Skip to main content
Skip to Filters
1,278 listings
  • New Listing
    $55,590
    fair price
    $933 above market
    • 9,984 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use only
    • 8cyl automatic
    • Carvana (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Leather Seats
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Upgraded Headlights
    Close

    Located in Chicago, IL / 658 miles away from Reading, PA

    At Carvana, we go miles beyond the extra mile. That's why we provide you with a convenient, fast, and hassle-free car buying experience that puts you ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    17 Combined MPG (14 City/22 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1FA6P8R09P5500054
    Stock: 2003767943
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 06-01-2025

  • New Listing
    $39,995
    fair price
    $2,088 below market
    • 20,596 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use only
    • 8cyl manual
    • Driveway (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in Troy, MI / 406 miles away from Reading, PA

    CarFax No Accidents Reported,Low Mileage,Rare Find,Apple CarPlay,Back-Up Camera,Blind Spot Monitor,Bluetooth,Brake Assist,Heated Seats,Heated Steering...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    18 Combined MPG (15 City/24 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1FA6P8CF1M5153473
    Stock: PM5153473
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • $44,100
    fair price
    $1,584 below market
    • 27,834 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 8cyl automatic
    • Fred Beans Ford of Exton (27 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in Exton, PA / 27 miles away from Reading, PA

    Recent Arrival! 2023 Ford Mustang GT Premium 5.0L V8 Ti-VCT 10-Speed Automatic RWD 2D Coupe Dark Matter Gray Metallic Local Trade, Great Service Histo...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    18 Combined MPG (15 City/24 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1FA6P8CF1P5306549
    Stock: E00940J
    Certified Pre-Owned: Yes
    Listed since: 05-26-2025

  • New Listing
    $39,998
    fair price
    $792 below market
    • 13,360 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 8cyl automatic
    • CarMax (In-stock online)
    • Transfer available from CA to PA*
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Upgraded Headlights
    • Blind Spot Monitorin...
    Close

    Located in Oceanside, CA / 2,321 miles away from Reading, PA

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    18 Combined MPG (15 City/24 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1FA6P8CF5P5301225
    Stock: 27236921
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • $41,500
    fair price
    $1,546 below market
    • 13,167 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use only
    • 8cyl automatic
    • Chapman Chevrolet (48 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in Philadelphia, PA / 48 miles away from Reading, PA

    JUST ARRIVED!! Call today to schedule an appointment to see this vehicle.. but hurry this wont last, BLUETOOTH, BACK UP CAMERA, 12" LCD Digital Instru...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1FATP8FF9M5133728
    Stock: GP5174
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 05-02-2025

  • New Listing
    $30,998
    fair price
    $705 above market
    • 12,506 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use only
    • 4cyl automatic
    • CarMax (In-stock online)
    • Transfer available from OH to PA*
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in Cincinnati, OH / 463 miles away from Reading, PA

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    24 Combined MPG (21 City/29 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1FA6P8TH1M5128977
    Stock: 26709469
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • Price Drop
    $26,500
    good price
    $1,424 below market
    • 35,321 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 4cyl automatic
    • Blaise Alexander GMC of Hazelton (43 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Upgraded Headlights
    • Blind Spot Monitorin...
    Close

    Located in Hazle Township, PA / 43 miles away from Reading, PA

    2023 Ford Mustang EcoBoost Premium Unleash the Power, Feel the Thrill! Looking for a car that turns heads, makes your pulse race, and still gets great...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    24 Combined MPG (21 City/29 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1FA6P8TH8P5104017
    Stock: ZGU0923
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 03-19-2025

  • New Listing
    $21,990
    fair price
    $21 above market
    • 69,988 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, rental vehicle
    • 4cyl automatic
    • Carvana (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Upgraded Headlights
    • Blind Spot Monitorin...
    Close

    Located in Cleveland, OH / 313 miles away from Reading, PA

    At Carvana, we go miles beyond the extra mile. That's why we provide you with a convenient, fast, and hassle-free car buying experience that puts you ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    23 Combined MPG (20 City/27 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1FATP8UHXM5102475
    Stock: 2003624564
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 04-02-2025

  • New Listing
    • 54,222 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, corporate fleet vehicle
    • 4cyl automatic
    • Fred Beans Ford of Langhorne (55 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Upgraded Headlights
    • Blind Spot Monitorin...
    Close

    Located in Langhorne, PA / 55 miles away from Reading, PA

    2023 Ford Mustang EcoBoost Premium EcoBoost 2.3L I4 GTDi DOHC Turbocharged VCT 10-Speed Automatic RWD 2D Convertible Silver MetallicCo-pilot 360, 3.15...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    23 Combined MPG (20 City/27 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1FATP8UH7P5104964
    Stock: FL5187P
    Certified Pre-Owned: Yes
    Listed since: 04-23-2025

  • New Listing
    $51,990
    fair price
    $282 below market
    • 14,461 miles
    • No accidents, 4 owners, personal use only
    • 8cyl manual
    • Carvana (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in Columbus, OH / 375 miles away from Reading, PA

    At Carvana, we go miles beyond the extra mile. That's why we provide you with a convenient, fast, and hassle-free car buying experience that puts you ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    17 Combined MPG (14 City/22 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1FA6P8R07M5551774
    Stock: 2003726456
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 05-12-2025

  • New Listing
    • 48,767 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, rental vehicle
    • 4cyl automatic
    • Carvana (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Upgraded Headlights
    • Blind Spot Monitorin...
    Close

    Located in San Antonio, TX / 1,479 miles away from Reading, PA

    At Carvana, we go miles beyond the extra mile. That's why we provide you with a convenient, fast, and hassle-free car buying experience that puts you ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    23 Combined MPG (20 City/27 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1FATP8UH7P5110537
    Stock: 2003730558
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 05-09-2025

  • New Listing
    $24,990
    good price
    $1,881 below market
    • 54,652 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, rental vehicle
    • 4cyl automatic
    • Carvana (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Upgraded Headlights
    • Blind Spot Monitorin...
    Close

    Located in Sacramento, CA / 2,407 miles away from Reading, PA

    At Carvana, we go miles beyond the extra mile. That's why we provide you with a convenient, fast, and hassle-free car buying experience that puts you ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    23 Combined MPG (20 City/27 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1FATP8UH5P5110875
    Stock: 2003748761
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 05-29-2025

  • New Listing
    $24,990
    good price
    $2,025 below market
    • 53,087 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, rental vehicle
    • 4cyl automatic
    • Carvana (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Upgraded Headlights
    • Blind Spot Monitorin...
    Close

    Located in Phoenix, AZ / 2,036 miles away from Reading, PA

    At Carvana, we go miles beyond the extra mile. That's why we provide you with a convenient, fast, and hassle-free car buying experience that puts you ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    23 Combined MPG (20 City/27 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1FATP8UH9P5110992
    Stock: 2003730501
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 05-12-2025

  • New Listing
    $24,990
    good price
    $1,870 below market
    • 54,774 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, rental vehicle
    • 4cyl automatic
    • Carvana (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Upgraded Headlights
    • Blind Spot Monitorin...
    Close

    Located in Sacramento, CA / 2,407 miles away from Reading, PA

    At Carvana, we go miles beyond the extra mile. That's why we provide you with a convenient, fast, and hassle-free car buying experience that puts you ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    23 Combined MPG (20 City/27 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1FATP8UH7P5110540
    Stock: 2003659464
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 05-08-2025

    • 42,723 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, rental vehicle
    • 4cyl automatic
    • Carvana (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Upgraded Headlights
    • Blind Spot Monitorin...
    Close

    Located in San Antonio, TX / 1,479 miles away from Reading, PA

    At Carvana, we go miles beyond the extra mile. That's why we provide you with a convenient, fast, and hassle-free car buying experience that puts you ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    23 Combined MPG (20 City/27 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1FATP8UH3P5110650
    Stock: 2003656038
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 04-15-2025

  • New Listing
    $24,990
    fair price
    $1,183 below market
    • 62,418 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, rental vehicle
    • 4cyl automatic
    • Carvana (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Upgraded Headlights
    • Blind Spot Monitorin...
    Close

    Located in Salt Lake City, UT / 1,873 miles away from Reading, PA

    At Carvana, we go miles beyond the extra mile. That's why we provide you with a convenient, fast, and hassle-free car buying experience that puts you ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    23 Combined MPG (20 City/27 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1FATP8UH8P5104228
    Stock: 2003754625
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 05-23-2025

  • New Listing
    $24,990
    good price
    $1,880 below market
    • 54,663 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, rental vehicle
    • 4cyl automatic
    • Carvana (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Upgraded Headlights
    • Blind Spot Monitorin...
    Close

    Located in Phoenix, AZ / 2,036 miles away from Reading, PA

    At Carvana, we go miles beyond the extra mile. That's why we provide you with a convenient, fast, and hassle-free car buying experience that puts you ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    23 Combined MPG (20 City/27 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1FATP8UH7P5103667
    Stock: 2003736297
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 05-13-2025

  • New Listing
    $24,990
    fair price
    $1,104 below market
    • 63,317 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, rental vehicle
    • 4cyl automatic
    • Carvana (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Upgraded Headlights
    • Blind Spot Monitorin...
    Close

    Located in Salt Lake City, UT / 1,873 miles away from Reading, PA

    At Carvana, we go miles beyond the extra mile. That's why we provide you with a convenient, fast, and hassle-free car buying experience that puts you ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    23 Combined MPG (20 City/27 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1FATP8UH2P5110655
    Stock: 2003739231
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 05-15-2025

  • New Listing
    $24,990
    good price
    $1,800 below market
    • 55,540 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, rental vehicle
    • 4cyl automatic
    • Carvana (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Upgraded Headlights
    • Blind Spot Monitorin...
    Close

    Located in Phoenix, AZ / 2,036 miles away from Reading, PA

    At Carvana, we go miles beyond the extra mile. That's why we provide you with a convenient, fast, and hassle-free car buying experience that puts you ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    23 Combined MPG (20 City/27 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1FATP8UH4P5110530
    Stock: 2003720660
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 05-07-2025

  • New Listing
    $26,990
    fair price
    $649 below market
    • 35,037 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, rental vehicle
    • 4cyl automatic
    • Carvana (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Upgraded Headlights
    • Blind Spot Monitorin...
    Close

    Located in Tampa, FL / 934 miles away from Reading, PA

    At Carvana, we go miles beyond the extra mile. That's why we provide you with a convenient, fast, and hassle-free car buying experience that puts you ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    24 Combined MPG (21 City/29 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1FA6P8TH2P5108483
    Stock: 2003634290
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 04-28-2025

  • New Listing
    $24,990
    good price
    $1,579 below market
    • 57,964 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, rental vehicle
    • 4cyl automatic
    • Carvana (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Upgraded Headlights
    • Blind Spot Monitorin...
    Close

    Located in Sacramento, CA / 2,407 miles away from Reading, PA

    At Carvana, we go miles beyond the extra mile. That's why we provide you with a convenient, fast, and hassle-free car buying experience that puts you ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    23 Combined MPG (20 City/27 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1FATP8UH8P5110675
    Stock: 2003707522
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 05-16-2025

Showing 274 - 294 out of 1,278 listings

Consumer Reviews for the Ford Mustang

Read recent reviews for the Ford Mustang
Overall Consumer Rating
4.6 out of 5 stars38 Reviews
Write a vehicle reviewSee all 38 reviews
  • 5 star
    (87%)
  • 4 star
    (0%)
  • 3 star
    (5%)
  • 2 star
    (3%)
  • 1 star
    (5%)
5 out of 5 stars

Great ride!

Mark, 04/30/2021
2021 Ford Mustang GT Premium 2dr Coupe (5.0L 8cyl 6M)
Perfect mix of power, handling, and great looks.
Report abuse

Used 2023 Ford Mustang in Reading, PA Values

Estimated values
2023 Ford Mustang Mach 1 2dr Coupe (5.0L 8cyl 10A) with no options
ConditionTrade-InPrivate PartyDealer Retail
Outstanding$37,166$38,285$39,521
Clean$36,775$37,765$38,866
Average$36,123$36,900$37,775
Rough$35,276$35,774$36,357

The average list price of a used 2023 Ford Mustang in Reading, Pennsylvania is $31,422. The average mileage on a used Ford Mustang 2023 for sale in Reading, Pennsylvania is 40,685. Based on the average mileage of 40,685 for used 2023 Ford Mustang for sale in Reading, PA and using an average vehicle condition rating, which means the vehicle may have a few mechanical and/or cosmetic problems and may require a considerable amount of reconditioning, we appraise the average trade-in value of a used Ford Mustang 2023 in Reading, Pennsylvania to be $36,123.

Filters
Skip to Results

Applied Filters4Active

Select Buying Experience

Location

Search radius100 miles
Search radius

Make & Model

Year

New / Used

Price & Payments

Price Rating

Body Type

Trim

Mileage

Accidents & History

Engine & Drivetrain

Exterior Color

Interior Color

Total Seating

Edmunds Review

Features

Options & Packages

MPG

Listing Details


* Delivery of any kind does not apply to Alaska and Hawaii. Contact the dealer for delivery details, restrictions and costs.