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 5 Seats, 16 City / 19 Hwy MPG
    • CarMax (In-stock online)
    • Transfer available from CO to GA*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Parker, CO / 1,243 miles away from Athens, GA

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    17 Combined MPG (16 City/19 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JTEKU5JR9P6184915
    Stock: 27085507
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • Price Drop
    • 8,866 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 5 Seats, 16 City / 19 Hwy MPG
    • CarMax (In-stock online)
    • Transfer available from UT to GA*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in South Jordan, UT / 1,625 miles away from Athens, GA

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: Yes

    Features and Specs:

    17 Combined MPG (16 City/19 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JTENU5JR6P6106122
    Stock: 27213431
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • Price Drop
    $51,977
    fair price
    $1,641 above market
    • 10,565 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 5 Seats, 16 City / 19 Hwy MPG
    • Driveway (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Minneapolis, MN / 926 miles away from Athens, GA

    CarFax No Accidents Reported,Low Mileage,Apple CarPlay,Back-Up Camera,Blind Spot Monitor,Bluetooth,Brake Assist,Heated Seats,Keyless Start,Navigation ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    17 Combined MPG (16 City/19 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JTERU5JR6P6212409
    Stock: P6212409M
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • Price Drop
    • 10,211 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 7 Seats, 16 City / 19 Hwy MPG
    • CarMax (In-stock online)
    • Transfer available from ID to GA*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Meridian, ID / 1,882 miles away from Athens, GA

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    17 Combined MPG (16 City/19 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JTEKU5JR8P6189779
    Stock: 27391050
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

    • 10,791 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use
    • 5 Seats, 16 City / 19 Hwy MPG
    • CarMax (In-stock online)
    • Transfer available from NV to GA*
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Third-row seating
    • Upgraded Headlights
    Close

    Located in Henderson, NV / 1,790 miles away from Athens, GA

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    17 Combined MPG (16 City/19 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JTEEU5JR3P5304985
    Stock: 27189483
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • Price Drop
    • 11,907 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use only
    • 5 Seats, 16 City / 19 Hwy MPG
    • CarMax (In-stock online)
    • Transfer available from CT to GA*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in Hartford, CT / 794 miles away from Athens, GA

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    17 Combined MPG (16 City/19 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JTELU5JR0P6141777
    Stock: 26948523
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

    • 12,147 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use only
    • 5 Seats, 16 City / 19 Hwy MPG
    • CarMax (In-stock online)
    • Transfer available from NC to GA*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Winston Salem, NC / 224 miles away from Athens, GA

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: Yes

    Features and Specs:

    17 Combined MPG (16 City/19 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JTERU5JR4P6196808
    Stock: 26600473
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • New Listing
    • 12,288 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 5 Seats, 16 City / 19 Hwy MPG
    • CarMax (In-stock online)
    • Transfer available from VA to GA*
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in Richmond, VA / 411 miles away from Athens, GA

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    17 Combined MPG (16 City/19 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JTEFU5JR5P5296263
    Stock: 26324088
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

    • 13,026 miles
    • No accidents, 3 owners, personal use only
    • 5 Seats, 16 City / 19 Hwy MPG
    • CarMax (In-stock online)
    • Transfer available from TX to GA*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Fort Worth, TX / 801 miles away from Athens, GA

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: Yes

    Features and Specs:

    17 Combined MPG (16 City/19 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JTERU5JR0P6113472
    Stock: 27253237
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

Showing 274 - 294 out of 1,573 listings

Consumer Reviews for the Toyota 4Runner

Read recent reviews for the Toyota 4Runner
Overall Consumer Rating
4.7 out of 5 stars37 Reviews
Write a vehicle reviewSee all 37 reviews
  • 5 star
    (81%)
  • 4 star
    (11%)
  • 3 star
    (5%)
  • 2 star
    (3%)
  • 1 star
    (0%)
5 out of 5 stars

Satisfied Toyota Owner

Satisfied Toyota Owner , 01/31/2023
2023 Toyota 4Runner 40th Anniversary Special Edition 4dr SUV 4WD (4.0L 6cyl 5A)
The Toyota 4Runner is the most solidly built SUV that you can buy today for the price. I keep seeing reports about it being old-school and antiquated but that’s what makes this vehicle so classic, well built, and reliable. It also has a lot of electronics and tech that people don’t give it credit for, for instance, dynamic radar cruise control, automatic emergency braking, including … pedestrian detection, lane departure alert, blind spot monitoring, and rear cross traffic alert. What more do you need? For a truck based SUV, I think the ride is comfortable. I purchased the 40th anniversary edition 4Runner in white, and I think it is a beautiful 4Runner and also extremely capable being 4wheel drive is standard. It also comes with no option packages because everything you need is already included. I’m excited I was be able to get one, being there are a very limited amount being made. I think it’s the best 4Runner yet. Go Toyota.
Report abuse

Used 2023 Toyota 4Runner in Athens, GA Values

Estimated values
2023 Toyota 4Runner SR5 Premium 4dr SUV (4.0L 6cyl 5A) with no options
ConditionTrade-InPrivate PartyDealer Retail
Outstanding$38,487$40,751$43,303
Clean$38,005$40,198$42,670
Average$37,202$39,275$41,614
Rough$36,157$38,076$40,241

The average list price of a used 2023 Toyota 4Runner in Athens, Georgia is $50,180. The average mileage on a used Toyota 4Runner 2023 for sale in Athens, Georgia is 18,198. Based on the average mileage of 18,198 for used 2023 Toyota 4Runner for sale in Athens, GA and using an average vehicle condition rating, which means the vehicle may have a few mechanical and/or cosmetic problems and may require a considerable amount of reconditioning, we appraise the average trade-in value of a used Toyota 4Runner 2023 in Athens, Georgia to be $37,202.

Filters
Skip to Results

Applied Filters4Active

Select Buying Experience

Location

Search radius100 miles
Search radius

Make & Model

Year

New / Used

Price & Payments

Price Rating

Body Type

Trim

Mileage

Accidents & History

Engine & Drivetrain

Exterior Color

Interior Color

Total Seating

Edmunds Review

Features

Options & Packages

MPG

Listing Details


* Delivery of any kind does not apply to Alaska and Hawaii. Contact the dealer for delivery details, restrictions and costs.