Skip to main content
Skip to Filters
1,565 listings
  • New Listing
    • 11,893 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 7 Seats, 17 City / 21 Hwy MPG
    • Paragon Acura (27 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Woodside, NY / 27 miles away from Edison, NJ

    Why Buy from Paragon Acura?When you choose this 2023 ACURA MDX from Paragon Acura, you're not just buying a used car - you're investing in quality, r...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    19 Combined MPG (17 City/21 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 5J8YD8H88PL002802
    Stock: U32267
    Certified Pre-Owned: Yes
    Listed since: 06-27-2025

  • New Listing
    • 81,521 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use
    • 7 Seats, 19 City / 26 Hwy MPG
    • Majestic Automotive Group (53 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    Close

    Located in Riverton, NJ / 53 miles away from Edison, NJ

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    22 Combined MPG (19 City/26 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 5J8YD4H50LL003693
    Stock: 003693
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • New Listing
    • 42,138 miles
    • 7 Seats, 17 City / 21 Hwy MPG
    • Acura of Valley Stream (36 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Lynbrook, NY / 36 miles away from Edison, NJ

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary Unavailable.

    Features and Specs:

    19 Combined MPG (17 City/21 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 5J8YD8H83PL003274
    Stock: 13454
    Certified Pre-Owned: Yes
    Listed since: 05-28-2025

  • New Listing
    $53,875
    good price
    $1,876 below market
    • 3,148 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use
    • 7 Seats
    • Driveway (13 mi away)
    • Home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Old Bridge, NJ / 13 miles away from Edison, NJ

    CarFax No Accidents Reported,CarFax 1-Owner,3rd Row Seat,Apple CarPlay,Back-Up Camera,Blind Spot Monitor,Bluetooth,Brake Assist,Hands-Free Liftgate,He...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 5J8YE1H0XSL010181
    Stock: RS5454557A
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • Price Drop
    • 3,509 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use
    • 7 Seats
    • Driveway (19 mi away)
    • Home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Verona, NJ / 19 miles away from Edison, NJ

    CarFax No Accidents Reported,CarFax 1-Owner,3rd Row Seat,Apple CarPlay,Back-Up Camera,Blind Spot Monitor,Bluetooth,Brake Assist,Hands-Free Liftgate,He...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 5J8YE1H99SL000644
    Stock: MAJ3597
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • New Listing
    • 18,955 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use
    • 7 Seats, 19 City / 25 Hwy MPG
    • Paragon Acura (27 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    Close

    Located in Woodside, NY / 27 miles away from Edison, NJ

    Why Buy from Paragon Acura?When you choose this 2023 Acura MDX w/Technology Package from Paragon Acura, you're not just buying a used car - you're inv...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    21 Combined MPG (19 City/25 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 5J8YE1H41PL025842
    Stock: W6846T
    Certified Pre-Owned: Yes
    Listed since: 07-09-2025

    • 9,899 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 7 Seats
    • Acura of Limerick (67 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Limerick, PA / 67 miles away from Edison, NJ

    Certified. Platinum White Pearl 2025 Acura MDX A-Spec Advance Package SH-AWD AWD 10-Speed Automatic 3.5L V6 SOHC i-VTEC 24V NON-SMOKER, SERVICE RECORD...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 5J8YE1H90SL003903
    Stock: P4149
    Certified Pre-Owned: Yes
    Listed since: 06-10-2025

  • Price Drop
    • 95,502 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use
    • 7 Seats, 19 City / 26 Hwy MPG
    • Springfield Acura (8 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    Close

    Located in Springfield, NJ / 8 miles away from Edison, NJ

    Fathom Blue Pearl exterior and Graystone interior, w/Technology Pkg trim. Heated Leather Seats, 3rd Row Seat, NAV, Sunroof, Alloy Wheels, All Wheel Dr...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    22 Combined MPG (19 City/26 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 5J8YD4H51KL014457
    Stock: 25056LOA
    Certified Pre-Owned: Yes
    Listed since: 06-27-2025

    • 6,285 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 7 Seats
    • Acura of Ocean (29 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Ocean, NJ / 29 miles away from Edison, NJ

    Very rare Orchid interior!!!! Loaded!!! Acura Certified Warranty up to 7 years or 100000 miles!!!! No extra prep fees!!! No window glass etching fees!...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 5J8YE1H97SL007270
    Stock: 6686
    Certified Pre-Owned: Yes
    Listed since: 04-09-2025

  • New Listing
    $46,300
    good price
    $795 below market
    • 9,298 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use
    • 7 Seats, 19 City / 25 Hwy MPG
    • Garden State Honda (21 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Clifton, NJ / 21 miles away from Edison, NJ

    BACK-UP CAMERA, ALL WHEEL DRIVE, LEATHER, HEATED FRONT SEATS, COOLED FRONT SEATS, NAVIGATION, LANE DEPARTURE WARNING, BLUETOOTH , MOONROOF, REAR PA...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    21 Combined MPG (19 City/25 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 5J8YE1H07PL037880
    Stock: L037880AA
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 06-17-2025

  • New Listing
    $48,200
    good price
    $1,351 below market
    • 18,260 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use
    • 7 Seats, 19 City / 25 Hwy MPG
    • Paragon Acura (27 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Woodside, NY / 27 miles away from Edison, NJ

    Why Buy from Paragon Acura?When you choose this 2023 Acura MDX w/Advance Package from Paragon Acura, you're not just buying a used car - you're invest...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    21 Combined MPG (19 City/25 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 5J8YE1H89PL026336
    Stock: U32316
    Certified Pre-Owned: Yes
    Listed since: 07-11-2025

  • New Listing
    • 24,902 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use
    • 7 Seats, 19 City / 25 Hwy MPG
    • Park Avenue Acura (27 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    Close

    Located in Rochelle Park, NJ / 27 miles away from Edison, NJ

    2023 Acura MDX Technology SH-AWD Platinum White Pearl AWD CARFAX One-Owner. Clean CARFAX. Odometer is 1327 miles below market average! Priced below KB...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    21 Combined MPG (19 City/25 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 5J8YE1H45PL002001
    Stock: C2935
    Certified Pre-Owned: Yes
    Listed since: 06-21-2025

  • New Listing
    $44,346
    good price
    $2,360 below market
    • 28,756 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use
    • 7 Seats, 19 City / 25 Hwy MPG
    • Merrick Dodge Chrysler Jeep Ram of Wantagh (46 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Wantagh, NY / 46 miles away from Edison, NJ

    Gray 2023 Acura MDX Advance SH-AWD AWD 10-Speed Automatic 3.5L V6 SOHC i-VTEC 24V Leather.Call us today to schedule an appointment and see why Merrick...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    21 Combined MPG (19 City/25 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 5J8YE1H84PL032271
    Stock: U7719
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 07-17-2025

  • New Listing
    • 14,086 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use
    • 7 Seats, 19 City / 25 Hwy MPG
    • Curry Acura (41 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Scarsdale, NY / 41 miles away from Edison, NJ

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    21 Combined MPG (19 City/25 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 5J8YE1H03PL027234
    Stock: U19717AP
    Certified Pre-Owned: Yes
    Listed since: 07-19-2025

    • 90,092 miles
    • No accidents, 3 owners, personal use only
    • 7 Seats, 19 City / 26 Hwy MPG
    • Queens Auto Mall (30 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Queens, NY / 30 miles away from Edison, NJ

    Shop the best deals on hundreds of top quality preowned vehicles right in the heart of Queens, NY only at Queens Auto Mall! In their original incarnat...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    22 Combined MPG (19 City/26 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 5J8YD4H92KL025714
    Stock: 084355
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 04-03-2025

  • $54,995
    fair price
    $190 below market
    • 10,851 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use
    • 7 Seats
    • Acura Of Bay Shore (60 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Bay Shore, NY / 60 miles away from Edison, NJ

    Performance Red Pearl exterior and Ebony interior. Navigation, Third Row Seat, Heated/Cooled Leather Seats, Rear Air, Power Liftgate, Aluminum Wheels,...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 5J8YE1H03SL004335
    Stock: T22011
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 06-02-2025

  • Price Drop
    • 7,393 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 7 Seats
    • Springfield Acura (8 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Springfield, NJ / 8 miles away from Edison, NJ

    Performance Red Pearl exterior and Ebony interior, w/A-Spec Package trim. $1,500 below J.D. Power Retail! Heated Leather Seats, Nav System, Third Row ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 5J8YE1H00SL000694
    Stock: 25041BSL
    Certified Pre-Owned: Yes
    Listed since: 06-25-2025

  • New Listing
    • 11,532 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use
    • 7 Seats, 19 City / 25 Hwy MPG
    • Rallye Acura (41 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Roslyn, NY / 41 miles away from Edison, NJ

    JUST IN!!! CALL RALLYE Acura TODAY FOR A TEST DRIVE. FULLY RECONDITIONED AT OUR BEAUTIFUL STATE OF THE ART FACILITY BY OUR #1 RALLYE CERTIFIED TECHNIC...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    21 Combined MPG (19 City/25 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 5J8YE1H09PL008395
    Stock: U18982
    Certified Pre-Owned: Yes
    Listed since: 06-27-2025

    • 3,707 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 7 Seats, 19 City / 25 Hwy MPG
    • Autosport Acura of Denville (22 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    Close

    Located in Denville, NJ / 22 miles away from Edison, NJ

    This 2025 Silver Acura MDX Technology Package AWD SH-AWD is well equipped and includes these features and benefits:Certified. Clean CARFAX. CARFAX One...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    21 Combined MPG (19 City/25 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 5J8YE1H42SL024143
    Stock: U22509
    Certified Pre-Owned: Yes
    Listed since: 07-07-2025

  • New Listing
    • 19,921 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use
    • 7 Seats, 19 City / 25 Hwy MPG
    • Acura of Bedford Hills (56 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    Close

    Located in Bedford Hills, NY / 56 miles away from Edison, NJ

    ONLINE SPECIAL!! Clean CARFAX. 2023 Acura MDX Technology SH-AWD 10-Speed Automatic 3.5L V6 SOHC i-VTEC 24V, in Liquid Carbon Metallic and Ebony Leathe...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    21 Combined MPG (19 City/25 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 5J8YE1H45PL006744
    Stock: 105873
    Certified Pre-Owned: Yes
    Listed since: 06-29-2025

  • $25,995
    good price
    $1,676 below market
    • 68,396 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use
    • 7 Seats, 19 City / 25 Hwy MPG
    • Acura of Ramsey (35 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Ramsey, NJ / 35 miles away from Edison, NJ

    Majestic Black Pearl exterior and Red interior. Heated Leather Seats, Third Row Seat, Nav System, Moonroof, Aluminum Wheels, Power Liftgate. KEY FEA...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    21 Combined MPG (19 City/25 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 5J8YD4H0XKL014154
    Stock: T4703
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 07-12-2025

Showing 442 - 462 out of 1,565 listings

Consumer Reviews for the Acura MDX

Read recent reviews for the Acura MDX
Overall Consumer Rating
3.6 out of 5 stars89 Reviews
Write a vehicle reviewSee all 89 reviews
  • 5 star
    (44%)
  • 4 star
    (16%)
  • 3 star
    (15%)
  • 2 star
    (11%)
  • 1 star
    (15%)
5 out of 5 stars

Great family SUV

A E, 03/21/2021
2022 Acura MDX SH-AWD 4dr SUV AWD (3.5L 6cyl 10A)
Only owned the new 2022 MDX SH-AWD for a few weeks and I love this car! Initially, I had test drove the Highlander, Lexus HX350L, Subaru Ascent and this MDX model was the most enjoyable to drive for comfort and engine power. Exterior of the 2022 MDX is elegant but sporty - and looks and drives like a smaller car than the actual dimensions reveal. The front Acura grill is more to my taste … than the Lexus RX350. Already gone on a road trip with the 2022 MDX to the mountains (3 hours away) with my family of 4 and two dogs and it was a dream to drive and fun to take on the road. Plenty of room in the 2nd row and 3rd row worked great for my teenager. It was easy for kids and dogs to get to the 3rd row when center 2nd row seat was removed for the trip. Was easy to adapt to the Infotainment system although touch screen would have been nice. However, the Apple CarPlay streamlines everything and obviates the need for an Acura navigation system. Safety features are excellent - cruise control slows down automatically if senses a car is too close in front of you and lane assist was surprisingly effective. Parallel parking was easy with the cameras.
Report abuse

Used 2023 Acura MDX in Edison, NJ Values

Estimated values
2023 Acura MDX Type S 4dr SUV AWD w/Advance Package (3.0L 6cyl Turbo 10A) with no options
ConditionTrade-InPrivate PartyDealer Retail
Outstanding$48,720$50,788$53,113
Clean$48,172$50,175$52,431
Average$47,257$49,154$51,292
Rough$46,068$47,826$49,813

The average list price of a used 2023 Acura MDX in Edison, New Jersey is $45,901. The average mileage on a used Acura MDX 2023 for sale in Edison, New Jersey is 27,621. Based on the average mileage of 27,621 for used 2023 Acura MDX for sale in Edison, NJ and using an average vehicle condition rating, which means the vehicle may have a few mechanical and/or cosmetic problems and may require a considerable amount of reconditioning, we appraise the average trade-in value of a used Acura MDX 2023 in Edison, New Jersey to be $47,257.

Filters
Skip to Results

Applied Filters4Active

Select Buying Experience

Location

Search radius100 miles
Search radius

Make & Model

Year

New / Used

Price & Payments

Price Rating

Body Type

Trim

Mileage

Accidents & History

Engine & Drivetrain

Exterior Color

Interior Color

Total Seating

Edmunds Review

Features

Options & Packages

MPG

Listing Details


* Delivery of any kind does not apply to Alaska and Hawaii. Contact the dealer for delivery details, restrictions and costs.