Skip to main content
Skip to Filters
2,658 listings
  • $16,477
    great price
    $3,138 below market
    • 100,743 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use only
    • 6'4” bed, 3.6l, 6cyl
    • Karplus Warehouse (17 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • USB Inputs
    Close

    Located in Pacoima, CA / 17 miles away from Santa Monica, CA

    2018 Ram 1500 Express 4x4 Quad Cab 6'4" Box...CAPITAL ONE AUTO FINANCE PREFERRED DEALER...Wholesale Prices Available to Public now! Hurry these amazin...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    19 Combined MPG (16 City/23 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1C6RR7FG9JS270481
    Stock: N270481
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 05-30-2025

  • Price Drop
    $20,997
    good price
    $4,094 below market
    • 62,146 miles
    • No accidents, 3 owners, personal use only
    • 6'4” bed, 3l, 6cyl
    • Palladium Autos (32 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • USB Inputs
    Close

    Located in Anaheim, CA / 32 miles away from Santa Monica, CA

    2018 Ram 1500 Quad Cab Tradesman Pickup 4D 6 1/3 ft??FINANCE AVAILABLE????WE TAKE TRADES????Mileage: 62,146??Vin: 1C6RR7FM5JS309654??www.palladium-aut...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1C6RR7FM5JS309654
    Stock: 309654
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • $22,900
    good price
    $2,728 below market
    • 89,344 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use only
    • 5'7” bed, 3l, 6cyl
    • Tristar Motors (17 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Power Driver Seat
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    Close

    Located in Bell Gardens, CA / 17 miles away from Santa Monica, CA

    Non-smoker owner, Vehicle Runs Well, Smooth ride, Always parked indoors, All records in possession, Regularly maintained, Lots of storage, No pets, Ne...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1C6RR7LM1JS355552
    Stock: B355552
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • Price Drop
    $20,993
    fair price
    $1,072 above market
    • 102,550 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use
    • 5'7” bed, 5.7l, 8cyl
    • AutoNation Toyota Cerritos (25 mi away)
    • Home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • USB Inputs
    Close

    Located in Cerritos, CA / 25 miles away from Santa Monica, CA

    The following items have been reconditioned on this vehicle: all new tires and new battery! Engine: 5.7L V8 Hemi Mds VvtDiesel Gray/Black; Premium...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    19 Combined MPG (16 City/23 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1C6RR7LT4JS281129
    Stock: JS281129
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 06-18-2025

  • Price Drop
    $20,183
    fair price
    $727 below market
    • 91,887 miles
    • No accidents, 3 owners, personal use
    • 5'7” bed, 5.7l, 8cyl
    • Driveway (42 mi away)
    • Home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • USB Inputs
    Close

    Located in Oxnard, CA / 42 miles away from Santa Monica, CA

    Rare Find,Back-Up Camera,Brake Assist,HD Radio,V6 Cylinder Engine,Steel Wheels,Power Door Locks,Brake Assist,Floor Mats,Gasoline Fuel,CD Player,ABS,En...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1C6RR7KT7JS148219
    Stock: JS148219P
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • Price Drop
    $27,500
    good price
    $1,815 below market
    • 77,836 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use
    • 5'7” bed, 5.7l, 8cyl
    • North County Ford (91 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    Close

    Located in Vista, CA / 91 miles away from Santa Monica, CA

    HOT SUMMER DEALS GOING ON NOW!Recent Arrival! COMMING SOON!, 1500 Limited, 4D Crew Cab, HEMI 5.7L V8 Multi Displacement VVT, 8-Speed Automatic, 4WD...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    17 Combined MPG (15 City/21 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1C6RR7PT8JS110636
    Stock: 171002
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 07-19-2025

  • Price Drop
    $27,995
    good price
    $2,602 below market
    • 80,066 miles
    • 1 accident, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 5'7” bed, 3l, 6cyl
    • Puente Hills Hyundai (33 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    Close

    Located in City of Industry, CA / 33 miles away from Santa Monica, CA

    19/27 City/Highway MPGPuente Hills Hyundai ...Why Go Anywhere Else!On approved credit, not all will qualify, 2.9% APR for a term of 24 months correspo...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1C6RR7PMXJS237395
    Stock: TY004687A
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 07-02-2025

  • Price Drop
    $20,713
    fair price
    $182 below market
    • 83,689 miles
    • 1 accident, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 5'7” bed, 3.6l, 6cyl
    • AutoNation Honda Costa Mesa (41 mi away)
    • Home delivery*
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Power Driver Seat
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    Close

    Located in Costa Mesa, CA / 41 miles away from Santa Monica, CA

    Radio: Uconnect 4C Nav W/8.4" DisplayNavigation SystemBlack Appearance PackageTires: P275/60R20 Owl AsBrilliant Black Crystal Pearlcoat3.21 Rear ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    20 Combined MPG (17 City/25 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1C6RR6LG5JS337298
    Stock: JS337298
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 05-29-2025

  • New Listing
    $20,995
    fair price
    $701 above market
    • 120,899 miles
    • No accidents, 4 owners, personal use
    • 5'7” bed, 3.6l, 6cyl
    • SD Mission Auto Sales (92 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Power Driver Seat
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    Close

    Located in Vista, CA / 92 miles away from Santa Monica, CA

    The 2018 Ram 1500 Big Horn 4x4 Crew Cab with the 5'7" box is an impressive blend of rugged capability and refined comfort, making it a standout choice...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    19 Combined MPG (16 City/23 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 3C6RR7LGXJG226100
    Stock: R26100
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 06-11-2025

  • Price Drop
    $28,499
    fair price
    $500 above market
    • 26,926 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 6'4” bed, 5.7l, 8cyl
    • California Motor Trade - NORCO (54 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • USB Inputs
    • Upgraded Engine
    Close

    Located in Norco, CA / 54 miles away from Santa Monica, CA

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 3C6JR6AT5JG122718
    Stock: JG122718A
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 07-07-2025

  • New Listing
    • 65,267 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use
    • 6'4” bed, 3.6l, 6cyl
    • Carvana - Los Angeles (14 mi away)
    • Home delivery*
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • USB Inputs
    • Trip Computer
    Close

    Located in Los Angeles, CA / 14 miles away from Santa Monica, CA

    At Carvana, we go miles beyond the extra mile. That's why we provide you with a convenient, fast, and hassle-free car buying experience that puts you ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    20 Combined MPG (17 City/25 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1C6RR6FG7JS340005
    Stock: 2003878107
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 07-20-2025

  • $18,995
    fair price
    $980 above market
    • 110,784 miles
    • No accidents, 5 owners, personal use
    • 5'7” bed, 3.6l, 6cyl
    • Sus Amigos Auto Center (28 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • USB Inputs
    • Trip Computer
    Close

    Located in El Monte, CA / 28 miles away from Santa Monica, CA

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    20 Combined MPG (17 City/25 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 3C6RR6KG5JG246606
    Stock: G246606
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

    • 60,764 miles
    • Issue reported, 2 owners, personal use only
    • 6'4” bed, 5.7l, 8cyl
    • California Motors Direct Montclair (46 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Power Driver Seat
    Close

    Located in Montclair, CA / 46 miles away from Santa Monica, CA

    Priced below KBB Fair Purchase Price!Quick Order Package 26L Sport (DISC) (Dual Rear Exhaust w/Bright Tips), Sport Group, 1-Yr SiriusXM Guardian Tri...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Issue reported

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 3C6JR7CT2JG146588
    Stock: JG146588
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 07-24-2025

  • New Listing
    $20,998
    great price
    $3,454 below market
    • 68,662 miles
    • No accidents, 3 owners, personal use
    • 6'4” bed, 5.7l, 8cyl
    • Norm Reeves Honda Superstore West Covina (34 mi away)
    • Home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • USB Inputs
    Close

    Located in West Covina, CA / 34 miles away from Santa Monica, CA

    The 2017 Ram 1500 Express Quad Cab 4x4 64 Box is an exceptional truck that combines power, capability, and modern features. This vehicle is perfect fo...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1C6RR7FT4HS722084
    Stock: 250781
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 07-31-2025

  • Stock photo**
    • 57,305 miles
    • Insurance loss reported, 2 owners, personal use only
    • 6'4” bed, 5.7l, 8cyl
    • California Motors Direct Fontana (59 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • USB Inputs
    • Upgraded Engine
    Close

    Located in Fontana, CA / 59 miles away from Santa Monica, CA

    Popular Equipment Group (1-Year SiriusXM Radio Service, 40/20/40 Split Bench Seat, Cloth 40/20/40 Bench Seat, For More Info, Call 800-643-2112, Front ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Issue reported

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 3C6JR6AT8JG195064
    Stock: JG195064
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 07-24-2025

  • $32,979
    great price
    $3,192 below market
    • 89,378 miles
    • No accidents, 3 owners, personal use
    • 5'7” bed, 5.7l, 8cyl
    • Car Lux Inc (10 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    Close

    Located in Lennox, CA / 10 miles away from Santa Monica, CA

    *** CLEAN TITLE *** CLEAN CARFAX *** LEVEL 1 EQUIPMENT GROUP *** PANORAMIC ROOF *** LOTS OF AFTERMARKET UPGRADES *** This 2019 RAM 1500 Limited is ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1C6SRFHT2KN593048
    Stock: 224772
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • Price Drop
    $28,799
    great price
    $3,660 below market
    • 66,297 miles
    • 1 accident, 2 owners, corporate fleet vehicle
    • 5'7” bed, 5.7l, 8cyl
    • California Motors Direct Fontana (59 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Blind Spot Monitorin...
    Close

    Located in Fontana, CA / 59 miles away from Santa Monica, CA

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1C6SRFFT8KN591789
    Stock: KN591789
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 05-01-2025

  • Price Drop
    $21,990
    good price
    $2,994 below market
    • 105,953 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use only
    • 5'7” bed, 3l, 6cyl
    • Lexus of Oxnard (40 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    Close

    Located in Oxnard, CA / 40 miles away from Santa Monica, CA

    **SPRING INTO SAVINGS SALES EVENT GOING ON NOW!**2017 Ram 1500 LaramiePriced below KBB Fair Purchase Price!Clean CARFAX.Reviews: * Smooth-riding suspe...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1C6RR7NM0HS647460
    Stock: L8707T
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 07-24-2025

    • 49,097 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use only
    • 6'4” bed, 5.7l, 8cyl
    • Sus Amigos Auto Center (28 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Power Driver Seat
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    Close

    Located in El Monte, CA / 28 miles away from Santa Monica, CA

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    17 Combined MPG (15 City/22 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 3C6JR6CT7JG171268
    Stock: 171268
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

    • 183,848 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 5'7” bed, 5.7l, 8cyl
    • J&R MOTORS (58 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    Close

    Located in Riverside, CA / 58 miles away from Santa Monica, CA

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    17 Combined MPG (15 City/21 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1C6RR7PT4JS202942
    Stock: 202942
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • Price Drop
    $34,474
    fair price
    $1,522 below market
    • 60,004 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use
    • 6'4” bed, 5.7l, 8cyl
    • Glenn E Thomas Dodge Chrysler Jeep (24 mi away)
    • Home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    Close

    Located in Signal Hill, CA / 24 miles away from Santa Monica, CA

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1C6SRFRT7KN787265
    Stock: B06038
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 06-27-2025

Showing 1 - 21 out of 2,658 listings

Consumer Reviews for the Ram 1500

Read recent reviews for the Ram 1500
Overall Consumer Rating
4.1 out of 5 stars42 Reviews
Write a vehicle reviewSee all 42 reviews
  • 5 star
    (50%)
  • 4 star
    (36%)
  • 3 star
    (0%)
  • 2 star
    (2%)
  • 1 star
    (12%)
4 out of 5 stars

Will never own a Car again, Trucks rule!

Anthony Reaves, 02/12/2019
2018 Ram 1500 Lone Star 4dr Quad Cab SB (3.6L 6cyl 8A)
I traded in my 2014 Honda CRV and got a great value for it. I brought this truck because of the rebates and discounts ($12,000.00). I had never owned a truck before this. I have been buying cars since 1977, and this was an eye opener. The Ram 1500 that I got is a little basic, not equipped with many Technology options. It does have bluetooth, pretty nice sound system. With that … exception, this is a great truck. In Michigan we have had back to back Ice and snow storms, and this truck has not slipped one time. I had thought I was having a problem with the transmission, and returned to dealer, the Service Tech at Cueter Chrysler Jeep Dodge RAM took an hour to demonstrate to me how to use the truck correctly. The next RAM will be better equipped but I will be a truck owner forever. One other note, there is not a lot of storage space in my truck.
Report abuse

Used 2018 Ram 1500 in Santa Monica, CA Values

Estimated values
2018 Ram 1500 Express 4dr Quad Cab 4WD SB (3.6L 6cyl 8A) with no options
ConditionTrade-InPrivate PartyDealer Retail
Outstanding$15,288$18,795$21,674
Clean$14,866$18,270$21,062
Average$14,163$17,396$20,042
Rough$13,249$16,259$18,716

The average list price of a used 2018 Ram 1500 in Santa Monica, California is $25,255. The average mileage on a used Ram 1500 2018 for sale in Santa Monica, California is 83,497. Based on the average mileage of 83,497 for used 2018 Ram 1500 for sale in Santa Monica, CA and using an average vehicle condition rating, which means the vehicle may have a few mechanical and/or cosmetic problems and may require a considerable amount of reconditioning, we appraise the average trade-in value of a used Ram 1500 2018 in Santa Monica, California to be $14,163.

Filters
Skip to Results

Applied Filters4Active

Select Buying Experience

Location

Search radius100 miles
Search radius

Make & Model

Year

New / Used

Price & Payments

Price Rating

Trim

Truck Details

Mileage

Accidents & History

Engine & Drivetrain

Exterior Color

Interior Color

Total Seating

Edmunds Review

Features

Options & Packages

MPG

Listing Details


* Delivery of any kind does not apply to Alaska and Hawaii. Contact the dealer for delivery details, restrictions and costs.