Skip to main content
Skip to Filters
813 listings
  • Price Drop
    • 13,465 miles
    • 1 accident, 2 owners, rental vehicle
    • 5 Seats, 20 City / 28 Hwy MPG
    • AutoNation Acura Hunt Valley (41 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Cockeysville, MD / 41 miles away from Frederick, MD

    Panoramic RoofLeather SeatsNavigation System[M92] Cargo Package[N10] Illuminated Kick Plates[L92] Carpeted Floor Mats & Carpeted Cargo Mat[B92] ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    23 Combined MPG (20 City/28 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 5N1AZ2DS8NC114170
    Stock: NC114170
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 07-17-2025

  • New Listing
    • 25,175 miles
    • 3 accidents, 2 owners, personal use only
    • 5 Seats, 20 City / 28 Hwy MPG
    • CarMax Laurel (35 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Upgraded Headlights
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    Close

    Located in Laurel, MD / 35 miles away from Frederick, MD

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    23 Combined MPG (20 City/28 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 5N1AZ2AJ9LN121495
    Stock: 27285228
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • New Listing
    • 14,478 miles
    • 5 Seats, 20 City / 28 Hwy MPG
    • CarMax Newark (91 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Upgraded Headlights
    Close

    Located in Newark, DE / 91 miles away from Frederick, MD

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary Unavailable.

    Features and Specs:

    23 Combined MPG (20 City/28 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 5N1AZ2BS2LN115450
    Stock: 27573391
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

    • 57,144 miles
    • 1 accident, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 5 Seats, 20 City / 28 Hwy MPG
    • CarMax Dulles (25 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Upgraded Headlights
    Close

    Located in Sterling, VA / 25 miles away from Frederick, MD

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    23 Combined MPG (20 City/28 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 5N1AZ2AS7LN132780
    Stock: 27498769
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • $22,495
    great price
    $4,112 below market
    • 34,091 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 5 Seats, 20 City / 28 Hwy MPG
    • Driveway (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Washington, MI / 377 miles away from Frederick, MD

    CarFax No Accidents Reported,Rare Find,Apple CarPlay,Back-Up Camera,Blind Spot Monitor,Bluetooth,Brake Assist,Hands-Free Liftgate,Heated Seats,Heated ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    23 Combined MPG (20 City/28 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 5N1AZ2DS8MC114006
    Stock: PMC114006S
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • Price Drop
    Stock photo**
    • 56,046 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use only
    • 5 Seats, 20 City / 28 Hwy MPG
    • Courtesy Nissan (94 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in Altoona, PA / 94 miles away from Frederick, MD

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: Yes

    Features and Specs:

    23 Combined MPG (20 City/28 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 5N1AZ2CS8LN105553
    Stock: 5P788A
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 07-17-2025

  • Price Drop
    $15,397
    great price
    $4,367 below market
    • 53,654 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 5 Seats, 20 City / 28 Hwy MPG
    • Driveway (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Upgraded Headlights
    • Blind Spot Monitorin...
    Close

    Located in Wesley Chapel, FL / 819 miles away from Frederick, MD

    CarFax No Accidents Reported,CarFax 1-Owner,Rare Find,Apple CarPlay,Back-Up Camera,Blind Spot Monitor,Bluetooth,Brake Assist,Keyless Start,Lane Keepin...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    23 Combined MPG (20 City/28 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 5N1AZ2AJ9MC118402
    Stock: C118402A
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • New Listing
    • 57,653 miles
    • 5 Seats, 20 City / 28 Hwy MPG
    • CarMax Fredericksburg (78 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Fredericksburg, VA / 78 miles away from Frederick, MD

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary Unavailable.

    Features and Specs:

    23 Combined MPG (20 City/28 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 5N1AZ2DS3LN136904
    Stock: 27678176
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • $23,000
    great price
    $2,691 below market
    • 46,679 miles
    • 1 accident, 1 owner, rental vehicle
    • 5 Seats, 20 City / 28 Hwy MPG
    • Ourisman Hyundai of Bowie (48 mi away)
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Upgraded Headlights
    Close

    Located in Bowie, MD / 48 miles away from Frederick, MD

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    23 Combined MPG (20 City/28 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 5N1AZ2CJ9PC128641
    Stock: BH8493
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 06-13-2025

  • Price Drop
    $21,995
    great price
    $3,264 below market
    • 58,178 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 5 Seats, 20 City / 28 Hwy MPG
    • Driveway (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Sterling Heights, MI / 367 miles away from Frederick, MD

    Rare Find,Apple CarPlay,Back-Up Camera,Blind Spot Monitor,Bluetooth,Brake Assist,Hands-Free Liftgate,Heated Seats,Heated Steering Wheel,Keyless Start,...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    23 Combined MPG (20 City/28 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 5N1AZ2DS0MC128501
    Stock: AKMC128501
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • $22,599
    great price
    $2,173 below market
    • 50,203 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, corporate fleet vehicle
    • 5 Seats, 20 City / 28 Hwy MPG
    • Hampstead Pre-Owned (33 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in Hampstead, MD / 33 miles away from Frederick, MD

    OUr 2023 Murano is a one-owner vehicle and features all-wheel drive, navigation, power sunroof, heated seats, lane keep assist, and black leather seat...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    23 Combined MPG (20 City/28 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 5N1AZ2CS2PC129218
    Stock: NGE129218
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 06-06-2025

  • Price Drop
    $18,590
    great price
    $2,174 below market
    • 91,750 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 5 Seats, 20 City / 28 Hwy MPG
    • Carvana (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Upgraded Headlights
    Close

    Located in Los Angeles, CA / 2,275 miles away from Frederick, MD

    At Carvana, we go miles beyond the extra mile. That's why we provide you with a convenient, fast, and hassle-free car buying experience that puts you ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    23 Combined MPG (20 City/28 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 5N1AZ2CJ6MC137034
    Stock: 2003659657
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 05-26-2025

  • Price Drop
    $19,499
    good price
    $1,846 below market
    • 54,880 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use
    • 5 Seats, 20 City / 28 Hwy MPG
    • Passport Nissan of Alexandria (42 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in Alexandria, VA / 42 miles away from Frederick, MD

    2019 Nissan Murano SL AWD, Clean CarFax, Gun Metallic Exterior with Graphite Leather Interior.Key Features:-3.5L V6 Engine with 260 horsepower-Int...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    23 Combined MPG (20 City/28 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 5N1AZ2MS8KN118008
    Stock: D16051
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 06-18-2025

  • Price Drop
    $20,804
    good price
    $2,762 below market
    • 38,355 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use
    • 5 Seats, 20 City / 28 Hwy MPG
    • Oursiman Nissan (36 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Upgraded Headlights
    • Blind Spot Monitorin...
    Close

    Located in Laurel, MD / 36 miles away from Frederick, MD

    2021 Nissan Murano SV Brilliant Silver Metallic USB/AUX, BLUE TOOTH, New Tires!, New Brakes!, New Oil change and New oil filter, BLIND SPOT MONITOR, P...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    23 Combined MPG (20 City/28 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 5N1AZ2BJ4MC110643
    Stock: P4450
    Certified Pre-Owned: Yes
    Listed since: 05-29-2025

  • Price Drop
    $21,750
    good price
    $1,664 below market
    • 64,534 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 5 Seats, 20 City / 28 Hwy MPG
    • Passport Nissan of Marlow Heights (45 mi away)
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Upgraded Headlights
    Close

    Located in Marlow Heights, MD / 45 miles away from Frederick, MD

    2023 Nissan Murano SL Boulder Gray Pearl FWD 3.5L V6 DOHC 24V CVT with Xtronic*LEATHER SEATS*, *HEATED STEERING WHEEL*, BLIND SPOT MONITORING / BLIN...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    23 Combined MPG (20 City/28 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 5N1AZ2CJ5PC131407
    Stock: B13070
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 06-17-2025

    • 63,355 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, corporate fleet vehicle
    • 5 Seats, 20 City / 28 Hwy MPG
    • JV Auto Sales (44 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Upgraded Headlights
    Close

    Located in Suitland, MD / 44 miles away from Frederick, MD

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    23 Combined MPG (20 City/28 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 5N1AZ2ASXLN170293
    Stock: JV553
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • New Listing
    $20,999
    fair price
    $814 below market
    • 41,360 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, rental vehicle
    • 5 Seats, 20 City / 28 Hwy MPG
    • Enterprise Car Sales (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Upgraded Headlights
    • Blind Spot Monitorin...
    Close

    Located in Vista, CA / 2,243 miles away from Frederick, MD

    Transfer of vehicle from another location to your neighborhood Enterprise Car Sales may require payment of a non-refundable transfer fee to begin the ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    23 Combined MPG (20 City/28 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 5N1AZ2BJ2MC146735
    Stock: 7VNYV3
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 06-17-2025

  • Price Drop
    $25,800
    fair price
    $692 below market
    • 45,039 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 5 Seats, 20 City / 28 Hwy MPG
    • Passport Nissan of Marlow Heights (45 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in Marlow Heights, MD / 45 miles away from Frederick, MD

    Certified. 2023 Nissan Murano SL Super Black AWD 3.5L V6 DOHC 24V CVT with Xtronic*PANORAMIC MOONROOF, LEATHER SEATS, BLIND SPOT MONITORING / BLIND ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    23 Combined MPG (20 City/28 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 5N1AZ2CS0PC101868
    Stock: 65734A
    Certified Pre-Owned: Yes
    Listed since: 06-14-2025

  • $21,999
    fair price
    $576 below market
    • 79,085 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use
    • 5 Seats, 20 City / 28 Hwy MPG
    • Enterprise Car Sales (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in Farmington Hills, MI / 376 miles away from Frederick, MD

    Transfer of vehicle from another location to your neighborhood Enterprise Car Sales may require payment of a non-refundable transfer fee to begin the ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    23 Combined MPG (20 City/28 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 5N1AZ2CS8MC125444
    Stock: 8G9MPQ
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 06-09-2025

  • $22,500
    good price
    $2,132 below market
    • 55,953 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 5 Seats, 20 City / 28 Hwy MPG
    • Safford Brown Dulles Nissan (25 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in Sterling, VA / 25 miles away from Frederick, MD

    Clean CARFAX. CARFAX One-Owner. Certified. Brilliant Silver Metallic 2021 Nissan Murano SL AWD CVT with Xtronic 3.5L V6 DOHC 24V CVT with Xtronic, AWD...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    23 Combined MPG (20 City/28 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 5N1AZ2CS7MC107291
    Stock: W303828A
    Certified Pre-Owned: Yes
    Listed since: 06-24-2025

  • Price Drop
    $31,300
    good price
    $1,124 below market
    • 15,077 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use
    • 5 Seats, 20 City / 28 Hwy MPG
    • Lexus of Towson (42 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Towson, MD / 42 miles away from Frederick, MD

    CARFAX One-Owner. 2023 Nissan Murano Platinum Pearl White Tricoat AWD CVT with Xtronic 3.5L V6 DOHC 24V---LOADED---, ---FREE CARWASHES---, CVT with Xt...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    23 Combined MPG (20 City/28 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 5N1AZ2DS6PC138082
    Stock: BT1637
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 05-10-2025

Showing 22 - 42 out of 813 listings

Consumer Reviews for the Nissan Murano

Read recent reviews for the Nissan Murano
Overall Consumer Rating
4.4 out of 5 stars65 Reviews
Write a vehicle reviewSee all 65 reviews
  • 5 star
    (69%)
  • 4 star
    (15%)
  • 3 star
    (6%)
  • 2 star
    (5%)
  • 1 star
    (5%)
5 out of 5 stars

Love my Murano!

Mel Fox, 05/20/2020
2020 Nissan Murano SL 4dr SUV (3.5L 6cyl CVT)
Smooth ride and is a beast in the New England snow! I have had this car for 3 years with no problems! I have the SL with soft leather, heated seats, panoramic moon roof, Navi with a nice big screen, Bose speakers and 360 camera. Amazing and good size for a mid size SUV! Fully loaded at a great price!
Report abuse

Used 2022 Nissan Murano in Frederick, MD Values

Estimated values
2022 Nissan Murano Platinum 4dr SUV AWD (3.5L 6cyl CVT) with no options
ConditionTrade-InPrivate PartyDealer Retail
Outstanding$23,683$25,657$27,720
Clean$23,285$25,207$27,212
Average$22,622$24,456$26,365
Rough$21,761$23,479$25,264

The average list price of a used 2022 Nissan Murano in Frederick, Maryland is $22,924. The average mileage on a used Nissan Murano 2022 for sale in Frederick, Maryland is 48,388. Based on the average mileage of 48,388 for used 2022 Nissan Murano for sale in Frederick, MD and using an average vehicle condition rating, which means the vehicle may have a few mechanical and/or cosmetic problems and may require a considerable amount of reconditioning, we appraise the average trade-in value of a used Nissan Murano 2022 in Frederick, Maryland to be $22,622.

Filters
Skip to Results

Applied Filters4Active

Select Buying Experience

Location

Search radius100 miles
Search radius

Make & Model

Year

New / Used

Price & Payments

Price Rating

Body Type

Trim

Mileage

Accidents & History

Engine & Drivetrain

Exterior Color

Interior Color

Total Seating

Edmunds Review

Features

Options & Packages

MPG

Listing Details


* Delivery of any kind does not apply to Alaska and Hawaii. Contact the dealer for delivery details, restrictions and costs.