Skip to main content
Skip to Filters
4,012 listings
  • New Listing
    $40,998
    good price
    $2,920 below market
    • 50,840 miles
    • No accidents, 3 owners, personal use only
    • 5 Seats, 16 City / 19 Hwy MPG
    • CarMax (In-stock online)
    • Transfer available from WA to TX*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Spokane Valley, WA / 1,564 miles away from Tyler, TX

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: Yes

    Features and Specs:

    17 Combined MPG (16 City/19 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JTERU5JR9M5864121
    Stock: 27434634
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • New Listing
    $40,096
    great price
    $4,274 below market
    • 55,858 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use only
    • 5 Seats, 16 City / 19 Hwy MPG
    • Corwin Ford of Springfield (353 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in Springfield, MO / 353 miles away from Tyler, TX

    This Toyota 4Runner is well equipped and includes these key features and benefits, 4WD, Black/Graphite w/Leather Seat Trim, Apple CarPlay/Android Auto...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    17 Combined MPG (16 City/19 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JTERU5JRXM5845562
    Stock: 5845562
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 06-26-2025

  • New Listing
    $37,500
    great price
    $3,886 below market
    • 56,944 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, corporate fleet vehicle
    • 5 Seats, 16 City / 19 Hwy MPG
    • Cable Dahmer Chevrolet of Kansas City (459 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in Kansas City, MO / 459 miles away from Tyler, TX

    2021 Toyota 4Runner TRD Off-Road PremiumBuilt for adventure, this 2021 Toyota 4Runner TRD Off-Road with 56,112 miles is ready to take you wherever the...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    17 Combined MPG (16 City/19 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JTERU5JR8M5929041
    Stock: 21996A
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 04-21-2025

  • New Listing
    • 85,470 miles
    • No accidents, 3 owners, personal use
    • 7 Seats, 16 City / 19 Hwy MPG
    • Legends Toyota (471 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    Close

    Located in Kansas City, KS / 471 miles away from Tyler, TX

    Meet the 2021 Toyota 4Runner Nightshade Edition where rugged meets refined and adventure dons a suit of sleek black armor. This isnt just an SUV; its ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    17 Combined MPG (16 City/19 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JTEJU5JR0M5866465
    Stock: AU866465
    Certified Pre-Owned: Yes
    Listed since: 04-25-2025

  • New Listing
    Stock photo**
    • 41,772 miles
    • 5 Seats, 16 City / 19 Hwy MPG
    • Joe Myers Ford (170 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Upgraded Headlights
    Close

    Located in Houston, TX / 170 miles away from Tyler, TX

    Non-Smoker, Local Trade, LEATHER, ONE OWNER, **SUNROOF / MOONROOF **, ** NAVIGATION / NAVI / GPS **, Apple CarPlay/Android Auto, Auto-dimming Rear-Vie...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary Unavailable.

    Features and Specs:

    17 Combined MPG (16 City/19 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JTEFU5JRXN5256855
    Stock: PN5256855
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 07-17-2025

  • Price Drop
    $32,923
    great price
    $3,597 below market
    • 70,069 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use only
    • 5 Seats, 16 City / 19 Hwy MPG
    • Chris Crain Chrysler Dodge Jeep Ram Fiat (224 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Benton, AR / 224 miles away from Tyler, TX

    Priced below KBB Fair Purchase Price!Blizzard PearlCLEAN CARFAX, BACKUP CAMERA, BLUETOOTH, NAVIGATION SYSTEM, Redwood Leather, Apple CarPlay/Android A...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    17 Combined MPG (16 City/19 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JTEDU5JR9M5231578
    Stock: M5231578
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 05-06-2025

  • New Listing
    Stock photo**
    • 85,241 miles
    • 5 Seats, 17 City / 21 Hwy MPG
    • North Park Lexus At Dominion (270 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in San Antonio, TX / 270 miles away from Tyler, TX

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary Unavailable.

    Features and Specs:

    18 Combined MPG (17 City/21 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JTEZU5JRXL5220934
    Stock: UD5220934
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 07-19-2025

    • 73,343 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use only
    • 5 Seats, 17 City / 21 Hwy MPG
    • North Star Auto Sales (273 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in San Antonio, TX / 273 miles away from Tyler, TX

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    18 Combined MPG (17 City/21 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JTEZU5JR9L5221797
    Stock: 221797
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • New Listing
    Stock photo**
    • 84,317 miles
    • 1 accident, 1 owner, personal use
    • 5 Seats, 17 City / 21 Hwy MPG
    • Mac Haik Toyota (197 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Power Driver Seat
    Close

    Located in League City, TX / 197 miles away from Tyler, TX

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    18 Combined MPG (17 City/21 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JTEZU5JR4L5218516
    Stock: 72965A
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 04-30-2025

  • New Listing
    $42,499
    great price
    $3,732 below market
    • 84,611 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use only
    • 5 Seats, 16 City / 19 Hwy MPG
    • Superior Cadillac of Bentonville (285 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Bentonville, AR / 285 miles away from Tyler, TX

    Adventure meets capability in this bold and rugged 2021 Toyota 4Runner TRD Pro. Coated in a sharp Super White finish and backed by Toyota's legendary ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    17 Combined MPG (16 City/19 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JTELU5JR7M5884163
    Stock: Z803665AA
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 05-09-2025

    • 19,157 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 5 Seats, 16 City / 19 Hwy MPG
    • AutoNation Toyota Corpus Christi (342 mi away)
    • Five Star Dealer
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in Corpus Christi, TX / 342 miles away from Tyler, TX

    Sun/MoonroofLeather SeatsNavigation SystemSpecial ColorKeyless StartRear SpoilerCooled Front Seat(S)50 State EmissionsBlizzard PearlLimited P...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    17 Combined MPG (16 City/19 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JTEDU5JRXP5304428
    Stock: P5304428
    Certified Pre-Owned: Yes
    Listed since: 05-15-2025

  • $39,820
    great price
    $3,458 below market
    • 58,609 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use only
    • 5 Seats, 16 City / 19 Hwy MPG
    • Chris Crain Chrysler Dodge Jeep Ram Fiat (224 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Benton, AR / 224 miles away from Tyler, TX

    Priced below KBB Fair Purchase Price!Blizzard PearlCLEAN CARFAX, BACKUP CAMERA, BLUETOOTH, NAVIGATION SYSTEM, Graphite Leather, 15 Speakers, Apple Car...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    17 Combined MPG (16 City/19 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JTECU5JR8M5237383
    Stock: M5237383
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 06-24-2025

  • Price Drop
    $33,395
    great price
    $3,152 below market
    • 90,701 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 5 Seats, 16 City / 19 Hwy MPG
    • Landers Toyota (235 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in Little Rock, AR / 235 miles away from Tyler, TX

    2021 Toyota 4Runner SR5 Premium Backup Camera, Bluetooth, Hands-free, One Owner, Cruise Control, Power Locks, Power Windows, 4WD, Black/Graphite w/Sof...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    17 Combined MPG (16 City/19 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JTENU5JR8M5873343
    Stock: 5873343T
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 05-29-2025

    • 25,604 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use
    • 5 Seats, 16 City / 19 Hwy MPG
    • Round Rock Toyota (188 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Round Rock, TX / 188 miles away from Tyler, TX

    Priced below KBB Fair Purchase Price! 4Runner Limited, 4D Sport Utility, 4.0L V6 DOHC 24V, 5-Speed with ECT, 4WD, Magnetic Gray Metallic, Black/Graphi...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    17 Combined MPG (16 City/19 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JTEKU5JR8P6108795
    Stock: TU108795
    Certified Pre-Owned: Yes
    Listed since: 06-28-2025

    • 41,949 miles
    • Insurance loss reported, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 5 Seats, 17 City / 20 Hwy MPG
    • AutoSavvy Duncanville (96 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Duncanville, TX / 96 miles away from Tyler, TX

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Issue reported

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    18 Combined MPG (17 City/20 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JTEBU5JRXL5753397
    Stock: 93289
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • Price Drop
    $34,500
    great price
    $3,060 below market
    • 98,205 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, corporate fleet vehicle
    • 5 Seats, 16 City / 19 Hwy MPG
    • Acura of Little Rock (234 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Upgraded Headlights
    Close

    Located in Little Rock, AR / 234 miles away from Tyler, TX

    CARFAX One-Owner. Clean CARFAX.Midnight Black 2021 Toyota 4Runner Venture 4WD 4.0L V6 SMPI DOHCFresh oil change, Safety inspected, New Price!, 4WD, Gr...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    17 Combined MPG (16 City/19 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JTEHU5JR4M5949976
    Stock: AC1381
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 04-30-2025

    • 24,632 miles
    • Insurance loss reported, 2 owners, personal use only
    • 7 Seats, 16 City / 19 Hwy MPG
    • AutoSavvy Duncanville (96 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Third-row seating
    Close

    Located in Duncanville, TX / 96 miles away from Tyler, TX

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Issue reported

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    17 Combined MPG (16 City/19 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JTEFU5JR2N5263279
    Stock: 97058
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • New Listing
    • 77,617 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use only
    • 5 Seats, 16 City / 19 Hwy MPG
    • Grand Prairie Ford (103 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in Grand Prairie, TX / 103 miles away from Tyler, TX

    Recent Arrival!Clean CARFAX.2021 Toyota 4Runner SR5 PremiumWelcome to Grand Prairie Ford; we have over 1,000 New and Pre-Owned vehicles located on a ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    17 Combined MPG (16 City/19 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JTENU5JR2M5933617
    Stock: SLA52971A
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 06-24-2025

    • 40,025 miles
    • 2 accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 5 Seats, 16 City / 19 Hwy MPG
    • Car Market Auto Group (185 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Upgraded Headlights
    • Blind Spot Monitorin...
    Close

    Located in Sugar Land, TX / 185 miles away from Tyler, TX

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    17 Combined MPG (16 City/19 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JTEFU5JR6N5271899
    Stock: T271899
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • New Listing
    • 43,777 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 5 Seats, 16 City / 19 Hwy MPG
    • Toyota of Richardson (94 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in Richardson, TX / 94 miles away from Tyler, TX

    Conquer the Wild with the 2021 Toyota 4Runner TRD Off Road Premium: Adventure Awaits in Every Mile with Unmatched Capability and Rugged CharmDiscover ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: Yes

    Features and Specs:

    17 Combined MPG (16 City/19 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JTERU5JR2M5857088
    Stock: M5857088P
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 03-14-2025

    • 94,557 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 5 Seats, 16 City / 19 Hwy MPG
    • Cavender Chevrolet (269 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Upgraded Headlights
    Close

    Located in Boerne, TX / 269 miles away from Tyler, TX

    Priced below KBB Fair Purchase Price!Clean CARFAX. CARFAX One-Owner.Super White 2021 Toyota 4Runner SR5 Premium RWD 5-Speed Automatic with Overdrive 4...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    17 Combined MPG (16 City/19 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JTEFU5JR6M5251361
    Stock: M5251361T
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 05-30-2025

Showing 358 - 378 out of 4,012 listings

Consumer Reviews for the Toyota 4Runner

Read recent reviews for the Toyota 4Runner
Overall Consumer Rating
4 out of 5 stars55 Reviews
Write a vehicle reviewSee all 55 reviews
  • 5 star
    (49%)
  • 4 star
    (20%)
  • 3 star
    (16%)
  • 2 star
    (7%)
  • 1 star
    (7%)
5 out of 5 stars

Great, for what it's intended to do.

Woodsman, 10/24/2020
2021 Toyota 4Runner Limited 4dr SUV 4WD (4.0L 6cyl 5A)
If you plan to spend much more time on the highway than in the woods with your 4Runner, the Limited is the model to get. More amenities, and a slightly more roadworthy ride. Commanding driving position gives you a feeling of confidence behind the wheel. Just keep in mind this is still an old-school truck, albeit with modern safety and electronic technology, disguised as an SUV. … Personally, I find comfort in that. This is my second 4Runner, and I've found both to be flawless in engineering and manufacture. Drivetrain is bulletproof, and fit and finish are excellent. With the exception of electronic upgrades, Toyota has been building this same vehicle for a dozen years now. They've had plenty of time to get it right, and they did. UPDATE AT 7,500 MILES: Still waiting for something to go wrong. Not a single problem yet. Average MPG at 18.2. UPDATE AT 15,000 MILES: Not a problem yet. Not one. Should I be getting bored? UPDATE AT 25,000 MILES: Still waiting for my first problem with this vehicle.
Report abuse

Used 2021 Toyota 4Runner in Tyler, TX Values

Estimated values
2021 Toyota 4Runner TRD OFF-ROAD Premium 4dr SUV 4WD (4.0L 6cyl 5A) with no options
ConditionTrade-InPrivate PartyDealer Retail
Outstanding$35,335$37,503$39,679
Clean$34,582$36,686$38,794
Average$33,329$35,324$37,320
Rough$31,699$33,553$35,403

The average list price of a used 2021 Toyota 4Runner in Tyler, Texas is $37,603. The average mileage on a used Toyota 4Runner 2021 for sale in Tyler, Texas is 62,062. Based on the average mileage of 62,062 for used 2021 Toyota 4Runner for sale in Tyler, TX and using an average vehicle condition rating, which means the vehicle may have a few mechanical and/or cosmetic problems and may require a considerable amount of reconditioning, we appraise the average trade-in value of a used Toyota 4Runner 2021 in Tyler, Texas to be $33,329.

Filters
Skip to Results

Applied Filters4Active

Select Buying Experience

Location

Search radius500 miles
Search radius

Make & Model

Year

New / Used

Price & Payments

Price Rating

Body Type

Trim

Mileage

Accidents & History

Engine & Drivetrain

Exterior Color

Interior Color

Total Seating

Edmunds Review

Features

Options & Packages

MPG

Listing Details


* Delivery of any kind does not apply to Alaska and Hawaii. Contact the dealer for delivery details, restrictions and costs.