Skip to main content
Skip to Filters
8,124 listings
  • New Listing
    Stock photo**
    • 49,819 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, rental vehicle
    • 5 Seats, 27 City / 34 Hwy MPG
    • Lake Keowee Ford (137 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Upgraded Headlights
    • Blind Spot Monitorin...
    Close

    Located in Seneca, SC / 137 miles away from Macon, GA

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    30 Combined MPG (27 City/34 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1FMCU0MN0PUA10954
    Stock: F6220
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 05-18-2025

  • Price Drop
    $22,191
    great price
    $3,277 below market
    • 19,898 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, rental vehicle
    • 5 Seats, 26 City / 32 Hwy MPG
    • Calavan Kia West (76 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Upgraded Headlights
    Close

    Located in Lithia Springs, GA / 76 miles away from Macon, GA

    2024 Ford Escape Active BLIND SPOT MONITOR, APPLE CAR PLAY / ANDROID AUTO, AWD. Clean CARFAX. CARFAX One-Owner.Gray Metallic 1.5L EcoBoost 8-Speed Aut...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    28 Combined MPG (26 City/32 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1FMCU9GN0RUA57453
    Stock: KP6570
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 02-22-2025

  • New Listing
    Stock photo**
    • 50,349 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, rental vehicle
    • 5 Seats, 27 City / 34 Hwy MPG
    • Lake Keowee Ford (137 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Upgraded Headlights
    • Blind Spot Monitorin...
    Close

    Located in Seneca, SC / 137 miles away from Macon, GA

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    30 Combined MPG (27 City/34 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1FMCU0MN7PUA19229
    Stock: F6221
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 05-18-2025

    • 31,433 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use
    • 5 Seats, 26 City / 32 Hwy MPG
    • Current River Ford (475 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Upgraded Headlights
    Close

    Located in Doniphan, MO / 475 miles away from Macon, GA

    This Ford won't be on the lot long! Representing the optimal blend of tarmac tearing performance and silky smooth highway refinement. A turbocharger i...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    28 Combined MPG (26 City/32 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1FMCU9GN2PUA04945
    Stock: 4945P
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 05-07-2025

  • New Listing
    Photos not available
    • 50,463 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, rental vehicle
    • 5 Seats, 26 City / 32 Hwy MPG
    • Lake Keowee Ford (137 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Upgraded Headlights
    Close

    Located in Seneca, SC / 137 miles away from Macon, GA

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    28 Combined MPG (26 City/32 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1FMCU9MN5PUA63332
    Stock: F6223
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 05-18-2025

  • New Listing
    Stock photo**
    • 49,518 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, rental vehicle
    • 5 Seats, 26 City / 32 Hwy MPG
    • Lake Keowee Ford (137 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Upgraded Headlights
    Close

    Located in Seneca, SC / 137 miles away from Macon, GA

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    28 Combined MPG (26 City/32 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1FMCU9MN3PUA01542
    Stock: F6222
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 05-18-2025

    • 40,721 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, corporate fleet vehicle
    • 5 Seats, 26 City / 32 Hwy MPG
    • Toothman Ford Sales (494 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Upgraded Headlights
    Close

    Located in Grafton, WV / 494 miles away from Macon, GA

    Clean CARFAX. AWD. Cars cost less in Grafton! Serving the communities of Grafton, Fairmont, Morgantown, Bridgeport, and Clarksburg for 50 Years! This ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    28 Combined MPG (26 City/32 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1FMCU9GNXPUA10332
    Stock: A11604
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 04-12-2025

  • New Listing
    • 48,913 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use
    • 5 Seats, 27 City / 34 Hwy MPG
    • Gainesville Nissan (238 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Upgraded Headlights
    • Blind Spot Monitorin...
    Close

    Located in Gainesville, FL / 238 miles away from Macon, GA

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    30 Combined MPG (27 City/34 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1FMCU0GN1PUA41142
    Stock: P3837
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 05-18-2025

  • $16,770
    great price
    $3,676 below market
    • 56,717 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, corporate fleet vehicle
    • 5 Seats, 26 City / 31 Hwy MPG
    • Vaughn Ford of Zachary (457 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Blind Spot Monitorin...
    Close

    Located in Zachary, LA / 457 miles away from Macon, GA

    Black Metallic This Escape SE is nicely equipped with Equipment Group 200A, AWD, 3.81 Axle Ratio, 4-Wheel Disc Brakes, 6 Speakers, ABS brakes, Air Con...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: Yes

    Features and Specs:

    28 Combined MPG (26 City/31 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1FMCU9G64NUA62187
    Stock: 9PA62187
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 09-17-2024

    • 71,120 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, corporate fleet vehicle
    • 5 Seats, 42 City / 36 Hwy MPG
    • Chenoweth Ford (483 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Upgraded Headlights
    Close

    Located in Clarksburg, WV / 483 miles away from Macon, GA

    ENGINE: 2.5L IVCT ATKINSON CYCLE I-4 HYBRIDEBONY, UNIQUE CLOTH FRONT BUCKET SEATSAGATE BLACK METALLIC

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    39 Combined MPG (42 City/36 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1FMCU9GZ5PUA25730
    Stock: P6015
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 03-27-2025

    • 23,262 miles
    • 1 accident, 2 owners, corporate fleet vehicle
    • 5 Seats, 27 City / 34 Hwy MPG
    • Town & Country Auto Sales (354 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Upgraded Headlights
    • Blind Spot Monitorin...
    Close

    Located in Winchester, KY / 354 miles away from Macon, GA

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    30 Combined MPG (27 City/34 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1FMCU0MN6PUA08612
    Stock: R-28752
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 05-14-2025

  • Stock photo**
    • 20,019 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use
    • 5 Seats, 42 City / 36 Hwy MPG
    • Jarrett Ford (327 mi away)
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Upgraded Headlights
    • Blind Spot Monitorin...
    Close

    Located in Dade City, FL / 327 miles away from Macon, GA

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    39 Combined MPG (42 City/36 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1FMCU0JZ7PUA15124
    Stock: P11883
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 11-01-2024

  • New Listing
    • 35,357 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use
    • 5 Seats, 28 City / 34 Hwy MPG
    • Don Franklin Ford Lincoln (292 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Blind Spot Monitorin...
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    Close

    Located in London, KY / 292 miles away from Macon, GA

    Certified. CARFAX One-Owner. 28/34 City/Highway MPG Odometer is 5598 miles below market average! Oxford White 2021 Ford Escape SE 4D Sport Utility FWD...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    30 Combined MPG (28 City/34 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1FMCU0G63MUB33969
    Stock: MUB33969
    Certified Pre-Owned: Yes
    Listed since: 04-25-2025

    • 47,405 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, rental vehicle
    • 5 Seats, 26 City / 32 Hwy MPG
    • Toothman Ford Sales (494 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Upgraded Headlights
    Close

    Located in Grafton, WV / 494 miles away from Macon, GA

    CARFAX One-Owner. Clean CARFAX. AWD. Cars cost less in Grafton! Serving the communities of Grafton, Fairmont, Morgantown, Bridgeport, and Clarksburg f...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    28 Combined MPG (26 City/32 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1FMCU9GN7PUA33132
    Stock: A11642
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 04-30-2025

  • Price Drop
    • 16,190 miles
    • 1 accident, 1 owner, personal use
    • 5 Seats, 23 City / 31 Hwy MPG
    • Germain Ford of Beavercreek (472 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in Beavercreek, OH / 472 miles away from Macon, GA

    Ford Gold Certified, 1-Owner, Navigation, Rear View Back-Up Camera, Heated Seats, AWD - Never Worry About The Weather!, AWD, Heated steering wheel, Ne...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    26 Combined MPG (23 City/31 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1FMCU9JA5PUA31398
    Stock: P7450
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 04-22-2025

    • 47,181 miles
    • 2 accidents, 1 owner, personal use
    • 5 Seats, 44 City / 37 Hwy MPG
    • Greenville Nissan (411 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Blind Spot Monitorin...
    Close

    Located in Greenville, NC / 411 miles away from Macon, GA

    2.5L iVCT, 18" Machined-Face Aluminum Wheels, 2.91 Axle Ratio, 4-Wheel Disc Brakes, 6 Speakers, ABS brakes, Adaptive Cruise Control w/Stop-and-Go, Air...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    41 Combined MPG (44 City/37 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1FMCU0CZ6MUA53033
    Stock: U18853
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 04-18-2025

  • New Listing
    Stock photo**
    • 20,514 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use
    • 5 Seats, 23 City / 31 Hwy MPG
    • Eddie Gilstrap Ford (416 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Upgraded Headlights
    Close

    Located in Salem, IN / 416 miles away from Macon, GA

    Eddie Gilstrap Motors is your dealership of choice for quality used cars. Located in Salem Indiana we are your small town pre-owned vehicle dealer. T...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    26 Combined MPG (23 City/31 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1FMCU9JA9PUA47829
    Stock: B12101
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • New Listing
    • 42,135 miles
    • 5 Seats, 43 City / 37 Hwy MPG
    • Carvana - Atlanta (72 mi away)
    • Home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Blind Spot Monitorin...
    Close

    Located in Atlanta, GA / 72 miles away from Macon, GA

    At Carvana, we go miles beyond the extra mile. That's why we provide you with a convenient, fast, and hassle-free car buying experience that puts you ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary Unavailable.

    Features and Specs:

    40 Combined MPG (43 City/37 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1FMCU9BZ7MUB27047
    Stock: 2003739344
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 05-23-2025

    • 49,865 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 5 Seats, 26 City / 32 Hwy MPG
    • Toothman Ford Sales (494 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Upgraded Headlights
    Close

    Located in Grafton, WV / 494 miles away from Macon, GA

    CARFAX One-Owner. Clean CARFAX. AWD. Cars cost less in Grafton! Serving the communities of Grafton, Fairmont, Morgantown, Bridgeport, and Clarksburg f...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    28 Combined MPG (26 City/32 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1FMCU9GN5PUA33369
    Stock: A11695
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 05-07-2025

    • 54,168 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, corporate fleet vehicle
    • 5 Seats, 28 City / 34 Hwy MPG
    • McCluskey Chevrolet (444 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Blind Spot Monitorin...
    Close

    Located in Cincinnati, OH / 444 miles away from Macon, GA

    Call McCluskey Chevrolet at 513-741-1111 to schedule your Free 48 Hour Test Drive.MCCLUSKEY CHEVROLET'S FREE LIFETIME MECHANICAL WARRANTY Unlimited ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    30 Combined MPG (28 City/34 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1FMCU0G62MUA92377
    Stock: A56382NA
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 05-07-2025

  • Stock photo**
    • 49,488 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 5 Seats, 27 City / 34 Hwy MPG
    • Sylvania Ford (127 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Upgraded Headlights
    Close

    Located in Sylvania, GA / 127 miles away from Macon, GA

    NEW TIRES, REAR VIEW CAMERA, PANORAMIC MOONROOF, REMOTE START, PUSH BUTTON START, POWER LIFTGATE, HEATED SEATS, 4-Wheel Disc Brakes, Cold Weather Pack...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    30 Combined MPG (27 City/34 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1FMCU0MN7PUA70598
    Stock: T4400A
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 05-15-2025

Showing 1,429 - 1,449 out of 8,124 listings

Consumer Reviews for the Ford Escape

Read recent reviews for the Ford Escape
Overall Consumer Rating
3.5 out of 5 stars32 Reviews
Write a vehicle reviewSee all 32 reviews
  • 5 star
    (34%)
  • 4 star
    (22%)
  • 3 star
    (13%)
  • 2 star
    (19%)
  • 1 star
    (13%)
5 out of 5 stars

Hybird efficent, smooth handling, tech new styling

Bill Hamel, 06/30/2023
2023 Ford Escape ST-Line Elite 4dr SUV AWD (2.5L 4cyl gas/electric hybrid EVT)
I have owned my 2023 Escape ST-Elite Hybrid AWD for over a month now and I have put many highway miles on it, as well as city here in Chicago. I am comparing this to my recent 2021 Escape SE trade-in and my wife's 2018 Toyota RAV4. I like the Escape already more than the RAV4 even with the updated styling after 2019. I am pleasantly surprised by both the city and highway fuel economy. … Having an Atkinson cycle engine makes the power not as desirable, but the battery torque helps make up for that. The interior is amazing, with power controls on both front seats, plenty of easy to use tech, and enough room to move and haul around stuff up to 1,500lbs total (including passengers). I owned a 2021 Escape SE with 1.5L ecoboost and I can say that the iCVT transmission on the hybrid is MUCH smoother than the 8 speed auto. HIGHLY RECOMMEND THIS VEHICLE!
Report abuse

Used 2023 Ford Escape in Macon, GA Values

Estimated values
2023 Ford Escape ST-Line 4dr SUV (1.5L 3cyl Turbo 8A) with no options
ConditionTrade-InPrivate PartyDealer Retail
Outstanding$16,343$17,706$19,247
Clean$16,146$17,456$18,934
Average$15,817$17,037$18,413
Rough$15,390$16,494$17,736

The average list price of a used 2023 Ford Escape in Macon, Georgia is $24,612. The average mileage on a used Ford Escape 2023 for sale in Macon, Georgia is 41,645. Based on the average mileage of 41,645 for used 2023 Ford Escape for sale in Macon, GA and using an average vehicle condition rating, which means the vehicle may have a few mechanical and/or cosmetic problems and may require a considerable amount of reconditioning, we appraise the average trade-in value of a used Ford Escape 2023 in Macon, Georgia to be $15,817.

Filters
Skip to Results

Applied Filters4Active

Select Buying Experience

Location

Search radius500 miles
Search radius

Make & Model

Year

New / Used

Price & Payments

Price Rating

Body Type

Trim

Mileage

Accidents & History

EV Details

Engine & Drivetrain

Exterior Color

Interior Color

Total Seating

Edmunds Review

Features

Options & Packages

MPG

Listing Details


* Delivery of any kind does not apply to Alaska and Hawaii. Contact the dealer for delivery details, restrictions and costs.